Abstract:Land degradation in Ethiopia is a serious constraints and causes for soil fertility depletion and results low production of Agriculture. However, it is possible to tackle such problem by using different SWC measures and knowing its status. Nevertheless, the performance of soil and water conservation structures has not been well studied in the study area. Therefore, this study was conducted in Humbo woreda of two Watersheds, southern Ethiopia to evaluate the effect of soil and water conservation structures in selected soil physiochemical properties. Cultivated fields treated soil bund, Fanyajuu and Trench structures were compared with non-conserved cultivated land (control). A total of 16 soil samples were collected from the top 20 cm soil depth replicated three times. The collected data from soil parameter was analyzed by using SAS soft-wares. The results of the experimental study showed that textural fractions of sand, clay and silt showed no significant variation (p < 0.05) with the conserved and non-conserved treatments. Soil organic carbons (SOC), total nitrogen (N), Available P, Exchangeable K and Bulk density (Bd) were significantly (p≤0.05) affected by the soil conservation measures. Soil organic carbon and total N were higher while bulk density was lower in soils of the conserved fields compared to fields without conservation structure. Similarly, all the treatments in the study area were showed non-significant difference among the mean values of exchangeable Ca++, K+, Mg++, Na+ and sum of exchangeable bases. Soil properties were in good conditions in the conserved areas with higher SOC, N and lower BD which were indicators of a fertile soil compared to the non-conserved plots. Therefore, it could be concluded that Faynajuu SWC practice was better in low land area and Trench SWC practice was better in mid-high land of the studied watershed.
Keywords: Soil bund, Faynajuu, Trench and soil physiochemical properties.

Title:Evaluation of Soil and Water Conservation Measures on Physico-Chemical Properties of two Watershed in Humbo Woreda, Southern Ethiopia
Author:Meseret Melilo, Dawit Dalga
ISSN 2394-966X
International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                    
Novelty Journals

Abstract:The experiment was conducted at Holetta Research Center to identify low cost and efficient lining material for seepage control on water harvesting structures. Three year (2014-2016) field experiment was implemented to analyze the effect of different lining materials on water storage ability of water harvesting structures. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. Four treatments namely;T1 (Mortar), T2 (Ash), T3 (Compaction), T4 (Bentonite) were used for the study. The daily water depth was measured and the seepage rate was calculated. Then, the data was analyzed using SAS. The overall analysis for the three years data showed a high significance difference (<0.01%). The seepage rate of Treatment 4(Bentonite) is 37.60cm/day which is about 58% lower than the highest seepage rate. The economical analysis of the lining materials were performed by calculating and comparing the cost and benefit of each treatment. The cost of the treatment includes material and labor cost. The Benefit is evaluated based on their storage capability or seepage rate. The higher cost is obtained when using mortar which is 1706.33 birr/ m³ where as the least cost (150 birr/m3) is obtained when using compaction alone. The cost analysis for lining material showed that the mortar costs higher during execute of the experiment years and the cost of compaction are least. The three years data showed that bentonite have a least seepage rate and it can hold water for a longer period. Comparing the installation cost, bentonite is not the least price but it is about 75% less than the highest price. Therefore, both the physical and cost benefit analysis indicated that bentonite performs best to harvest water for a longer period and to minimize seepage lost under the bed of the water harvesting structures and itis recommended for soil characters related to the study area considering least seepage rate and affordable price. Further study on different soil characters and climatic condition is recommended to verify and expand the result.

Keywords:Bentonite, efficient, lining materials, low cost, seepage rate, water harvesting.
Title:Low cost and Efficient Lining Material for Seepage Lose Control on Water Harvesting Structures at Holetta Catchment, Ethiopia
Author:Mahtsente Tibebe, Kidist H/Michael
ISSN 2394-966X
International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                    
Novelty Journals

Abstract:Maxillary sinus (MS) pathosis may have various origins, including odontogenic origin. This study aimed to correlate between MS pathosis and size of periapical lesions (PLs) related to maxillary posterior teeth by evaluating cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images obtained from an archived collection.Methods: The study sample was composed of Maxillary posterior CBCT scans of consecutive patients aged above 18 years having MS pathosis, scans were evaluated retrospectively for the presence of PLs. Sinus pathosis were categorized as mucosal thickening, sinus polyp, antral pseudocyst, nonspecific opacification, periostitis and antral calcification. Periapical radiolucencies were categorized utilizing the CBCT periapical index (CBCTPAI), and the distance between the MS floor and the PL superior border was measured. Data were analyzed at a level of significance set at p<0.05. Results: There was a statistically significant relation between type of MS pathosis and size of PL, mucosal thickening tended to occur more in case of PL with large dimension (score 4 or more), however, sinus polyp tended to occur more in case of PL with small dimension (score 3 or less). There was a high statistically significant difference between the means of PL sizes  associated with different types of MS pathosis.
Keywords:Cone Beam Computed Tomography, Maxillary sinus pathosis, Odontogenic sinusitis, Periapical lesion.
Title:Influence of Periapical Lesion Sizes on Different Types of Maxillary Sinus Pathosis using Cone Beam Computed Tomography: A Retrospective Study
Author:Mona Ahmed Elattar, Walaa Mohamed Hamed, Mostafa Saad El-Din Mostafa
ISSN 2394-966X
International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                    
Novelty Journals

Abstract:In this study, the causal agent of Centuarea ragusina wilt disease was recorded for the first time in Egypt. Morphological characterization and DNA sequencing showed that the pathogen was Fusarium solani. A pathogenicity test conducted gave 60 % infection. A pure culture of F. solani was isolated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 25 °C from diseased plants and deposited in the culture collection of the Assiut University Mycological Centre as AUMC 9299 and the ITS sequence was uploaded to GenBank as accession number MG734215.
Keywords: Fusarium solani, Centuarea ragusina, Asteraceae, wilt, AUMC.
Title:Molecular identification and artificial pathogenicity of Fusarium solani; the causal pathogen of wilt on Centaurea ragusina in Egypt
Author:Ramadan A Mohamed, Osama A Al-Bedak, Heba Elsalahy
ISSN 2394-966X
International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                    
Novelty Journals

Abstract:Hepatitis is a disease caused by several types of viruses that infect the liver cells, in particular, leading to morbidity and mortality. Hepatitis B can prevalent in all parts of the world which affects both sexes and all ages and global statistics show that three-quarters of the world are infected with this disease in the period of their lives. Objectives: the aim of this study is to compare HBV markers taken from patients in Mosul. Methods: We evaluate 152 patients presumably with HBV in acute and chronic cases whom have HBsAg positive using ELISA. One step multi HBV markers test device (Immunochromatography) was used in this study. Results: By using ELISA for detecting HBsAg, the numbers and percentages of individuals who gave positive and negative results were 116(76.31%), 36(23.68%) respectively. Results by using HBV markers were: positive and negative results for HBsAg were 116(76.31%), 36 (23.68%), positive results for anti-HBs were 16(10.52%), negative 136(89.47%) with the mean (1.89), positive results for HBeAg were 4(2.63%) and  148(97.36%) negative with the mean (1.9) while for anti-HBe were 86(56.57%) positive,  66(43.42%) negative with the mean (1.43), number and percentage of  positive, negative, mean, and SE results for anti-HBc total were 118(77.63%), 34(22.36%), (1.22), and ( 0.048). Conclusions:  Using ELISA for detection HBsAg with  the other markers could be a verification and significant for detection disease. Nowadays, These methods are applied in the clinical practice.
Keywords:HBV, ELISA, HBsAg.

Title:Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Markers amongst Patients in Mosul-Iraq
Author:Ali A. Dawood, Eman Y. Thanoon, Fadya F. Mohammed
ISSN 2394-966X
International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences
Novelty Journals

Abstract:Potato is an important source of energy and micronutrients to most micronutrient malnourished affected population in Ethiopia. The study was conducted to identify the popular potato variety in the centeral high lands of Ethiopia and to determine the nutritional composition and processing quality. Four popular varieties Gudena, Jalena, Belete and Chala were selected .the popular varieties Macro and Micro nutrients composition of raw peeled potato were evaluated .Significant (p<0.05) variation between the varieties were observed especially in dry matter, protein, fat and potassium content. All the four variety had high level of potassium and sodium. The nutrient composition and sensory evaluation among the four variety Gudena had high level of protein,Iron and potassium. Jalena had high level of zinc where as Belete had preferred appreance and taste for French fries. Therefore the four popular potato varieties can be utilized in the processed form to fulfill the daily requirement of nutrients.

Keywords:Potato Variety, Nutrients contents, processing, Mineral content.
Title:Assessment of Potato quality and sensory Acceptability in the central High lands of Ethiopia
Author:Biadge Kefale
ISSN 2394-966X
International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences
Novelty Journals

Abstract:Septoria tritici blotch (STB) is an economically important foliar disease in the major wheat-growing areas of Ethiopia. The current research was conducted to determine the incidence and severity of STB in the central highlands of Ethiopia. A total of 59 wheat fields were surveyed in 27 districts of three administrative zones i.e. South west, west and North shewa zones. The overall mean incidence of STB across the three zones varied from 52 to 75 %.  Similarly, mean severity ranged from 45 to 83 %. The present findings confirmed the importance of STB in Ethiopia.

Keywords:Bread wheat, Disease survey, Central Highlands of Ethiopia, Septoria tritici Blotch.
Title:Survey of Septoria Tritici Blotch (Septoria tritici) of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia
Author:Yitagesu Tadesse, Alemayehu Chala, Bekele Kassa
ISSN 2394-966X
International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences
Novelty Journals

Abstract:Septoria tritici blotch (STB) is an economically important foliar disease in the major wheat-growing areas of Ethiopia. The current research was conducted to determine the impact of wheat varieties and fungicides on disease development and wheat yield. Besides, the effect of bread wheat varieties and fungicides on STB development, wheat yield was evaluated at Holleta and Kulumsa in a factorial field experiment involving three bread wheat varieties and six fungicide spray schedules. At Holetta,variety Kekeba had the highest AUDPC (2548) value followed by Madawalabu and Alidoro; whereas at Kulumsa the highest AUDPC (1509) was recorded on variety Madawalabu followed by  Alidoro and Kekeba varieties. STB incidence and severity were significantly reduced by the application of fungicides across varieties but fungicide-variety combinations had differential effects on disease development. Wheat grain yields were the lowest from unsprayed plots regardless of variety and location.  Kekeba variety treated with Mancozeb-Tilt-Mancozeb-Tilt (MTMT) fungicide combination produced the highest yield (5.05t/ha). The highest (577.31%) and lowest (-19.95%) marginal rate of return were obtained from Tilt and MTMT sprayed fields at Holetta planted with Kekeba and Madawalabu varieties, respectively. On the other hand, at Kulumsa, the highest marginal rate of return (886.88%) and the lowest marginal rate of return (-63.98%) was obtained from Tilt and Mancozeb sprays on Madawalabu and Alidoro varieties, respectively. The present findings confirmed the importance of STB in Ethiopia and the role fungicides play in managing the disease on partially resistant varieties.
Keywords:AUDPC, Bread wheat, Cost-benefit analysis, Septoria tritici Blotch.
Title:MANAGEMENT OF SEPTORIA TRITICI BLOTCH (Septoria tritici) OF BREAD WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS OF ETHIOPIA

Author:Yitagesu Tadesse, Alemayehu Chala, Bekele Kassa
ISSN 2394-966X
International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences
Novelty Journals