Abstract: The Vedic caste system can be described as the Indian version of racism and class-distinction based on birth. As to the order of the hierarchy, the ranking is determined by how much power and influence one can muster in political, economic, and social terms. When learning and religious influence dominates, the Brahmin ranks first. When mundane issues, i.e. political, social and monetary concerns dominate, the Vaishya and Shudra rank third and fourth in both versions. The four fold division of the society, a process which started at the end of the early vedic period, became an established fact in the later-vedic society. The Brahmanas, who were only one of the sixteen types of priests, became predominant and, due to the growth of the cult of sacrifice, rose considerably in importance. Sometimes the brahmanas and the kshatriyas confronted each other but it was also realized that the two should cooperate to rule over the rest of society. The higher varna were entitled to upanayana or investiture and the sudra varna was deprived of this as well as the recitation of the Gayatri mantra.

Abstract: Sustainability of service sector led growth of India in the post liberalization period is an area of concern given the standard theory of economic development arising out of the experience of developed nations. The entire sector is flourishing basically depending on the foreign demand with weak domestic production and demand linkages. This is probably accentuating the problem of jobless growth with inflationary pressure and unfavorable BOP situation. Service sector growth led by Domestic Tourism can give expected boost up to the endogenous growth potentiality of the country easing out the dual problem of jobless growth and inflationary pressure. 

Abstract:  A large number of military adventurers of the 18th century of India have left their lasting imprints on the sands of history. Jadunath Sarkar has termed the period between the death of Muhammad shah (1748) and establishment of british suzerainty under Wellesley (1803) as “golden age of foreign mercenaries in India.” Among these hoards of mercenaries an illuminated name is that of Begum Samru of Sardnana. The wonderful life-story of this remarkable lady has attracted many a pen in the past –each touching upoin her life and career with newer depth and diversity. As a jagirdaar of the Mughal Emperor of Delhi the Begum Samru was obliged to maintain an army not only for her safety but also to help her sovereign the Mughal Emperor whenever required. Part of her army resided at Sardhana, and another part at Delhi always in attendance upon the Emperor. Apart from the regular army, the Begum also raised irregular troops whenever the need arose. She had a well furnished arsenal and a foundary for manufacturing cannons. These were protected by well fortified walls. Her army was famous as a well disciplined foece, and was composed of infantry, artillery, and a well trained cavalry. Her forces were mostly commanded by European Officers, the most famous among them was a German General Pauli, George Thomas, Levassoult, General Raghalini, also among the officers was the young John Thomas the son of the celebrated General George Thomas.

Abstract: This study was conducted to find out the impact of monitoring and evaluation of developments projects on economic growth in Kenya. The emerging and clear picture in the literature reviewed asserts that the concept of monitoring and evaluation is widely used and that its economic importance and value are increasingly being accepted globally. Data for the research was collected from survey questionnaires distributed to the personnel in the Ministry of Devolution and Planning of Kenya. Binary Probit Model was estimated with implementation status of the projects(Economic Growth) being the dependent variable while training of the personnel, amount of money allocated and spent , stakeholders’ participation in implementation, institutional guidelines and political influence on implementation of monitoring and evaluation being  explanatory variables. The key recommendations from the results indicate that institution and all development stakeholders dealing with monitoring and evaluation systems should continue to invest in improvement of these systems by research and learning as the overarching theme geared towards the success both in implementation and overall policy development.  This will enhance optimal utilization of available resources and thus spur investments for inclusive growth and long term economic growth in Kenya.     

Abstract: The study aimed to ascertain the effectiveness of Development Theatre as channel in dengue prevention campaign and specifically determined the socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge level before their exposure to theatre about  dengue prevention, knowledge level  after exposure to theatre  about dengue prevention, relationship between some socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents and their knowledge level after their exposure  to theatre, difference in the knowledge level of the respondents on the effectiveness of development  theatre as channel in dengue prevention campaign, and the suggested activities of the respondents to be conducted in order to prevent the occurrence of dengue in the area. Most of the respondents were females (69%); married (76%) with ages belonged to 36-40 years old (55%), belonged to Cebuano tribe with educational attainment either high school level or elementary. There was a change or increase in the knowledge level of the respondents after the development theatre presentation on dengue prevention from 741 total pre-test score, to 858 total post-test score. T-test analysis on the significant difference between the pre-test  and post-test scores of the respondents revealed significance  of the T-value  from the pre-test and the post test is equal to 7.24,  which was higher than the level  of significance. There was no significant relationship of some socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents namely sex, age, tribe and educational attainments on their knowledge level on dengue prevention.  Most of the respondents agreed that development theatre was effective channel in dengue prevention campaign based on comprehensibility (98%) acceptability (100%)   self-involvement (94%); and persuasiveness (94-100%).

Abstract: In every Civilized society men and women believe that education is compulsory and necessary for every individual. Generally education is taken to imply passing a college on university examination after pursuing a fixed course of studies. But this general meaning of the term is not appropriate for the educationist.  This study is depends upon eight sections .first section is overview, second defines the concept of education, third explain the meaning of philosophy, the fourth depicts the significance of educational philosophy, the fifth brings out the meaning of religion, the sixth is the meaning of attitude, the seventh section consists the explanation of religious attitude and the eight section briefly states the background of the study.  In the present study 200 students have been taken as sample. While this sample may be enlarged for further study.

Abstract: The main objective of this study was to investigate the extent to which Junior Secondary School social studies teachers promote democratic values in their teaching. It was a case study confined to only two schools of Bokamoso and Nanogang JSS all of which are situated in Gaborone.  The general view of the respondents is that teachers’ efforts in the promotion of democratic values are above average even though it is not to the highest level of expectation.  Group discussions and the inquiry methods were perceived by the respondents to be very instrumental in promotion of democratic values.  It is hoped that the study would provide information that can be useful for social studies teachers to evaluate their teaching in line with the promotion of democratic values. It intends to help them to find effective ways of developing democratic values among students. It is also hoped that teacher-training institutions will find this study very useful in the development of their future teacher training programmes.  The study will add knowledge to the subject area and may trigger more research around the subject. Policy makers, teachers, parents and students will hopefully find this study useful in their pursuit to meet the demands of vision 2016 which intends to build an open, democratic and accountable nation.

Abstract: Rural Indian economy is characterized by demand constrained as well as supply constrained economy. Modern jobless growth of Indian economy is accentuating further problems of our rural economy. In this situation NREGA works were expected to take care of both the sides together. But arbitrariness in selection of total number of work days related with social capital formation, independent of the level of skill formation in the economy, availability of technological inputs will ultimately lead to the suboptimal situation.

Abstract: The study was conducted to determine the Effects of Poster Using Varied Languages on the Knowledge for the Protection of Dugong among Fisher Folks of Dahican Beach, Dahican, Mati City, Davao Oriental.
The data were analyzed using frequency distribution, percentage, mean, and paired t-test. There were 112 sample respondents included in the study.
Results revealed that many of the respondents were on their early adulthood (21-30 years old); majority were females; married and most of them speak Kalagan language (one of the indigenous people in Davao Oriental). Many of the respondents were high school level. Most of them were exposed to printed communication materials.
The knowledge level of the respondents before exposure to posters, showed that they have previous knowledge about the need to protect the sea cow (Mean=4.6) which is near with the perfect mean knowledge score (5.0000). Despite their prior knowledge, post-test results prove that their knowledge level increased after their exposure to informative poster. Thus, poster as a printed medium imparted higher knowledge and created awareness in the protection of sea cow. The use of vernacular language of the target readers further made the medium effective language.
Paired t – test result revealed that there was significant difference before and after exposure of the respondents to instructional posters using vernacular languages (t=5.209) .