Abstract:The problem of research was to identify strategies to help SME’s through the use of social media to interact with consumers, as there is a lack of use of these means in institutions. The aim of the research is to assess the impact of social media on small businesses, to identify social media strategies used in small businesses, to identify the application of social media to small businesses, and to define how social media can be applied to small businesses. The importance of research is important to study the impact of social activity on the performance of small businesses, in the social media environment where it is necessary for small companies to understand the strategies of using Face book, Twitter. The research followed the descriptive analytical method, by linking the variables theoretically and through the questionnaire to produce conclusions and recommendations useful in the field of scientific research and small business activity. One of the main findings of this research is that the analysis of the field study shows a positive relationship between the applied work and the small business. The implementation of the social media strategy leads to the growth of small businesses. The research recommendations should focus on increasing the use of social media in business, conducting more studies and researches on the application of social media in various businesses, spreading the culture of using social media in business.

Abstract:The study intended to investigate the relationship between project risk management and the performance of alternative delivery channels in the banking industry. The study focused specifically on the effect of project appraisal management, project risk response management, project market risk management and project risk control on the performance of alternative banking channels. The study was anchored on the measurement theory of performance, contingency theory, stakeholder theory and systems theory.  This study adopted a descriptive survey design. The target population for this study included key informants in all the 39 commercial banks. The study adopted a census survey technique with respect to the unit of analysis which is the commercial banks in Kenya. Primary data was gathered by use of structured questionnaires. The study collected data using drop and pick method. Data gathered from the questionnaires was analyzed quantitatively using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS version 20) computer software. SPSS which generate both descriptive and inferential statistics was employed. The results of correlation and regression analysis also showed that project appraisal management, project risk response management, project market risk management and project risk control had a strong positive and significant relationship on the performance of alternative banking channels in commercial banks in Kenya. The study concluded that the performance of alternative banking channels heavily relied on ability of commercial banks to manage all risks arising from implementation. Based on the findings of the study, the study recommended that management or project team of all the commercial banks should frequently carry out consistent process of reviewing and evaluating the contents of the alternative banking channels to enhance management of all risks arising from implementation.

Abstract: Establishing good governance requires long periods and constant efforts. In addition, it also requires commitment and considerable optimism of the whole components of the nation involving three pillars of the nation namely the government apparatus, the private sectors, and the people in order to nurture solidarity to achieve good governance. However, achieving good governance poses daunting challenges. The government of Somalia has shown commitment to improve public service leadership by launching different initiatives under the scope of Peace and reconstruction. Public service leaders at different level advocate transformational agenda to achieve growth and transformation of the country. The focus of governance in the private sector is on the board of directors. In the public sector context, boards are sometimes difficult to identify and define, as they operate in different statutory and managerial frameworks. It is not possible to develop one framework and one set of recommendations of governance that would be applicable to all public sector entities, but similar principles nevertheless apply, whether the controlling body is elected or appointed. In particular, public sector entities have to satisfy a complex range of political, economic and social objectives, which subject them to a different set of external constraints. To effectively provide strategic governance, there is need to identify the factors influencing governance. This study was aimed at investigating the factors influencing governance in Somalia public service. The study was guided by four objectives including, finding out the influence of transparency on governance in Somalia public service, to investigate the effect of accountability on governance in Somalia public service, to determine the effect of rule of law on governance in Somalia public service, to examine the effect of equity principle on governance in Somalia Public service. The study selected a sample of 153 respondents from the government and civil service organizations. In order to conduct the study, the researcher used a questionnaire to collect data in this study. The researcher employed descriptive analysis, percentages and frequencies to analyze the results of questionnaire using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS version 22). Data was presented in tables and analyzed using mean scores, standard deviation, frequencies and percentages. From the study data analysis and interpretations, the following summary, conclusions and recommendations were drawn; transparency, accountability, rule of law and equity principle  were found to play a big role in factors influencing governance in Somalia public service. Thus the Somalia public service should encourage the use of accountability practices, transparency practices, rule of law actions and the equity principle in governance of public service in the country so as to service delivery.

Abstract:The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of working capital management on financial performance of state corporations in Kenya, a case of REA. The study adopted a case study approach. There is need for assessment of working capital practices in REA a state corporation which is mandated to accelerate the pace of rural electrification in order to promote sustainable socio-economic development. It is also important to observe that there are notable working capital factors such as accounts receivable, accounts payable, cash management and inventory management in the financial history of State corporations in Kenya. In all these cases government entities which were not working optimally were either transformed through engagement with strategic and/or anchor investors, or introduction of missing links in the product value chains, which then added value before these could be partially privatized. The study was guided by the following objectives to establish the effect of cash management on the financial performance, to find out the effect of inventory management on the financial performance, to assess the effect of accounts receivable management on the financial performance and to assess the effect of accounts payables management on the financial performance To achieve this objective the researcher employed descriptive research design and make use of questionnaires to collect data from the respondents. The target population of the study was all 181 staff of REA based at the Headquarters in Nairobi while the sample population was 123 employees.  Data was collected through questionnaires. The collected data was coded and entered into SPSS for analysis. Correlation analysis was used to test the nature of relationship between independent and dependent variables of the study.  Corporations would benefit from the findings of this study as they would use the results of the study to improve financial performance. The findings indicate that cash management practices and inventory management policy have significant influence on financial performance of the organization. Management of accounts receivables is a critical element in achieving organizational growth objectives, shorter cash collection periods ensures there is systematic flow of cash for operations in the organizations  Firms need to come up with a way of paying creditors as late as possible in order to maximize returns thus improve on financial performance of the organizations. Conclusion drawn are that cash  budgeting is  useful  in planning  for  shortage  and  surplus  of  cash  and  has  an effect  on  the  financial  performance  of  the  firms. A longer inventory holding period has a negative effect on financial performance while the length of inventory holding period has a material impact on financial performance.  Management of accounts receivables affects financial performance and a proper debt management policy and ensures that bad debts are provided. Proper cash management policy, proper budgeting of cash, maintaining of adequate inventory levels ,use of inventory management systems JIT and ensuring proper debt management policy exist, will improve financial performance of the organization. The study recommends that institutions need to put more emphasis to practice good cash management policy because its enables growth and improvement in the financial performance. They need to use inventory management systems like JIT and MRP which will greatly improve organizational efficiency and in the long run improve organizational financial performance. Management of debtors should be implemented through the formulation of sound credit policies and companies should sometimes use their receivables as collateral for borrowing money.  Organizations need to negotiate for a longer credit period with the suppliers and that creditor should be paid as late as possible in order to maximize return.

Abstract:Somalia faces many major corruption challenges that affect conflict-torn countries, with widespread corruption and a deeply deep-rooted patronage system damaging the legitimacy of the internationally recognized Federal Government. Corruption distorts resource allocation and government performance. The causes of its development are many and vary from one country to the next, Among the contributing factors are policies, programs and activities that are poorly conceived and managed, failing institutions, poverty, income disparities, inadequate civil servants’ remuneration, lack of accountability and transparency. Combating corruption is instrumental to the broader goal of achieving more effective, fair, and efficient government. When there is inadequate transparency, accountability, and probity in the use of public resources, the state fails to generate credibility and authority. Systemic corruption undermines the credibility of democratic institutions and counteracts good governance. The negative impacts of corruption have served as the impetus for international aid institutions to demand the establishment of good governance strategies in Somalia. These strategies attempt to improve integrity, transparency, and accountability in government and private administrative transactions, to achieve sustainable growth and improved service delivery to the public. Transparency, combined with the empowerment of the civil society, helps governments ensure the efficient use of resources and manage a change process that results in increased accountability and improved service delivery, two elements that assist in the creation of an enabling environment for private-sector development and economic growth. It is due to the pressure from international aid institutions to Somalia to create good governance strategies in order to reduce corruption that the study aimed at investigating the good governance strategies that the local government can embrace in reducing corruption in the local government of Somalia. The study was guided by four objectives including, determining the role of accountability in reducing corruption in Local government of Somalia, to find out the role of transparency in reducing corruption in local government in Somalia, to investigate the effect of equitable governance on corruption reduction in local government in Somalia and to assess the role of technology deployment in corruption reduction in local government in Somalia. The researcher used a survey design method for the study. Survey design is a design in which data is collected using questionnaires. For this study, the survey design was preferred because surveys are relatively less costly, easily accessible and also useful in describing the characteristics of a large population and making the results statistically significant even when analyzing the variables. The study selected a sample of 171 respondents from the different segments of the population in Mogadishu Somalia to determine the role of governance strategies to reduce corruption in Somalia. The data collected was tabulated and analyzed. This study employed simple random sampling technique in selecting respondents. This type of sampling is none biased because each member of the subset has an equal probability of being chosen. From the study data analysis and interpretations, the following summary, conclusions and recommendations were drawn; Accountability, transparency, equitable governance and technology deployment   were found to play a big role in combating and reducing corruption in local government in Somalia. Thus the Somalia local government should encourage the use of accountability practices, transparency practices, equitable governance actions and the deployment of technology in local government across the country so as to fight corruption.

Abstract: The performance of any organization is very important to its stakeholders as success is measured by how well strategic goals are met. One of the important determinants of good financial performance is financial management where resource allocation and funding requirements both in the short run and long run are critical. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of financial management practices on the organizational performance of public sector organizations like Somalia Civil Aviation and Meteorology Authority (SCAMA) which was studied. Such financial management practices as were studied are annual budget process, financial reporting & tracking, and internal controls. The study was guided by the following objectives: to determine the effect of annual budgeting on financial performance of SCAMA; to establish the effect of financial reporting and tracking on financial performance of SCAMA; to evaluate the effect of internal controls on financial performance of SCAMA; and to evaluate the effect of governance on financial performance of SCAMA. The study employed a descriptive design and targeted all the 200 employees of SCAMA. A sample of 140 employees was taken through stratified sampling. Primary data was collected through the use of a self-administered questionnaire. Data was analysed through descriptive and inferential statistics, and presented using charts and tables. The study found that the four independents variables combined caused 53.45% of the changes in financial performance of SCAMA. The independent variables were all statistically significant. The study further rejected all the four research hypotheses. The study concluded that all the four independent variables individually affect financial performance at SCAMA to at least a large extent. The study recommends that SCAMA should adopt a more inclusive budgeting process. Further, financial reporting should be fully automated. Internal controls should be managed across all operations with the internal auditing function being outsourced. Finally, the corporate governance framework at SCAMA should be strengthened to achieve better financial performance outcomes.
Keywords: organization, stakeholders, strategic goals, financial management practices. 
Title: EFFECT OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR: A CASE OF SOMALIA CIVIL AVIATION AND METEOROLOGY AUTHORITY
Author: Zainab Omar Abdullahi, Dr. Lucy Gichinga
ISSN 2394-7322
International Journal of Novel Research in Marketing Management and Economics
Novelty Journals
 

Abstract:One of the major problems facing modern day organization is the motivation of workers for effective performance and motivation of workers in an organization will make workers to work effectively and efficiency and this in turn will have a positive effect on global education, research and technology and the nation as a whole. Deliberate attempts have been made to know whether incentive scheme motivate workers to work more effectively and efficiency and whether it will have a positive or negative effect on global education, research and technology and the nation as a whole. Attempts have also been made to know whether incentive scheme motivate workers towards achieving the aims and objectives of an organization and whether it motivate these workers to perform optimally. Research have also shown that incentive scheme not only motivate workers to work more effectively and efficiency but also have a positive effect on individual consumers, other businesses, retailers or public service providers global education, research, technology and the nation as a whole. However the purpose of this research work is to identify, examine and investigate the factors that can be used as an incentive to optimize workers performance in an organization and whether this can have a positive or negative effect on global education, research and technology for sustainable development.  In the cause of carrying out this research work to achieve these objectives questionnaires were distributed, data were also collected and analyzed by using the simple percentage method. Hypotheses were tested and recommendations were made that motivation lead to an increase in the effectiveness and efficiency of employees in an organization and this will boomerang and lead to a positive effect on global education, research and technology for sustainable development. Thus in conclusion the researcher suggest that workers should be engage in the decision process of the company this is because workers feel more comfortable when they take part in deciding their fate In the organization they contribute in growing as this will not only lead to a positive effect on global education, research and technology for sustainable development this will inevitably lead to sustainable growth and development to the nation and the world as a whole.

Abstract: Corporate governance has received much attention in the accounting literature, with studies focusing on the influence of corporate governance on corporate financial performance in Hormoud in Somalia. The association between quality of corporate governance and firms' profitability is quite major focus in corporate governance studies, but one cannot predict much on the direction as prior literature shows mixed results. Better governed firms might have more efficient operations, resulting in a higher expected future management. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of corporate governance on corporate financial performance in Hormoud in Somalia, for the purposes of this study; the researcher applied descriptive research design. Primary data was collected from one head of the various persons with different qualification and experiences in Somalia. Self-administered drop and pick questionnaires were distributed among sampled employees currently employed by Telecommunication Companies in Somalia. Quantitative data collected was analyzed by the use of descriptive statistics. The sample size consisted of 92 participants selected from the accessible population the Slovene's formula was used to determine the minimum sample size. Data collected was analyzed by using descriptive statistics. The descriptive statistical tools helped in describing the data and determining the respondents’ degree of agreement with the various statements under each factor. The data was analyzed and processed electronically using statistical package for social scientists (SPSS version 22) to analyze the influence of corporate governance on corporate financial performance in Hormoud in Somalia.  The study concluded that Organization should choose a sizeable board which are efficient and well informed in matters corporate governance so as to strengthen their corporate financial performance, organizations should have an excellent board composition full of individuals with diverse expertise and knowledge so as to enhance better corporate governance and corporate financial performance, the company policies and guidelines should be followed to the latter so as to caution the firms against bad corporate governance and practices thus enhancing corporate financial performance and the corporate independent committees should be strengthened through having properly trained individuals to sit in this committees so as to properly advice the board and management on various matters concerning corporate governance thus leading to corporate financial performance The study therefore recommends that policy makers for media houses and telecommunications companies should take serious notice of these findings to implement policies that sustain the already existing strong corporate governance structures. The study recommends corporate governance to accomplish the task of preserving companies to be realistic and more advantageous.

Abstract:The study was carried out to determine the impact of marketing factors on corporate performance of microfinance banks in Nigeria. The study also examined if marketing whether budgets really improve the profitability of microfinance banks. Data was obtained principally from primary sources, interviews and questionnaire.  All the forty six (46) microfinance banks in Imo state were considered and one questionnaire each was sent to each of the banks. The qualitative data was transformed into quantitative with the use of likert scale. The ordinary least square estimation technique (OLS) was employed to test for relationship in the model. The study revealed that there is a significant relationship between the identified marketing factors and corporate performance of the banks in Nigeria. The study further revealed that marketing budget has contributed significantly to the performance of microfinance banks. This study therefore recommends among others that Microfinance banks should continue to offer prompt and timely services. Neck-to-measure services should be produced and made available to customers at affordable prices. There is a need also to strengthen their competitive position through a constant, comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable marketing research effort.

Abstract:This study sought to find out the effect of intellectual stimulation leadership on organisational performance of state corporations in Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to find out whether intellectual stimulation as a facet of transformational leadership style is required for improved organisational performance of State Corporation in Kenya. To meet the purpose of the study, relevant leadership theories and various leadership styles were reviewed thoroughly. Literature relating to intellectual stimulation leadership was reviewed, as well as literature relating to the dependent variable. The study adopted a descriptive research design where the use of measures of central tendency such as mean and standard deviation was employed. The study obtained primary data from 165 respondents randomly selected from 8 randomly selected state corporations in Kenya using a structured and semi-structured questionnaire captured through a 5-point type Likert scale. Data on the performance of these 8 State corporations was collected from the division of performance contracting in the Ministry of Devolution and Planning. The questionnaires were self-administered using the drop and pick method. A pilot study was undertaken on the sample population. The questionnaire was subjected to overall reliability analysis of internal consistency. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 was used for analysis to generate descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics included percentages and frequencies while the inferential statistics included a multiple linear regression model. Study results were presented in form of figures and tables. The study established a significant relationship between intellectual stimulation leadership and organizational performance of state corporations in Kenya. The study suggests that Cabinet Secretaries take priority concern of the critical role of intellectual stimulation as a key attribute of leaders appointed to head State corporations in Kenya to transform the organisations.
Keywords:Adjustment, Agreeableness, Dependability, Intellectual outlook, Intellectual stimulation, Leadership, Performance, Public sector, public sector management, State Corporation, Surgency.
Title: Effect of Intellectual Stimulation on Organisational Performance of State Corporations in Kenya
Author: JOHN NYAKAWA ONDARI, DR. SUSAN WERE, DR. GLADYS ROTICH.
ISSN 2394-7322
International Journal of Novel Research in Marketing Management and Economics
Novelty Journals

Abstract:In facility management for execution of hard services notions, the pillars of facility management such as electrical, electronic, plumbing & mechanical, civil and Hvac sections by their odd techniques over their cooperation amid themselves and inter allied with others in their identifiable well acquainted “know – how work forces “with their “one – to -one technologies” either directly or indirectly accomplishment the facility management notions appropriately. In order to smooth functions of hard service of facility management, the facility manager must be a generalist rather than a specialist, aware the execution ways of principles organization including Maslow’s theory of needs of employees and on account of execution of   the planned preventive maintenance, it is indispensible to enforce apt vigilance through respective pillars of supervisors by the facility manager as a Watch dog of hard service for earlier identification of defects. Accordingly, the facility management is the foremost business service capable of integrating the concrete assets and facilities with the more amorphous assets of facility services. It is the role of pillars  of the facility management to ensure the proper operation of all aspects of a building to create a healthy, safe and cost –effective environment in which occupants can function.