Abstract: This study is an application of financial mathematics in determining the buying pattern of customers in the bank. The study was conducted by focusing on the pattern of currency purchase by customers by using Planned Behavior Theory (TPB) to determine which factors (customer attitude; subjective norms and behavioral control) influence the pattern of currency buying in Commercial Banks. This study was conducted on Trade that operate in Melaka only. Study design conducted for a survey study involving 200 respondents in Trade. The findings of the study indicate that there is a significant value for attitudes, subjective norms and behavioral control in influencing the pattern of currency purchases in banks. Although these three factors impact consumer purchasing decisions, studies prove that, these three variables have a relationship to currency purchases which is the most important factor. In conclusion, the application of financial mathematics assists customers in determining the transactions of the currency in the bank.

Keywords: Attitude, behavioral control, customers, currency, subjective norms.

Title: FINANCIAL MATHEMATICS APPLICATION OF FACTORS AFFECTING TRADE BANK PURCHASE FOR CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATES

Author: Sagundala A/P Pune Silva, Siti Mistima Maat

ISSN 2394-9716

International Journal of Novel Research in Interdisciplinary Studies

Novelty Journals

Abstract: The paper will capture the fundamental essence of governance of Corporate Group Structure and focus on the meaning of separate legal persons as provided by ss. 15 and 16 of the companies Act 2006 and judicially demonstrated in the landmark decision in Salomon v Salomon (1897) A.C. 22. The consequence of separate legal personality will be conceptualised. In other words, the dual nature of a company as an association of its incorporators and a person different from its shareholders will be pointed out.

This paper will strive to examine various theories that justify the lifting of the corporate veil. Theories like sham or fraud exception to the veil of incorporation as in Gilford Motors Co. V Horrne (1933) Ch.935 will be reviewed.

Indeed, a critical analysis will be made on why there is no generally accepted principle for the lifting of the corporate veil. More so, the controversy surrounding the lifting the veil in a group of companies where there are a parent and subsidiary relationships as in Adams V Cape Industries P.L.C.: (1990) Ch. 433; D.H.N. Food Distributors Ltd V Tower Hamlets Borough Council will be critically examined.

The ad hoc approach by the parliament in the enacting more dynamic legislation in this area of law as if Salomon V Salomon is sacrosanct will be discussed. The courts have equally adopted a relaxed attitude towards determining the validity of the conduct of corporate managers who evade liabilities under the guise of separate legal person- Marc Moore (2006), 180-203.

As far as the company in a group is concerned, a strong argument will be put forward on the need for the U.K. to toe the line of other E.U. countries like Germany and Portugal. They are now tilting towards joint economic enterprise, which makes it mandatory for parent companies to guarantee the liabilities of the subsidiary. Likewise, the E.C. Ninth Draft Directive proposed reform in the company broadly on the same lines - Birds. J. et al. (2007), page 81.

Equally, a critical analysis will be made on the duties of directors as provided in Companies Act 2006 ss. 171-177 to examine how effective these duties are, especially in respect of the relationship between the parent company and subsidiaries.

Again the effectiveness of the power of the shareholders to check the excess of directors will be given a critique. For example, how the Foss V Harbottle (1843) 2 Hare 461 rule affects a minority shareholder with particular emphasis on the relationship with the parent company and its subsidiaries. Also, the effectiveness of the minority shareholders remedy as provided by companies Act 2006, ss.260-264 (statutory derivative claims by members), and companies Act 2006, s.994 (protection of members from unfair prejudice), will be critically examined.

Finally, relevant questions will be asked on the way forward, and suggestions will be made to that effect.

Keywords: Corporate group structure; Companies Act; Corporate veil; Separate legal person and Corporate Managers.

Title: Critical Analysis of Corporate Group Structure

Author: Isaac Olaitan Okeya, Abiodun Thomas Ogundele, Dr. David Funso Dare

ISSN 2394-9716

International Journal of Novel Research in Interdisciplinary Studies

Novelty Journals

Abstract: The pod borer, H. armigera was found as major insect pest attacking pigeonpea in New Halfa, Sudan. The objective of this study was to determine parasitoids of H. armigera infesting Pigeonpea. Larvae of this pest were collected from Pigeonpea fields, during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 Pigeonpea growing seasons. Two species of tachinid parasitoids were detected and identified as, Palexorista ( Sturmia ) inconspicua  and Tachina spp. Total means of parasitism rates by P. incospicua and Tachina spp. were 7.99%   and 4.78% respectively during the first season. Total means of parasitism rates were 6.06% and 2.78% during the second season respectively. 

Title: Parasitoids of pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) Lepidoptera: Noctuidae attacking pigeonpea in New Half, Eastern Sudan

Author: Hussein Abd El kareem Mohamed, Aiman Zien El abdien Ali

ISSN 2394-9716

International Journal of Novel Research in Interdisciplinary Studies

Novelty Journals

Abstract:Every human being is essentially a leader. The role of leaders in organizations is important, the most important is when making decisions for organizations. The leader becomes an important key and spearhead that will indirectly have an impact on the survival of the organization. Being a leader is not easy and not everyone can be a leader. Leaders must have a leadership skills in themselves. Regarding leaders issues, glass ceiling issues are interesting topics to be discussed in the leadership of an organization, which along with the changing times of leadership of a woman in an organization that still needs attention. Women's Leadership, Mayor A, in her profession as a judge and Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI), in a very masculine military court environment became an interesting phenomenon.
Keywords:Glass Ceiling, Gender, Military Court, Military Organization, Female Judge, Female Leader.