Abstract:  Oxidation is accompanied by addition of oxygen or a loss of electron by a species. Aluminium and iron were dominant heavy metals in Bui water bodies. Iron has two oxidation states (Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺). Fe³⁺ is more stable, accounted for by the stability of electrons in its atomic orbitals, whereas the unstable state converts to the more stable form. Oxidation was observed in Bui water sources, very pronounced at Mbiame catchment in Mbven subdivision. The consequence of this oxidation phenomenon was the predominanance of a reddish–brownish colouration. This was glaring as water samples changed colour from greenish to reddish on exposure in a beaker few minutes after sampling indicating intense aerial oxidation. This phenomenon is characteristic of transition metals with variable oxidation states and produce coloured solutions. The process expressed in this article does not compromise water quality. The concentrations Al and Fe remained within suitable limits for water consumption, stipulated in norms such as the World Health Organisation (WHO, 2004, 2008). A paradigm shift is made from the assertion wherein coloured water was generally considered unsuitable for human consumption particularly drinking.
Keywords:water colouration, ferrous and ferric iron, transition metals.

Title:OXIDATION PHENOMENON OF FERROUS TO FERRIC IRON IN WATER SOURCES OF BUI DIVISION, NORTH WEST REGION OF CAMEROON (Case study of Mbiame water catchment)
Author:Fondzenyuy Vitalis Fonfo, Kengni Lucas
ISSN 2394-9716
International Journal of Novel Research in Interdisciplinary Studies
Novelty Journals

Abstract:The study was done in Ejere District of West Shewa Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia. The study aimed at analyzing the profitability of potato production. The study was conducted based on the primary data collected from 120 sample respondents those randomly selected from four potato producing kebele administrations. Descriptive statistics and enterprise budgeting techniques were employed in the analysis. The results descriptive analysis has shown that average size of land allocated for potato was about 0.65 ha whereas average potato yield was about 195 q/ha. From inputs used labor and seed demand the largest share of variable input cost, the cost of labor and seed comprised 29.31% and 26.83%, respectively. The analysis of cost and return shows that potato production profitable. As revealed from the enterprise budgeting result potato production was a profitable were farmers earned a net profit of 29,792.45 ETB at suitable environmental condition. Potato output fetch highest price at off-season time, this an indicator for the necessity of processing and modern storage mechanism. To achieve increment in productivity the use of improved varieties and practices induce the return from the potato output. The result shows there is an opportunity to increase profitability of potato production by making efficient use of resources and technologies. Thus, effort of different stakeholders should focus on generation of improved potato seed, technology transfer and capacitating farmers skills to increase potato productivity and profitability of farmers.
Keywords:Enterprise, Cost, Return, Profitability, Potato, Ejere.

Title:Analysis of the Profitability of Potato Production: The Case of Ejere District, West Shewa Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia
Author:Addisu Getahun Tefera
ISSN 2394-9716
International Journal of Novel Research in Interdisciplinary Studies
Novelty Journals