Abstract: Central venous catheters is an important procedure particularly in the intensive care units. In order to handle Central venous catheters safely, nurses need to acquire theoretical and practical knowledge related to it, which in turn will have positive effect on patients’ outcomes. The aim of the study was to  assess the effect of instructional module related to Central venous catheters, on nurses’ knowledge and performance, and their effect on patients’ outcomes (complications/ problems). Design: The study used quasi experimental design. Sample: Two hundred and twenty five patients and 60 nurses were included. Tools: Three tools were used to collect the data. 1) A questionnaire which was divided into two parts: a) sociodemographic data. b) Knowledge related to Central Venous Catheters, 2) checklist related to nursing care practices of Central Venus Catheter. 3) An incidence sheet to record the outcomes of Central venous catheters. The results indicated that nurses `knowledge and practices related to Central Venous Catheters had statistically improved at the post test than that of pretest; and less patient complications was recorded among the study group compared to the control group. Conclusion the Instructional Module was effective in improving the nurses` knowledge and practices which lead to reduction in the incidence rate of complications/ problems. Recommendation: In order to correctly and safely handle Central venous catheters, on job training and simple illustrated booklets about the protocol of care of Central Venus Catheter should be available.

Keywords: Central Venous Catheter, intensive care units.
Title: Effect of Instructional Module about Central Venous Catheter on Nurse’s Performance and Patients Outcomes in Selected Hospital
Author: Gehan Abd El-Fattah Atia
ISSN 2394-966X
International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences
Novelty Journals

Abstract: Fresh fruit juices are well recognized for their nutritive value. In many tropical countries they are common man’s beverages and are sold at all public places including along the streets. Although they are healthy and nutritious, the methods used for their extraction are unhygienic and the utensils are quickly and carelessly cleaned thereby causing contamination by disease causing microbes, resulting in food borne diseases. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli is one such bacterial foodborne pathogens of significance. It is the leading cause of diarrhea in the developing world where there is inadequate clean water and poor sanitation. ETEC diarrhea occurs in all age groups, but mortality is most common in infants, particularly in the most undernourished or malnourished infants in developing nations. It is also the most frequent bacterial cause of diarrhea in traveler's. ETEC infection occurs through consumption of contaminated food or water.  Rapid and specific detection of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in food is critical for the management of the food-borne diarrheal diseases threatening human lives. Conventional methods for detection of ETEC involve enrichment and biochemical identification which are time consuming and less sensitive. Polymerase Chain Reaction, using specific primers is a powerful molecular technique for rapid and accurate detection of ETEC. The present study aims to detect ETEC bearing virulent signature gene LT1 in food samples. Street sold fruit juices were purchased from the venders in the streets of Homa bay town. Multigenomic DNA templates were prepared by boiling prep and purified using Sodium acetate-ethanol method. This was followed by PCR targeting the LT1 gene to detect ETEC in food samples. The reference strains (Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli MTCC 723) was used as positive control. Fresh fruit juice samples were analyzed and found contaminated with ETEC. The contaminats’ DNA amplification based assay used here is rapid with high specificity for detection of ETEC in food samples.

Keywords: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, PCR, Food samples.
Title: CULTURE-INDEPENDENT PCR DETECTION OF ENTEROTOXIGENIC Escherichia coli IN STREET VENDED FRESH FRUIT JUICES IN HOMA BAY TOWN, KENYA
Author: Jaleny Ochieng Paul
ISSN 2394-966X
International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences
Novelty Journals