Abstract: Background: The estimated lifetime prevalence risk of any mental condition is 34%, and the prevalence of mental disorders is on the rise. The Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) is the most popular and reliable theory-based instrument for assessing mental health knowledge. Therefore, this research aimed to validate the Arabic version of the Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) among the Saudi population in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out using a simple random sample of 253 individuals from the general community. MHLS questionnaire with 35 questions was chosen. MHLS was validated using content and construct validity (Confirmatory factor analysis). Results: The modified mental health literacy scale was psychometrically and statistically valid, reliable, and theoretically coherent among the sample under study. A correlation analysis between different constructs, as revealed by CFA, was conducted. Results showed that participants’ attitudes toward mental disorders were positively and significantly associated with identifying mental disorders (r = 0.13, p = 0.049) and attitudes toward individuals with mental disorders (r = 0.20, p = 0.002). Results of the perceived MHL indicated an overall mean MHL score of 3.72 ± 0.46 (out of 5). The domain with the highest mean score was related to the participants’ attitudes towards mental disorders (4.41 ± 0.68), followed by information-seeking towards mental disorders (3.58 ± 0.97), identification of mental disorders (3.38 ± 0.59) and finally participants’ attitudes individuals with mental disorders (3.31 ± 0.79). Conclusion: MHLS in Arabic was valid and reliable to be used in MHL evaluation. The work can assist administrators in developing more effective plans to raise the MHL of the general population and add to the body of evidence currently available for MHL assessment.

Keywords: Validation, Mental health, Literacy, Scale, Saudi Arabia.

Title: Validation of the Arabic Version of the Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) for the general population in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Author: Nahla Hariri, Enas Alfalogy

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                   

ISSN 2394-966X

Vol. 10, Issue 3, May 2023 - June 2023

Page No: 26-35

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 20-June-2023

Abstract: Widespread applications of pesticides such as Lambda cyhalothrin to boost crops production have frequently led to contamination of the fresh water ecosystem in Nigeria. In this study, Clarias gariepinus were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of Lambda-cyhalothrin pesticide.  The 96 h LC₅₀ of lambda cyhalothrin to the fish was estimated at 3.98mgl^-1. Mortality of 100% and 10% were observed in fish exposed to 12.00 mg l^-1 and 1.25 mg l^-1 of Lambda cyhalothrin respectively as compared to no mortality recorded in the control group. Varying degrees of abnormal behaviours like air gulping, hyperactivity, erratic movement, skin discoloration and jerky movements were observed during the 96 h exposure period of the fish to Lambda compared to the control. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the values of water quality assays in control and treated group. Exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of Lambda cyhalothrin at 0, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 mgl^-1 and for 15 days at 5 days intervals that is 5, 10 and 15days led to changes in the antioxidant physiological functions in the fish in comparison to the control. The result for the oxidative biomarkers showed there was increase in the mean values of Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and Reduced glutathione (GR) with increase in the concentration of the toxicant when compared with the control. Also, there was significant decrease in the values of the Super oxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) with lipid peroxidase (LPO) showing no significant difference at P<0.5 with increase in concentrations of the toxicant when compared to the control. The study reports that lambda could cause oxidative and physiological dysfunction in Clarias gariepinus. The biomarkers measured could be useful tools for monitoring effects of other pesticides on aquatic organisms. However, further studies could be done to investigate their mode of action to strike a balance between protection of aquatic biota and discharges of these pesticides and their metabolites to aquatic environments.

Keywords: Impact, Antioxidant parameters, Lambda, pesticide.

Title: IMPACT OF LAMDA LAMDA-CYHALOTHRIN ON THE ANTIOXIDANT PARAMETERS OF Clarias gariepinus

Author: Nwamba, Helen Ogochukwu, Ogbonna Obiageli Annastesia, Anukwu John Uchenna

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                   

ISSN 2394-966X

Vol. 10, Issue 3, May 2023 - June 2023

Page No: 15-25

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 23-May-2023

Abstract: Background: The prefrontal cortex is an area of the brain in the frontal lobe of both cerebral hemispheres that is responsible for decision making, behavior and emotional control (Miller and Cohen, 2001). Exposure to Lead has been linked to neurotoxicity leading to diverse neurological disorders. There are increasing literatures showing medicinal use of Curcuma longa (turmeric), especially in neurological disorders. Aim: This study aims at exploring the ameliorative potency of the aqueous root extract of Curcuma longa (ARECL) on the histology of the prefrontal cortex following lead-acetate induced neurotoxicity. Methodology: Thirty (30) non-pregnant adult female wistar rats (150-200g) were divided into 6 groups of 5 rats each. Group A received only normal saline. Group B received 30mg/kg of lead acetate daily. Each of Groups C-E was all exposed to simultaneous administration of 30mg/kg of lead acetate and 100mg/kg, 300mg/kg and 500mg/kg of ARECL respectively daily. Group F received simultaneous administration of 30mg/kg of lead acetate and 100mg/kg of Vitamin E daily. All administrations were oral and the experiment lasted 24 days. The animals were sacrificed 24 hours after their last treatment via ketamin (100mg/ml) as anaesthesia. The brain was carefully harvested, washed in normal saline and fixed for 24 hours after which the prefrontal cortex was further harvested, fixed accordingly and processed for routine H&E staining. Results: Group B administered with only 30mg/kg of lead-acetate displayed pathologies such as vacuolated cytoplasm, widespread tissue edema and loss of neurons. Similar characteristics were noticed in animal groups C-D. Animal groups E-F displayed the normal histoarchitecture of the prefrontal cortex with no pathologies. Conclusion: The Aqueous root extract of Curcuma longa has ameliorative potency in the management of lead-induced neurotoxicity.

Keywords: Curcuma longa, lead acetate-induced toxicity, prefrontal cortex, wistar rats.

Title: AMELIORATIVE EFFECTS OF THE AQU0EOUS ROOT EXTRACTS OF CURCUMA LONGA (TURMERIC) ON LEAD ACETATE-INDUCED PREFRONTAL CORTEX TOXICITY IN ADULT FEMALE WISTAR RATS

Author: Christian Chiemeka Ozor, Blessing Ngozi Anih

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                   

ISSN 2394-966X

Vol. 10, Issue 3, May 2023 - June 2023

Page No: 8-14

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 12-May-2023

Abstract: Traditional medicine, utilized for thousands of years, relies on herbal remedies. They promote, cure, and rehabilitate health and prevent disease. Over the past few decades, herbal medicines have become increasingly popular, with 80% of people globally using them for primary care. This study was aimed at assessing the genotoxic potential of three medicinal plants: Boswellia dallzieli, Azadirachta indica, and Guiera senegalensis, in healthy liver cells of albino rats using a long-amplicon quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The study was comprised of five groups: four treatment groups and one control group. The rats were randomly assigned to each of the groups and fed with rat food and pure water during the study period. A dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight per day was administered orally to the rats at an interval of 24 hours for fourteen days. The relative amplification across the experimental groups showed no statistically significant variation at 95% confidence level. The highest average relative amplification was 0.997277677 at 0.25 mg/ml of Boswellia dallzielii bark. 0.75 mg/ml yielded the lowest, 0.995462795. The maximum average relative amplification was 0.996370236 for Azadirachta indica leaf extract at 0.25 mg/ml, and the lowest was 0.989110708 at 0.50 mg/ml. At 0.75 mg/ml of Guiera senegalensis bark extract, the average number of undamaged DNA molecules was 0.997277677, while at 0.50 mg/ml, it was 0.991833031. The liver cells showed no concentration-dependent relative amplification or lesion frequency per 10,000 base pairs of the segment of the clusterin gene.

Keywords: Azadirachta indica, Boswellia dallzieli, Concentration-dependent, Guiera senegalensis, Genotoxic, Long-amplicon, Relative amplification.

Title: Assessment of three Herbal Remedies for Genotoxicity in Liver Cells of rats using Long Amplicon Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction

Author: Elisha Victor Zuya, Yakubu Dauda Abubakar

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                   

ISSN 2394-966X

Vol. 10, Issue 3, May 2023 - June 2023

Page No: 1-7

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 09-May-2023