Abstract:In this paper, five-point spline collocation method is considered for solving differential-algebraic systems with index greater than or equal one. The study shows that the purposed method applied to higher index differential-algebraic equations is stable and the order of convergence is eight for index greater than or equals two, while the order is nine for index-1. Numerical experiments are presented that illustrate the theoretical results. The method is also compared with the method given by Mahmoud [7], Tabatabaei and Celik [11] and Dhamacharoen [13] . This comparison shows that the presented method is more accurate than the previous others.
2000 AMS Subject Classifications: 65L10; 65L05; 65L20; 65D05

Abstract:In the present paper, we investigate the issue of obtaining upper bounds for some initial coefficients in some subclasses of analytic and bi-univalent functions, which are defined by Murugusundaramoorthy (2013) and by Frasin (2014). We aim to find an estimate for the fourth coefficient in some of these subclasses. We also aim to estimate the second Hankel determinant for these subclasses.

Keywords:Univalent functions, Bi-univalent functions, Starlike functions, Convex function, Fekete-Szegö inequalities,  Coefficient bounds, Hankel determinants, Bi-starlike functions, Bi-convex functions.

Abstract:Sequential extraction is a useful method of identifying how toxic trace metals bind to sand particles and the strength of these bonds. Sequential extraction uses a series of extractions on the same sample, by using extraction liquids expected to promote decreasing mobility of metal fractions in the sand. The selected sequence process named BCR (Community Burean of Reference), is consisting of  four-steps, but with improvements in the fourth step (so it has become two parts ;the first  is: by using the Aqua regia and the second is : by using  Hydrofluoric acid).Seven  different samples of sand  from coastal areas in Syria have been studied. Fe has been analyzied and their concentrations have been determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS), the results have shown that the increasing percentage concentration for Fe in the residual fraction, are: for Fe   in Jiblah between 0.001% - 0.97% In Tartous between 0.001%-1.2%.In Banias between0.16%-4.11%. In Al- Baseet between 0.1%-3019%. In Shkifat between 0.009%-1.69%. In Ras Ibn Hani between 0.005%-1.24% In Alkhuder Shrine between 0.005%-1.48%.

Abstract:In this work, we constructed and characterized a hydrogen fuel cell system using water electrolysis. We investigated the effects of electrolyte concentration, space between the pair of electrodes on the amount of solar hydrogen produced and the overall efficiency of the electrolyser system. Aluminium/Copper materials were used as the electrodes because of their high performance in the electrolyser system and Potassium hydroxide (KOH) was used as electrolyte. 10% concentration of potassium Hydroxide was used with electrode spacing of 5mm. Results showed that hydrogen production was highly dependent on electrode gap distance, electrolyser efficiency and current/Voltage characteristics. The maximum efficiency achieved was 29.8%. The smaller the gap between the pair of electrodes the higher the rate of hydrogen production and the more efficient is the system. The findings presented here can help direct research and development efforts towards the fabrication of deployable solar-hydrogen generators that are cost competitive with commercial energy sources.

Abstract:The dielectric constant of raffia carbonated low density polyethylene using inductive capacitive resonance circuit was studied in this work. Bulk raffia frond materials were whittled done using top down approach through burning to produce charcoal and other isotopes of carbon. The charcoal was crushed into powder form and was sieved to remove rough and ungrounded ones and was used as filler. Samples of carbonated and un-carbonated polyethylene with thicknesses ranging from 0.3cm-0.7cm were inserted between the capacitor plates separated by very small distance of 1.5cm. The resonance frequencies fo and fp and corresponding amplitudes were obtained with air and polymer as the dielectrics, respectively. The spacing between the two copper plates was made very small to obtain a good result/capacitance. The peak to peak values of the wave form and their corresponding frequencies were recorded. The results showed that the dielectric constant of the polymer increased with increase in raffia carbon weight. The dielectric constant for the polyethylene was calculated to be 0.282 for pure samples and ranged from 0.524-0.790 when carbon black was introduced as filler. This showed that raffia charcoal can be a good material for carbonation of polymer and such polymer can be employed in solid state/solar energy industries.
Keywords:Capacitance, Dielectric Constants, Low Density Polyethylene and Raffia Charcoal.
Title:Determination of the Dielectric Constants of Raffia Carbonated Low Density Polyethylene
Author:Okpala Uchechukwu V.
ISSN 2394-9651
International Journal of Novel Research in Physics Chemistry & Mathematics
Novelty Journals
 

Abstract:The aim of this paper is to find and solve the conformal killing’s equations of Einstein Closed Static Universe metric in Lyra geometry and Riemannian geometry, obtained conformal killing vector fields and compare between the results.

Abstract:Leaves of Inula viscosa (L.) plant (Inula genus, Asteraceae family), locally known as Taion, was collected from two different regions of Lattakia: the Jubt Barghal region (a mountainous area), the Qaya region (a coastal area), and the essential oil was extracted by Hydrodistillation using the Cleveger apparatus, where the weight percentage of essential oil stood at (0.672%, 0.530%) for both mountainous and coastal region, respectively. The Chemical composition of essential oil obtained from flowers of Inula viscosa (L.) was analyzed by GC/MS.
The essential oil of the mountainous area contained 55 components, which were identified, that accounting for (99.76%) of total essential oil. The main components were:
11-hydroxy-Eremophyl-6(7),9(10)-dien-8-one ( 30.11 %), Veridiflorol ( 9.30 % ), Cedr-8-en-13-ol ( 7.44 % ) , (-)-Caryophyllene oxide ( 4.87 % ), β-Selinene (4.46 %) , Terpineol (2.66%), β-Bisabolene ( 2.53 %).
The essential oil of the coastal region contained 42 components, which were identified, that accounting for (99.77%) of total essential oil. The main components were:
Hexachloro-1,3-Butadiene (11.75%) , Terpineol (10.19%) , Linalool L (9.67%) , Benzophenone (5.70%) ,  beta.-Damascenone (4.44%), (-)-Caryophyllene oxide (3.24%) .

Abstract:According to the importance of economic solar ponds in domestic and industrial daily practical applications and its international widespread, this created the basis of an experimental study on a prismatic solar pond. It is internally painted in black with a surface measurement of (1m2) and a lower measurement of (0.42m2) and 1m deep. It constitutes four levels of gradual salinity separated by transparent glassy tablets /home glass/ of (6mm) thickness. On its lower level, a black solid mass is placed (black volcanic stones of equal dimensions; almost around 1cm). Upon studying the temperature and the stored thermal amounts of via subsidiary time every day from 9 am until 5 pm, the average rate of stored thermal amount each hour calculated according to the following equation: (Q = m.Cp.ΔT) during six months (August 2015 until January 2016) was: 11661.482 KJ, 11616.498 KJ, 6671.280 KJ, 5915.907 KJ, 2236.467 KJ, 7703.131 KJ respectively.

Abstract:This research aims to study three methods for the random sampling (Simple, Stratified, Cluster), and the impact of these methods on the accuracy of the estimation of the statistical population parameters, as an example, we will study the estimation of the linear regression coefficients by using Least Squares Method, that we compare estimators according to the three methods of random sampling that we mentioned above by applying the mathematical equations for each method, where it is clear that the stratified random sampling with proportional allocation gives the most efficient estimators and less sampling error.