Abstract:The general objective of the study was to assess the effect of leadership styles on employee performance in the Somali National Civil Service Commission. The specific objectives were to assess the effect of transformational leadership, transactional leadership, laissez-faire leadership and servant leadership on employee performance in the Somali National Civil Service Commission. The study adopted a descriptive research design with target population of 50 respondents and a sample size of 44 respondents, primary and secondary data collection methods were used, stratified and random sampling methods were used, data collection instruments were closed questionnaires and lastly the data collected was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively and presented in form of tables, frequencies, means and standard deviations using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. Data was presented in tables and analyzed using mean scores, standard deviation, frequencies and percentages. From the study data analysis and interpretations, the following summary, conclusions and recommendations were drawn; transformational leadership, transactional leadership, laissez-faire leadership and servant leadership were found to play a big role in effect of leadership styles on employee performance in the Somali National Civil Service Commission. Thus the Somalia National Civil Service Commission should encourage the use of transformational leadership, transactional leadership, laissez-faire leadership and servant leadership in employee performance in the Somali National Civil Service Commission so as to enable quality service delivery.

Keywords:leadership styles, employee performance, Somali National Civil Service Commission, transformational leadership, servant leadership.
Title:EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP STYLES ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN THE SOMALI NATIONAL CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION
Author:Hassan Abshirow Mohamed, Dr. Evelyn Datche, Dr. Titus Kisingu
ISSN 2394-9694
International Journal of Novel Research in Humanity and Social Sciences
Novelty Journals

Abstract:Shah’s Slum Child (2010) reflects class distinction and struggle that is a hot issue of the Asian societies. In this way, the novel is read from Marxist perspective. Marxism can be utilized as a suitable device to break down the novel for new interpretations and it is also stressed the destructive impact of capitalism. This study mirrors the struggle of lower class against upper one and unearths the miseries of those poor people called slums. In the novel, Shah raises her voice against the bourgeoisie’s abuse that does not give any opportunity to the average workers for leaving them oppressed and remains them in hopeless condition. The theoretical approach allows the novel for analyzing the uncertain ongoing socio-economic conditions. This study uncovers that the class difference makes this world tight and turmoil for the individuals who work at low level (the low class) and are honored by the individuals who claim for methods of production (the bourgeoisie).

Keywords:Bourgeoisie, Capitalism, Class, Marxism, Slums, Turmoil.
Title:A Marxist Critique on Bina Shah’s Slum Child
Author:Muhammad Asif Asghar, Sana Fatima, Ayesha Hafeez
ISSN 2394-9694
International Journal of Novel Research in Humanity and Social Sciences
Novelty Journals

Abstract:The study sought to investigate the effect of human resource management practices on the performance of employees in the energy Sector in Kenya. The specific objectives were to determine how recruitment and selection, training and development, reward and compensation and employee engagement affects the performance of employees in the energy sector in Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population was a total of 644 employees selected from the respective headquarters of the various agencies within the energy sector in Kenya. The employees were drawn from various Nairobi head office of these agencies. The study applied stratified random sampling technique to select 240 respondents as the sample size for the study. Questionnaires were used as the main data collection instruments and a pilot study was conducted to pretest the questionnaire’s reliability. In addition, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the gathered data and the results were presented on tables, charts and graphs. The major findings of the study revealed that all the independent variables (recruitment and selection practices, HR training and development practices, reward and compensation and employee engagement) had a positive and significant influence on employees’ performance among agencies in energy sector in Kenya. The study concluded that agencies in energy sector in Kenya adopted recruitment and selection practices, HR training and development practices, reward and compensation and finally employee engagements practices that enhanced the performance of their employees. The findings of this study revealed that recruitment and selection practices, HR training and development practices, reward and compensation practices and finally employees’ engagement practices significantly influence employee performance. This study therefore recommends that state authorities such as Public Service Commission through relevant directorate should formulate policies to ensure that all state agencies and institutions have relevant human resources management practices that ensure high employee performance.

Keywords:Development, Engagement, High turnover, Innovativeness, Intellectual engagement, involvement, Performance, Recruitment, remuneration, Return on investments, Reward, Compensation, Training.
Title:EFFECT OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF EMPLOYEES IN THE ENERGY SECTOR IN KENYA
Author:JACQUELINE WANJIRU MUTHONI, DR. SAMSON NYANG’AU PAUL
ISSN 2394-9694
International Journal of Novel Research in Humanity and Social Sciences
Novelty Journals

Abstract:The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of inclusive project design orientation on educational achievements of orphaned learners, from the perspectives of orphaned primary school learners enrolled in 18 community based orphan support projects in Homa Bay County, Kenya. The cross-sectional study was grounded on pragmatism. A total of 363 primary school orphaned learners in classes 4-8 participated in the study. An Orphaned Learners’ Questionnaire was used to collect data. To ensure validity and reliability of the research instruments, pilot testing was conducted in a community based orphan support project in the neigbouring Kisumu County. Cronbach alpha at α =0.05 level of significance was used to compute the reliability coefficient of the pre-test instruments. Inferentially simple and multiple linear regression , and Pearson Correlation Coefficient models were used to determine the extent to which inclusive project design orientation influence orphaned learners’ educational achievements, from the perspectives of the orphaned learners themselves. Tests of statistical assumptions were carried out before data analysis to avoid invalidation of statistical analysis. The hypothesis was tested at α=.05 level of significance. The null hypothesis (H₀1): Inclusive design orientation does not significantly influence orphaned learners’ educational achievements in Homa Bay County) was rejected since (F(10,353)= 10.561, P value=0.000<0.05 . From these results, it was concluded that at least one of the explanatory variables was significantly related to the orphaned learners’ educational achievements. According to the orphaned learners, there was enough statistical evidence to show that Inclusive Design Orientation influenced their educational achievements. It is recommended that orphan support projects should integrate and intensify the use of inclusive project design orientation to ensure sustainable educational achievements for orphaned learners. Since this study delimited itself to orphaned learners’ educational achievements, further research should be carried out to examine the extent to which inclusive project design orientation influence orphaned learners’ test scores in examinable subjects.

Keywords:educational achievements, Orphaned Learners, project design orientation.
Title:Inclusive Project Design Orientation and Orphaned Learners’ Educational Achievements: Perspectives of Orphaned Primary School Learners Enrolled in Orphan Support Projects in Kenya
Author:Abuya Isaac Odhiambo
ISSN 2394-9694
International Journal of Novel Research in Humanity and Social Sciences
Novelty Journals