Abstract: This research was aimed at investigating the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolated from patients’ wounds and hospital environment of Madonna University Teaching Hospital Elele, Rivers State. A total of 100 samples each  comprising of 25 samples of wound swab, sink swabs, dirty waste water samples and sand samples. Samples were cultured on laboratory culture media and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Isolates were identified based on standard microbiological techniques. Thereafter, by disc diffusion methods, isolates were cultured on Muller Hilton agar impregnated with commercial antibiotic discs and incubated for 24hrs and zones of inhibition were recorded in millimeter (mm) to determine antibiotic sensitivity. The data obtained were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and T-test using SPSS version 15. A total of eight species of bacteria were recovered. These included Staphylococcus species 37(36.63 %), Enterobacter species 4(3.96 %), Pseudomonas species 3(2.97%), Escherichia coli 10(9.90 %), Klebsiella species 10(9.90 %), Streptococcus species 4(3.96%), Salmonella species 29(28.71%) and Proteus species 4(3.96%). Staphylococcus species had the highest prevalence (p< 0.05) while Pseudomonas species was significantly lower than others. For Pseudomonas species the most potent antibiotics were streptomycin, ampicillin, peflacine, augmentin and ciprofloxacin with percentage sensitivity 33.33 % while it (Pseudomonas species) was resistant to ceporex, tarivid, septrin and gentamycin. For Staphylococcus species was sensititive to erythromycin with 46.0 % sensitivity and the least potent were norfloxacin and ampiclox with 16.2 %. Generally isolated organisms showed high level resistance to most of the tested antibiotics. Based on the findings, it is therefore recommended that wounds be kept clean to avoid microbial infections and antibiotic prescriptions should be made after sensitivity has be evaluated.

Keywords: Antibiotic, Susceptibility, Wounds, Patients.

Title: ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS’ WOUNDS AND HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENTS OF MADONNA UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL ELELE, RIVERS STATE NIGERIA

Author: Nkwocha, E. A ., Agwunglefa, F. D.^, Ezeonu, I. M

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                   

ISSN 2394-966X

Vol. 9, Issue 4, July 2022 - August 2022

Page No: 62-69

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 29-August-2022

Abstract: In Tanzania, banana breeding and research programs have their efforts focused on breeding for resistance to diseases, pest, and yields. Less or no research has focused on economic impact of local varieties preferred by banana consumers. The banana preferred landrace cultivars (Mchare, Sukari Ndizi, Mzuzu, Ndyali, Nshakala and Ntobe), which are regarded as gold of some tribes are now wiping away. The wiping away is reported due to pest, disease, climate and introduction of new cultivars, therefore demands special research attention. This review used online resource to identify challenges facing banana and plantain varieties that are regarded as gold of some tribe. These banana varieties have proven to fetch higher market prices locally and internationally due to their preferred good qualities and traditional roles. Many banana growing ethnic groups have valued these cultivars as medicinal, main source of special foods and cash, as well as valuable item used in traditional and cultural events besides being attractive ornamental plants.   Susceptibility of these varieties to disease and pests, low yield traits together with lack of proper research attention, makes them slowly disappearing in the banana production eco-system.  This calls for attention to all banana Stakeholders to come together and find out a proper link between the breeding and end users (consumers and market stakeholders), that will make these banana as key commodities to be researched so that their contribution to rural poverty eradication can be realized.

Keywords: Cultivar, Stakeholders, Pest, Disease, Diploid, Polyploid, Inter and intraspecific Hybridization, Pseudocercospora fijiensis, Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana.

Title: THE REVIEW ON THE IMPORTANCE OF BANANA AND PLANTAIN VARIETIES THAT WERE/ARE REGARDED AS THE GOLD OF SOME TRIBES IN TANZANIA

Author: Kennedy Elisha, Jomanga, Shija Shilunga, Lucas, Ashiraf Rweyemela, Mgenzi, Rosemary Frank, Simba

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                   

ISSN 2394-966X

Vol. 9, Issue 4, July 2022 - August 2022

Page No: 50-61

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 25-August-2022

Abstract: Though cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.)Walp) possess several nutritional values its mode of pollination is fraught with some forms of confusion. Attempt to ascertain the role of insect visitors on the plant led to collection of seeds from flowers visited by bee species known as Megachile (experimental plants) and flowers not visited by any organism (control plants). The seeds were re-sown to determine the influence of Megachile on nutrient contents of the seeds of the progenies. Nutrient analysis of the seeds from the progenies was done. Mean values were compared with paired t-test and Pearson correlation. Higher starch (carbohydrate) (362.6±0.40mg/Kg to 374.4±0.28 mg/Kg) values were recorded for progenies of control than the experimental plants (340.4±0.44mg/Kg to 352.9±0.27 mg/Kg). Differences between means were highly significant (t = 16.91; P < 0.00; df = 17). Mean calcium, phosphorus and protein values of seeds of the progenies of experimental plants were higher than that of the control plants. There was very strong positive correlation between protein and starch (r = 0.727; p < 0.01) for the progenies of control, but negative correlation between protein and starch (r = -0.476; P<.05) for experimental plants. In conclusion, visitation of Megachile to a cowpea flower may cause cross-pollination which may induce seeds of the progenies to develop higher calcium, phosphorus and protein values. It is recommended that cowpea farmers should adopt the best pest control measures in order to preserve useful insects to cause cross-pollination.

Keywords: Megachile, fibre, cross-pollination, nutrient, calcium, cowpea.

Title: Effects of Megachile sp, an insect flower visitor on nutrient content of progenies of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp]

Author: Wisdom Harrison Kofi Hordzi

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                   

ISSN 2394-966X

Vol. 9, Issue 4, July 2022 - August 2022

Page No: 39-49

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 18-August-2022

Abstract: This paper study is on preparation of organic composting fertilizers from kitchen waste. India produces around 3000 million tons of organic waste annually. There are various types of waste that is solid, liquid and gases, which are needed to be handled and the solid waste management covers a vast field. A large amount of peel waste is produced from fruit peel, vegetable Peel and household Kitchen. Composting is a good source idea to reduce the amount of solid waste in landfill. Composting is the transformation of the raw organic material into biologically stable, humic substance suitable for a variety of soils and plants uses. The main product of composting is the compost which is rich in plant nutrients. Organic fertilizers are the end products of composting. Organic fertilizers are the natural fertilizer which are made from vegetables, fruit, animals & many more. Organic liquid fertilizer increases bio-organic fertility of crop. Utilization of this waste material for productivity process is important for both economic and environmental reasons. Thus, compost and biofertilizers plays important role in growth and development of plants.

Keywords: Biofertilizer, Compost, Soil, Kitchen Waste.

Title: STUDIES ON PREPARATION OF ORGANIC COMPOST AND BIOFERTILIZERS FROM KITCHEN WASTE

Author: Madhuri Maindargikar, Ruturaj Shete, Vijaya Nikam, Vishwashree Vaidya

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                   

ISSN 2394-966X

Vol. 9, Issue 4, July 2022 - August 2022

Page No: 33-38

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 10-August-2022

Abstract: An increase in atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases and associated climatic variability is primarily responsible for inducing high heat waves and drought stress, affecting both plants and animals. Drought stress is one of the finest limitations to global agricultural production due to the problem of the water limiting environment and global climate change. It is critical to determine the plant response mechanisms to drought stress to reduce the impacts of drought stress on plants. Drought response mechanism includes morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes occurs in plants underlying drought stress. These processes include improvement in root structure, leaf structure, osmotic adjustment, relative water content, and stomata regulation. Moreover, calcium and phytohormone (Abscisic acid, Jasmonic acid, Salicylic acid, Auxins, Ethylene, and others) signaling pathways, as well as scavenging of reactive oxygen species are crucial mechanisms to cope with drought stress. To further elucidate and improve drought tolerance in plants, novel emerging approaches of plant breeding and biotechnological methods such as genome-wide association studies, mutational breeding, marker assisted breeding, double haploid production and CRISPR/cas genome editing serve as engineering tools for dissecting the in-depth physiological mechanisms. These techniques have well-established implications to understand plants’ adaptions to develop more tolerant varieties and minimize energy expenditure in response to stress as well as to fill the void that would otherwise result in growth resistance and yield loss. Hereby, this review highlights various mechanisms of drought tolerance and it also discuss new cutting-edge mechanisms of breeding to cope plants with drought stress. 

Keywords: Drought tolerance; CRISPR/Cas9; Antioxidant; Genetic engineering.

Title: Drought tolerance mechanisms and their breeding implications

Author: Gudeta Dida, Birhanu Babiye

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                   

ISSN 2394-966X

Vol. 9, Issue 4, July 2022 - August 2022

Page No: 15-32

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published date: 01-August-2022

Abstract: Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a principal phytohormone, controls several crucial physiological processes of plants. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are naturally occurring soil bacteria that can improve plant growth through phytohormone (IAA) production. The application of herbicides and chemical fertilizers to overcome sorghum production constraints are markedly, but those chemicals have negative side effects. The current study was conducted with the objective of isolation of IAA produced sorghum rhizospheric bacteria and optimize for IAA production potential at different concentration of tryptophan and evaluation of IAA produced bacteria at greenhouse for sorghum growth performance potential.  So that, in this study a total of 73 sorghum rhizobacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of 12 sorghum genotype by cultivating using 3 soil samples from the northern part of Ethiopia. Isolated bacteria were tested for IAA production trait at different concentration of tryptophan. From the isolated 73 sorghum rhizospheric bacteria 18 isolates able to produced IAA at different concentration of tryptophan. The greatest IAA production was scored at 100 mg/L of tryptophan and the lowest production of IAA was scored at 150 mg/L of tryptophan. Accordingly, the selected 18(eighteen) potential  bacteria were tested for greenhouse experiment using completely randomized design and all 18 isolates were significantly increased all the agronomic parameter as compared to the control such as plant shoot height, plant shoot fresh and dry weight, root length, root fresh and dry weight  at p < 0.01 and P ≤ 0.001. Two isolates G₆E₂₉ and G₄E₁₉ had highest IAA production potential and significantly increased all the parameter but two isolates (G₁₂E₁₉ and G₃E₄₀) were statistically non-significant for root fresh weight compared to the control. The selected 18 potential isolates were grouped at Pseudomonas genera. Thus, the use of potential IAA produced and plant growth promoting sorghum rhizosphere bacteria to improve sorghum production and productivity in Ethiopia could be useful. However, further molecular identification and evaluation of the isolates exhibited multiple plant growth promoting traits on plant-microbe interaction for economic crop of Ethiopia is needed to uncover their efficacy as effective plant growth promoting rhizosphere bacteria. Therefore, this isolate could be a prospective candidate to be employed as biofertilizers.

Keywords: IAA; phytohormone; sorghum; and Micro biome.

Title: Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) Production from Sorghum Rhizosphere Bacteria in Ethiopia

Author: Birhanu Babiye

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                   

ISSN 2394-966X

Vol. 9, Issue 4, July 2022 - August 2022

Page No: 1-14

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published date: 13-July-2022