Abstract: The conflict between the Government of Colombia (GOC) and the FARC (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia) has been ongoing since 1964 with each succeeding administration seeking a peace agreement that would be acceptable to both parties. A brief synopsis of each administration is provided with relevant and significant events. A theoretical context follows to support the conclusions. The argument put forth here is that there is no “solution” to all the demands of the FARC or the cost that the GOC must endure to ensure domestic security.  What can be expected is a managed negotiation process whereby goals are maximized with minimal risks enjoyed by both disputants.

Keywords: civil war, insurgency, conflict negotiation.
Title: Conflict Resolution Management in Colombia
Author: Sanford R. Silverburg, Davis Brown
ISSN 2394-9694
International Journal of Novel Research in Humanity and Social Sciences
Novelty Journals

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of trainee characteristics towards the effectiveness of transfer of training. The study was conducted in UiTM Shah Alam. Ultimately, this study is aiming to predict the relationship between trainee characteristics and transfer of training. This study has analyzed 176 responses out of 310 by using convenient sampling technique. The primary instrument used was questionnaire whereby the questionnaire has been divided based on three sections which are demographic profile, independent variables and dependent variable. Multivariate analysis of variance using cognitive ability, self-efficacy, motivation and perceived utility of training/instrumentality as independent variables and transfer of training as the dependent variables resulted to have a significant relationship between both variables. It gives prediction to the researcher that employee confidence level on the skills they learned from the training and their abilities to apply the knowledge has derived to the effectiveness of the training in terms of stay up to date on new process, achieve work target, opportunities in different career path and good competitive advantage to the organization for future prospect.
Keywords: trainee, trainee characteristics, transfer of training, knowledge sharing, cognitive ability, self-efficacy.
Title: THE INFLUENCE OF TRAINEE CHARACTERISTICS TOWARDS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TRANSFER OF TRAINING IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR
Author: Nadiah binti Hamzah, Aliza Abu Hassim
ISSN 2394-9694
International Journal of Novel Research in Humanity and Social Sciences
Novelty Journals

Abstract: Since colonial times, the civil service has remained indispensible in the administration of government policies and programmes in Nigeria. Successive governments in the country have relied on this institution as a veritable instrument for both policy advice and implementation. However, shortly after the gubernatorial and presidential elections in 2015, the apparent reality that many states of the federation could no longer pay the salaries and wages of their workers, due to their insolvency became manifest. Although, this situation is not an entirely new phenomenon in the history of Nigeria, the widespread nature of the present scenario is not only unprecedented, but pathetic. The attendant implications have a number of existential crises on public servants generally, and civil servants in particular, who now finds it difficult provide the basic essentials for themselves and their families. The menace of delay and non-payment of wages to civil servants also impacts negatively on state contractors, state institutions and ultimately, the economy, compromising the national security of the country and retarding its development. The study therefore, recommends the drastic reduction in the number of political appointees, the overhaul of the civil service recruitment structure and audit mechanism, as well as the diversification of the economy among others.

Keywords: Civil Service, Historical Perspective, Non-Payment of Wages, Nigeria.
Title: Surviving in the throes of Recession: The Civil Service and the Delay/Non-Payment of Wages in Nigeria
Author: Toyin Abe
ISSN 2394-9694
International Journal of Novel Research in Humanity and Social Sciences
Novelty Journals

Abstract: There are very few ideas which are closely linked with Marxism as the concepts of class and class conflict. Therefore, it is impossible to imagine what a Marxist philosophy of history or a Marxist revolutionary theory would be in their absence. Hence, as with much else in Marxism, these two concepts remain abstruse and contradictory at all times. Some scholars may argue that, Marx didn’t provide any coherent or unique understanding or conception of class and class struggle. In this paper, I would try to explain the origin of the concept of “class” on Marxist theories and how it is developed. The paper argues that in Marxist doctrine, the concept of class is grounded in the process of production and the working class. 

Keywords: Marxism, Class Struggle, Production, Classical Political Theory.
Title: The Concept of “Class” on Marxist Doctrine
Author: Mohamed O. Osman Guudle
ISSN 2394-9694
International Journal of Novel Research in Humanity and Social Sciences
Novelty Journals

Abstract: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is soon set to join 130+ countries across the globe in the application of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Today, all companies in Saudi Arabia, other than banks and insurance companies, must follow accounting standards generally accepted in KSA as issued by the Saudi Organization for Certified Public Accountants (SOCPA). Banks and insurance companies are regulated by the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority (SAMA-the Saudi Arabian central bank) and are already required to comply with IFRS. This is taking place against the assumption that IFRS are irrelevant to developing countries. And that those developing countries adopting it are doing so because IFRS is a product with “network effects.” This contradiction and the question of the relevance of IFRS to Saudi Arabia are examined and explored in this study, using the perception of users and preparers of accounting information and drawing from the economic theory of network. The results of the descriptive study showed that IFRS adoption in Saudi Arabia will have the potential to be beneficial to a wide range of stakeholders. In an era of globalization of businesses and markets, financial information prepared and audited according to national accounting Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) no longer satisfies the needs of users whose decisions are more international in scope. Saudi Arabia has recognized the need to participate in the opportunities offered by globalization and consequently, SOCPA approved an IFRS Convergence Plan.

Keywords: Saudi Arabia, International Financial Reporting Standard, Stakeholders, Challenges, network effects
Title: Expected benefits and challenges of adopting IFRS- A focus on Saudi Arabia
Author: Dr. Jamal Radi El Zoubi
ISSN 2394-9694
International Journal of Novel Research in Humanity and Social Sciences
Novelty Journals

Abstract: Adolescents have been of major interest to various scholarly studies. Seminal works by Erikson suggest that identity exploration predominantly takes place during adolescence. However, the link between religion and identity among adolescents still lacks scholarly attention. With that, the researchers aim to explain the phenomena by generating a new theoretical framework that utilizes Constructivist version of Grounded Theory by Charmaz (2006). In-depth interviews were conducted to 8 Adolescent Born Again Christians which aims to explore their experience of religion. Results indicate an emergent Processural Framework which elaborates the adolescent Christians’ process of life transformation; (1) Latent Self, (2) Experience of Religion, (3) Acts of Negligence, (4) Phases of Adaptation and the dynamic cycle of their identity construction; (1) Extant Self, (2) Strategies, (3) Applied Reasoning, (4) Course of Identity. The study suggests that the role of religion had been evidently vital in the identity-construction of adolescents—especially among Born Again Christians.

Keywords: Adolescent Christians, Born Again, Grounded Theory, Religion, Identity Construction, Stable Phase, Unstable Phase.
Title: The Role of Religion in the Identity Construction of Adolescent Christians
Author: Andrea Louise T. Henera, Ma. Lourdes L. Bayudan, Fredrick Armand V. Buendia, Lisa Marie P. Mendoza, Rudy M. Danganan Jr.
ISSN 2394-9694
International Journal of Novel Research in Humanity and Social Sciences
Novelty Journals

Abstract: Many organizations have to compete with great numbers of competitors especially coping up with the rapid development of technologies and ever changing demand and needs of human. Therefore, the organization must be able to improve their human capital performance productivity with the important element that is the employees’ major support and contribution towards the organization growth. However, lack of management concern towards the low job satisfaction by the employee had led to several of problems such as employee‟s absenteeism, turnover, low performance and tardiness. The purpose of the research was to investigate the relationship that exists between Job Characteristic Model Dimension and job satisfaction. A sample of 164 employees at Shah Alam City Council was considered for this study by using the quota sampling technique. The study had found that there is a relationship between four-factor of Job Characteristic Model Dimension and job satisfaction. Today’s employees are more conscious on job satisfaction where the positive or negative attitudes developed towards their jobs would affect the organization. The result from this research has provided the insight discussion in improving the relationship with employee for future references.

Keywords: Job characteristic model, job satisfaction, skill variety, task identity, task significant.
Title: The Relationship between Job Characteristic Model Dimension and Job Satisfaction at Shah Alam City Council
Author: Aliza Abu Hassim, Sharifah Najwa Syed Abu Bakar
ISSN 2394-9694
International Journal of Novel Research in Humanity and Social Sciences
Novelty Journals