Abstract: The investigation of drying properties of unstyrenated and styrenated palm kernel oil modified alkyd resins using some empirical equations was studied. Three different alkyd resins A, B and C were prepared with dehydrated palm kernel oil, phthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride and glycerol using lithium hydroxide as catalyst at stipulated ratios. The prepared alkyd resins were post- polymerized with styrene using benzoyl peroxide as an initiator under reflux at 120°C for 3 hours. The drying and chemical behaviour of the alkyd resins and styrenated alkyd resins were investigated using standard methods. Some empirical model equations (linear, exponential, logarithmic and quadratic) were tested for the dynamics of the physical drying and chemical resistance of both styrenated and unstyrenated alkyds in terms of viscosity and conversion. All the resins showed good properties. The styrenated alkyd resins gave a faster drying time and displayed better chemical resistance. Unlike the unstyrenated alkyd which is only resistant to water, brine, and acidic media, the styrenated alkyds were also resistant to alkalis. It was found that quadratic model equation best describes the dynamics of the physical drying and chemical resistance of both the styrenated and unstyrenated alkyds resins. Therefore, it can be concluded that styrenated alkyd resins offer an improved applications in terms of drying and chemical resistance in surface coating purposes.

Keywords: Styrenation, Polyesterification, Palm Kernel Oil, Modelling, Surface Coating.

Title: Investigation of Drying and Chemical Properties of Unstyrenated and Styrenated Palm Kernel Oil Modified Alkyl Resins Using Some Empirical Models

Author: N.J. Obodo, S. Ajana, M.C.John

International Journal of Novel Research in Physics Chemistry & Mathematics

ISSN 2394-9651

Vol. 11, Issue 2, May 2024 - August 2024

Page No: 85-91

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 21-August-2024

Abstract: The study investigated the photocatalytic properties of the CuAl₂O₄ compound containing metal oxides. The X-ray diffraction analysis was used to refine the atomic arrangement in the material, and the Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA-PBE) was applied in electronic and optical calculations using CASTEP code to analyze the structural composition of the compound. The optimized structure was utilized to compute the electronic structure and related properties.The study revealed that the calculated optical bandgap of the compound is 3.39 eV, enabling it to absorb light in the UV range. The electronic charge density distribution results showed a significant interaction between Al-O and Cu-O. The valence bands had substantial contributions from O_p and Al_d, while most of the energy levels in the conduction band were from Cu_d and Cu_s. This distribution enhances charge transfer and reduces recombination rates, thereby improving the efficiency of catalytic reactions.Based on these properties, the CuAl₂O₄ compound is considered a promising material for photocatalytic applications, opening new avenues for its use in photo reactive processes.

Keywords: CuAl₂O₄, GGA-PBE, Band Structure Electronic, photo degradation, DFT.

Title: Effects of Degradation on Photocatalytic Activity and Electronic Properties of CuAl₂O₄: A Density Functional Theory Study

Author: Sattar H. Abed, Ali H. Reshak

International Journal of Novel Research in Physics Chemistry & Mathematics

ISSN 2394-9651

Vol. 11, Issue 2, May 2024 - August 2024

Page No: 72-84

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 14-August-2024

Abstract: Exchange interaction in Si double quantum dots, which have been suggested as appropriate candidates for spin qubits because of their long spin coherence durations, is investigated here. Using three distinct models of the double quantum dot (DQDs) potential as a function the inter-dot distance (d) and of the electric field (E), inside the Heitler-London (HL) and Hund-Mulliken (HM) approximations, we derive the J-interaction.  In a connected double quantum dot (DQD), we evaluate the J-interaction between triplet and singlet states using COMSOL Multiphysics wave functions. Considering several potentials, this computation is carried out inside a specified area of interest. We compare these results with a case in which the 1D Schrödinger problem has precisely known solutions.

Keywords:  Double quantum dots; Exchange interaction; Quantum computing. 

Title: Exchange Energy in Asymmetric Double Quantum Dots

Author: Emad S. Taiyh, Sabah M. M. Ameen

International Journal of Novel Research in Physics Chemistry & Mathematics

ISSN 2394-9651

Vol. 11, Issue 2, May 2024 - August 2024

Page No: 59-71

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 12-August-2024

Abstract: In this work, the problem of heat conduction of an infinitely long cylindrical medium composed of k  layers of viscoelastic and/or elastic materials is considered. A distributed heat source acts inside the medium. The lateral surface of the medium is considered stress free and subjected to a thermal shock. The generalized theory of thermoviscoelasticty with one relaxation time is used to model the considered problem. The problem is solved analytically with a direct approach without the customary use of potential functions by using the Laplace transform technique. Numerical inversion of the transformed solution is carried out to obtain the temperature, displacement and stress distributions in a 4- layered cylinder formed from two different materials. Numerical results are shown visually and discussed.

Keywords: Generalized thermoviscoelasticity Heat sources, Multi layers, Thermal shock.

Title: Heat Conduction In A Multilayered Infinitely Long Cylindrical Viscoelastic And/Or Elastic Medium Including Heat Source

Author: E.I.Soliman

International Journal of Novel Research in Physics Chemistry & Mathematics

ISSN 2394-9651

Vol. 11, Issue 2, May 2024 - August 2024

Page No: 44-58

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 03-August-2024

Abstract: The present study reports the design, construction, and performance evaluation of a low-cost portable briquette moulder capable of producing 10 briquettes at a time. Waste from neem tree branch residues were converted into biofuel briquettes using the native cassava starch as a binder. The physical, proximate, and elemental characteristics of the briquettes were determined according to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) analytical methods and calculations. The results for the physical properties are: maximum density of 962.19 kg/m³, relaxed density of 448.16 kg/m³, relaxation ratio of 2.12, and density ratio of 0.47. Additionally, the briquettes exhibited 99.31% shatter resistance, 99.61% tumbling resistance, and a 93.15% water resistance index. The proximate properties were determined to be 5.01% moisture content, 46.66% volatile matter, 2.26% ash content, and 46.07% fixed carbon. The elemental composition of the briquettes included 50.57% carbon, 5.20% nitrogen, and 36.21% oxygen. The heating value of the briquettes was found to be 19.02 MJ/kg. The low-cost briquette moulder was effective and capable of producing high-quality briquettes that provide sufficient heat for household and small-scale industrial operations.

Keywords: Biomass, Briquette, Moulder, Physical and Combustion analysis.

Title: DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A LOW-COST PORTABLE MOULDER FOR BIOFUEL BRIQUETTE PRODUCTION

Author: S. Namadi, A.O. Musa, U.M. Gana

International Journal of Novel Research in Physics Chemistry & Mathematics

ISSN 2394-9651

Vol. 11, Issue 2, May 2024 - August 2024

Page No: 31-43

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 01-August-2024

Abstract: In this study,  the co-precipitation method were used to synthesize α-Fe2O3 nanocrystals, that were then used as an adsorbent to remove Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ , and Pb2+ from wastewater at room temperature. The prepared sample's structural and morphological properties are assessed using XRD, BET surface area, and FESEM. The development of a pure hematite structure with an average particle size of about 48 nm is confirmed by the XRD patterns and is further corroborated by the 70 nm nanocrystals' FESEM pictures. The BET specific surface area of the nanocrystals is determined to be approximately 39.89 m2 g−1. Adsorption experiments are conducted for a range of solution pH values, contact times, and initial metal ion concentrations The maximum adsorption capacities of Fe2O3 nanocrystals related to Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ , and Pb2+  are found to be 96.56 ppm for Pb2+ ions for a contact time 120 min.  At pH 3, 6, and 9, high efficiency removal of Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ , and Pb2+  takes place for zinc ions of 99.79 ppm. These results clearly suggest that the synthesized Fe2O3 nanocrystals can be considered as potential nano-adsorbents for future environmental and health related applications.

Keywords: water treatment, heavy metal removing, Iron oxide nanoparticles; Fe2O3.

Title: Heavy Metal Removal from Basrah waste water via Fe2O3 Nanocrystals

Author: Anwar A. Jumaa, Salwa A. Abduljaleel, Zuhair A. Abdulnabi, Abdulzahra A.N. AlHello

International Journal of Novel Research in Physics Chemistry & Mathematics

ISSN 2394-9651

Vol. 11, Issue 2, May 2024 - August 2024

Page No: 22-30

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 27-July-2024

Abstract: In a relatively short duration (10 minutes) under a microwave irradiation method prepared the chemical Zintl compounds  Eu_0.6Yb_0.4Zn₂Sb₂, YbCd_1.6Zn_0.4Sb₂ , YbZn_1.6Mn_0.4Sb₂   by using an active carbon as a susceptor material. These samples were then analyzed by the XRD, SEM . The XRD revealed that the compounds crystallized in the hexagonal structure where ZnSb precipitated as a secondary phase in almost all the compounds. Thermoelectric characterizations have been performed for three obtained samples a maximum power factor of 2.62 μW/cmK² at 523K was noticed for Eu_0.6Yb_0.4Zn₂Sb₂ sample with carrier concentration of 5.11×  10²¹ cm^-3 at 300K. And the compound YbCd₁.₆Zn_0.4Sb₂ is found the power factor of 8.20 µWcm^-1k^-2 at 523K with carrier concentration of 3.04×  10²¹ cm^-3 at 300K. The compound YbZn_1.6Mn_0.4Sb₂  the power factor of 1.78 µW/cm k² at 523 K with carrier concentration of 4.8 ×  10²¹ cm^-3 at 300 K.

Keywords: microwave irradiation, zintl phase, active carbon, power factor.

Title: Thermoelectric properties of zintl phase antimonite compounds, Eu_0.6Yb_0.4Zn₂Sb₂, YbCd_1.6Zn_0.4Sb₂, YbZn_1.6Mn_0.4Sb₂   prepared by microwave-assisted solid-state technique

Author: Ibrahim Majeed Jasim, Arshad Hmood Abd-Al Kadhim

International Journal of Novel Research in Physics Chemistry & Mathematics

ISSN 2394-9651

Vol. 11, Issue 2, May 2024 - August 2024

Page No: 17-21

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 27-July-2024

Abstract: This research work focused on the impact of Tertiary Education Trust Fund on academic staff development in tertiary institutions Benue State. A total of 155 academic staff from five tertiary institutions in Benue State were sampled for this research. Three research questions and two hypotheses were formulated for the studies. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. Carefully designed questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection. The analysis made use of Chi-square to test the hypotheses. The data collected were analysed using frequency and percentages. Results of the research showed that TETFund intervention on training and development has great impact on improved skills and development of the staff of tertiary institutions. TETFund sponsorship of academic staff to conferences and workshops has significant impact on research and academic growth in tertiary institutions. The findings revealed that there is a relationship between TETFund and the academic staff training and development of academic staff of Benue State tertiary institutions. Also there is a relationship between TETFund and academic staff research output in tertiary institutions in Benue State. Findings suggest that TETFund should increase the current amount allocated for academic staff training considering the preset economic conditions and remove or reduce the bureaucratic processes involved in accessing funds for easy assessment of fund.

Keywords: Impact, TETFund, development, academic staff, training.

Title: IMPACT OF TERTIARY EDUCATION TRUST FUND (TETFUND) ON ACADEMIC STAFF DEVELOPMENT TO ALL BENEFITING TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN BENUE STATE OF NIGERIA

Author: Isaac Terungwa Iorkpiligh, Steve Terlumun Jato, Okpe Ogah

International Journal of Novel Research in Physics Chemistry & Mathematics

ISSN 2394-9651

Vol. 11, Issue 2, May 2024 - August 2024

Page No: 8-16

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 10-May-2024

Abstract: The application of linear canonical transform in quantum mechanics has focused attention on its complex extension. Fractional Gabor transform is special case of complex linear canonical transform. The present paper investigates the generalized Poisson summation formula for the fractional Gabor transform of the periodic functions of compact support. Then some results associated with this novel formula have been presented.

Keywords: fractional Fourier transform, linear canonical transform, Poisson summation formula, Gabor transform, fractional Gabor transform, testing function space.

Title: Poisson Summation Formula Associated with the Fractional Gabor Transform

Author: S.R.Sawarkar, V. N. Mahalle

International Journal of Novel Research in Physics Chemistry & Mathematics

ISSN 2394-9651

Vol. 11, Issue 2, May 2024 - August 2024

Page No: 1-7

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 01-May-2024