Abstract: Aim: To investigate the pancreatotoxic effect of aqueous extract of Dialium guineense stem bark in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats (n = 35) weighing 160 to 180 g were randomly assigned to seven groups (5 rats per group). One group served as control, while rats in the treatment groups received varied doses of extract (200 - 5000 mg/kg body weight, bwt) for 28 days. Indices of pancreatic function were measured. Results: Percentage increases in body weights of rats treated with aqueous extract of D. guineense stem bark were significantly reduced, relative to the control group (p < 0.05), but there were no significant differences in the relative pancreas weights among the groups (p > 0.05). Treatment with the extract did not elicit any significant differences in the activities of α-amylase as well as pancreatic malondialdehyde (MDA) level among the groups (p > 0.05). Similarly, the extract did not significantly alter the normal architecture of rat pancreas. Conclusion: This study has provided a first time evidence on the innocuous nature of the plant extract on rat pancreas.

Keywords: α-Amylase, Dialium guineense, Histology, Malondialdehyde, Pancreatic function.

Title: Pancreatotoxic Effect of Aqueous Extract of Dialium guineense Stem Bark in Wistar Rats

Author: Abu O.D., Okuo A.V., Ayele P.E.

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                   

ISSN 2394-966X

Vol. 9, Issue 5, September 2022 - October 2022

Page No: 31-37

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 31-October-2022

Abstract: The fight against food contamination by aflatoxins is essential to ensure the food security of populations. Among the control methods currently available, physical control methods such as sorting, washing, roasting have proven their effectiveness in controlling aflatoxins in foods. The objective of this work is to evaluate the influence of groundnut traditional transformation processes on aflatoxin B1 levels in order to propose an effective decontamination method to fight against aflatoxins in households. The samples were taken randomly from the Dapaong market. A total of five (05) samples of groundnut seeds of 10 kg each were taken. The traditional transformation processes such as sorting, roasting, groundnut paste making and groundnut oil extraction were applied on the samples. The results showed that only sorting and roasting are very effective in reducing aflatoxin levels in groundnut seeds. Manual sorting in this study reduced initial aflatoxin levels from 40.12 to 71.09%.  Roasting groundnut seeds at a temperature of 160°C and 180°C for 15 minutes in a preheated roaster reduced aflatoxin levels respectively by 60.71 - 83.57% and 58.33 – 94.28%.  Indeed, a strong positive correlation (R=0.99) is observed between the percentage reduction of aflatoxins, and the roasting time of groundnuts. The groundnut paste and oil extraction processes caused an increase in the aflatoxin B1 contents of the samples by 4.20% - 59.23% and 8.57% - 52.67% respectively.

Keywords: Groundnut; food processing; aflatoxin B1; roasting; manual sorting; Togo; ELISA.

Title: Impact of traditional transformation processes on the level of aflatoxin B1 in groundnut seeds sold in northern Togo

Author: LARE N’pagyendou, PITEKELABOU Rassimwaï, BODJONA B. P. I Tchaou, GAMBOGOU Banfitebiyi, ALI Essohouna, KAROU D. Simplice

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                   

ISSN 2394-966X

Vol. 9, Issue 5, September 2022 - October 2022

Page No: 22-30

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 22-September-2022

Abstract: A convectional plant breeder faces the challenge of how to more effectively and efficiently perform selection and accelerate breeding progress to satisfy the requirements of changing demands for crop cultivars. However, with the development and advancement of molecular marker technology, the fate of plant breeding has shifted from year to year. Recently, different types of molecular markers have been developed, and advancements in sequencing technologies have greatly increased plant improvement. To further our understanding of molecular markers, several reviews have been published in recent decades. However, with the advancement of newly emerging technologies and techniques, the reviewers did not discuss several recently emerged technologies and techniques in plant breeding. Therefore, this article is intended to be reviewed as an overview of recent breakthroughs in DNA markers and their applications in breeding of crops for early and senior researchers with little or no experience with molecular markers. The progress made in molecular plant breeding, genetics, genomic selection, gene pyramiding, MAS, and gene mapping has contributed to a deeper understanding of molecular markers, provided deeper insights into the variability available for crops, and considerably supplemented current breeding techniques. Next-generation sequencing technologies assist in the identification of novel molecular markers for complex and unstructured populations through genotyping-by-sequencing, gene mapping, QTL mapping, and association mapping. Altogether, the classification of molecular markers and their potential application in plants are discussed.

Keywords: Molecular marker, QTL mapping, MAS, genomic selection, genetic marker.

Title: Molecular markers in breeding of crops: recent progress and advancements

Author: Gudeta Dida

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                   

ISSN 2394-966X

Vol. 9, Issue 5, September 2022 - October 2022

Page No: 10-21

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 07-September-2022

Abstract: Phytochemicals are primary or secondary constituent depending on their role during metabolism in plant. The study investigated the quantitative characterization of phytochemicals present in leaves of Justicia carnea. Phytochemical screening of Justicia carnea was done using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC). The quantitative phytochemical screening of  leaves of Justicia carnea indicated in descending order the presence of phytoconstituents; 744.24mg/100g (tanic acid), saponin 449.43mg/100g (Justisci-saponin-1 and sapogenin), sterols 30.58mg/100g (Sitosterol and Campesterol), , glycoside 39.27mg/100g (Kaemaferitrin and 0-sistosterol-3-B-glycoside) , terpenoids 8.55 x 10^-1mg/100g (Beta-amyrin and Alpha-amyrin) , oxalate 102.11ppm and phytate 12.36ppm. Leaves of Justicia carnea contain different phytochemicals with different therapeutic potentials which could serve as precursors in the synthesis of  drugs as well as herbal agents in treatment of diseases.

Keywords: Justicia carnea, phytoconstituent, ethnomedicinal, chromatography.

Title: HPLC, GC QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF PHYTOCHEMICALS IN JUSTICIA CARNEA LEAF

Author: Peters, D.E., Ahaotu, O., Wegwu, M.O.

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                   

ISSN 2394-966X

Vol. 9, Issue 5, September 2022 - October 2022

Page No: 1-9

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 01-September-2022