Abstract: Hormonal imbalance is one of the factors which contribute to female infertility. This study was to determine the serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone in female patients with primary infertility in Sokoto. A total of two hundred (200) subjects attending the Gynaecologic clinic of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto were enrolled for the study. One hundred women age 19-35 years were subjects for the study. Another one hundred (100) women age and sex-matched apparently fertile were controls for the study. A consecutive sample of 4ml of blood was collected from one hundred (100) female patients with primary infertility into a red cap plain container between day 2 to day 6 while that of controls was collected in mid-luteal phase (day 21). Microplate Immuno Enzymometric Assay (IEMA/ELISA) technique was used for the analysis of the hormone. The results were expressed as Mean ±SEM using Microsoft Excel Analyse-it 2013. Student’s T-test was used to compare the differences between subjects and controls. FSH (U/l) value for subjects was 22.02±0.753 and control 8.362±0.4678 (p=0.0001) which showed a significant differences. The study revealed an increase in the value of follicle stimulating hormone of patients compare to their corresponding controls. This signifies that hormonal imbalance in women could be attributable to their primary infertility.

Keywords: Follicle stimulating hormone, Infertility, ELISA, Blood.
Title: Serum Follicle Stimulating Hormone Levels in Female Patients with Primary Infertility in Sokoto
Author: Muhammad N B, Bashiru I, Asokan C
ISSN 2394-966X
International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences
Novelty Journals

Abstract: Antioxidants are molecules capable of slowing or preventing the oxidation of other damaging oxidants. The antioxidant potential of many flavonoid containing plants is increasingly being exploited in therapy. Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) is one of the most widely used nutraceuticals, used traditionally to combat various illnesses due to its high flavonoid contents.The present study was aimed at evaluating the ameliorative effect of co-administration of HS and vitamin E on sub-chronic carbamazepine (CBZ)-induced oxidative stress and alterations in semen antioxidants characteristics. Thirty young male Wistar rats were divided at random into five groups containing 6 rats per groups. Group I and II were administered normal saline and carbamazepine (20 mg /kg), respectively, while group III was treated with CBZ and aqueous extract of Hibiscus Sabdariffa (200 mg/kg); group IV was treated with CBZ and vitamin E (VE) 30 minutes after treatment with CBZ. The regimens were administered orally by gavage once daily for a period of 8 weeks. At the end of the treatment, four animals from each group were randomly selected and sacrificed by jugular fenestration.

Keywords: Carbamazepine, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, Hibiscus sabdariffa, osmotic fragility, superoxide dismutase and vitamin E.
Title: Antioxidant Effect of Co-Administration of Aqueous Extract of Hibiscus Sabdariffa Linn (Malvaceae) Calyx and Vitamin E on Carbamazepine-Induced Testicular Changes in Adult Wistar Rats
Author: I. Suleiman, J.O Ayo, M. U. Kawu, Y. Tanko1, M. Shittu, L.S. Yakub
ISSN 2394-966X
International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences
Novelty Journals

Abstract: Reserve forests are major reporting for the survival of many valuable herb and shrub population. Through, the present study found that low rainfall and anthropogenic pressure loaded presences on the distribution pattern and dynamix of many herbs of  pachamalai vegetation. A minimum number of herb diversity was observed in kanapadi mainly due man –made activities.

Keywords: Population, Diversity Index, Herb, Shrub, Pachamalai, Rainfall.
Title: Population Dynamix and the Distribution Pattern of Vegetation in Pachamalai Hills, Tiruchirappalli Districts, Tamil Nadu, India
Author: Marimuthu.C, Nandagopalan. V
ISSN 2394-966X
International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences
Novelty Journals

Abstract: We evaluated the efficacy of water-dispersible granular (WDG), donut shape Mosquito Dunk, formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis Bti: 7000 ITU/mg, Summit Chemicals Baltimore) for the control of mosquito larvae in a Dengue-endemic area of Nathuduwa, Kelaniya, located in the district of Gampaha Sri Lanaka (situated at 6.96 North Latitude, 79.9 East Longitude and 4 meters Elevation above the sea level). In this study we introduced and used 8” diameter, 8” hight, black color plastic containers filled with 2/3 of de-chlorinated water and applied ¼ (3.25g) of Mosquito Dunk (Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis) as a trap and kept 1 month time in front of houses (outdoor, single trap/ house) in the study area.
Efficiency and residual effects assess in lab and open field. Formulation of Mosquito Dunk showed high susceptibility of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. A dosage of ¼ dunk was sufficient to suppress fully larval population in the trap for 30 days (1 month). However it showed significant drop of adult mosquito population and each household effectively eliminated larval population without environmental impact. We conclude that the main Dengue vectors of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus larvae highly susceptible to this microbial agent.

Keywords: Bacillus thurngiensis var. israelensis (Bti), larvae, biological, mosquito, Dengue.
Title: Application of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis as a Trap against Dengue Vectors of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus Populations and Impact on Dengue Transmission
Author: ESHANTHA DE SILVA, MERVIN B WICKRAMASINGHE
ISSN 2394-966X
International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences
Novelty Journals

Abstract: Anthropogenic stresses alter different biochemical and physiological parameters in an organism. Measurement of these changes can be used to assess the health of the fish under study. In this study fishes (Labeo rohita) were collected from three different wetlands (Bhomra beel, Mathura beel and Kalyani lake), situated in the same geographical region but possessing different levels of anthropogenic threats. Fish health was monitored by examining changes in blood hematological parameters (Red blood cell count, hemoglobin, mean cellular hemoglobin content, mean cellular hemoglobin concentration, WBC count) as well as hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity & liver histology. SOD showed significant up regulation in response to oxidative stress. In this comparative study SOD activity showed more changes in mostly polluted wetland i.e., Kalyani Lake. In this study, liver histology showed few notable changes. Level of anaemia and leucocytosis was maximum in Kalyani lake and minimum in Bhomra beel. Comparison of liver histology among the three beels revealed more distinct apoptotic & necrotic changes along with periductular fibrosis and melanomacrophage centers in carps’ liver tissue samples collected from Kalyani Lake. It further reinforces the hypothesis of presence of more stressors in that particular polluted wetland i.e., Kalyani Lake.

Keywords: Anthropogenic, Haematological, Polluted, Leucocytosis, Melanomacrophage, Anaemia, Superoxide dismutase.
Title: Alteration of Fish Physiology as Indicator of Anthropogenic Stress
Author: Sangita Samadder, Sandip Chakraborty, Chanchal K. Manna
ISSN 2394-966X
International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences
Novelty Journals

Abstract: Anthropogenic stresses alter different biochemical and physiological parameters in an organism. Measurement of these changes can be used to assess the health of the fish under study. In this study fishes (Labeo rohita) were collected from three different wetlands (Bhomra beel, Mathura beel and Kalyani lake), situated in the same geographical region but possessing different levels of anthropogenic threats. Fish health was monitored by examining changes in blood hematological parameters (Red blood cell count, hemoglobin, mean cellular hemoglobin content, mean cellular hemoglobin concentration, WBC count) as well as hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity & liver histology. SOD showed significant up regulation in response to oxidative stress. In this comparative study SOD activity showed more changes in mostly polluted wetland i.e., Kalyani Lake. In this study, liver histology showed few notable changes. Level of anaemia and leucocytosis was maximum in Kalyani lake and minimum in Bhomra beel. Comparison of liver histology among the three beels revealed more distinct apoptotic & necrotic changes along with periductular fibrosis and melanomacrophage centers in carps’ liver tissue samples collected from Kalyani Lake. It further reinforces the hypothesis of presence of more stressors in that particular polluted wetland i.e., Kalyani Lake.

Keywords: Anthropogenic, Haematological, Polluted, Leucocytosis, Melanomacrophage, Anaemia, Superoxide dismutase.
Title: Alteration of Fish Physiology as Indicator of Anthropogenic Stress
Author: Sangita Samadder, Sandip Chakraborty, Chanchal K. Manna
ISSN 2394-966X
International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences
Novelty Journals

Abstract: The objective of the study was to record the diversity and abundance of butterflies in the Kaudulla National Park (KNP) during the rainy (January to April) and the dry season (June to September). Two sites viz. the entrance area and along the roadside were selected. A linear transect was used for sampling and all the sighted butterflies were identified. The census was carried out from 7.00 am to 5.00 pm. Shannon index (H’) was used to compare the diversity within sites. The student t-test was used to test the significance of the variation in the number of individuals present between sites. Twenty three species were recorded representing four families viz. Nymphalidae, Papilionidae, Lycaenidae and Pieridae. The number of species recorded in both sites were similar while the habitat along the roadside recorded higher number of individuals and diversity in both wet (H’= 2.301) and dry (H’= 1.7323) periods compared to the wet (H’=1.300) and dry (H’=0.673) periods in entrance area. However, there is no significant difference in the number of individuals between sites. Two peak visitations were recorded in the morning and the afternoon. The census indicates a gradual increase in species diversity and abundance from January to April, followed by a decline in May. A gradual decrease in rainfall and increase in temperature followed a sudden increase in wind speed may have led to the disappearance of the annual green vegetation in May and this could be attributed for low abundance of butterflies in May.

Keywords: Abundance, Butterfly, Diversity, Kaudulla National Park, Seasonality, Visitation.
Title: Diversity and Abundance of Butterfly Fauna at the Kaudulla National Park
Author: L.M.S. De Mel, K.Yakandawala
ISSN 2394-966X
International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences
Novelty Journals