Abstract:All nurses require development of the teaching skills as a part of their roles; however most of them don’t have any formal instruction on how to teach. Peer teaching is an effective educational approach for nursing students that prepare them for their future role as an educator which involves peers from similar academic groups in reciprocal learning experience where one educate another and the peers learn through gaining teaching experience. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of peer teaching on students' outcome among second year nursing students. Subjects: A random sample of 240 second year nursing students who were enrolled in Medical Surgical Nursing course during the academic year 2016/2017. The study subjects were divided into three groups :peer teachers (20 students) and the other 220 students were divided randomly and alternatively  into two equal groups;  study and control groups (110 students in each group). Setting: The study was conducted at Medical Surgical Nursing department of Faculty of Nursing and Surgical unit of Menoufia University Hospital, Menoufia University. Tools of the study: four tools were utilized for data collection as follow; Tool I: Interviewing questionnaire, tool II: Peer teaching experience questionnaire, Tool III: Performance observational checklist and Tool IV: Clinical teaching preference questionnaire. Results: The total peer teaching experience score was satisfied among 100% of peer teachers. 75.5% of study group and 96.4% of control group had high performance score for measuring central venous pressure, also 86.4% and 87.3% of both study and control groups respectively had high total performance score for electrocardiogram. 60.9% of peer learner students had unsatisfied preference with peer teaching method, while 87.3%of them had satisfied preference with instructor teaching method. Conclusion: Peer teaching is beneficial for peer teachers in gaining satisfied peer teaching experience. Instructor teaching approach is significantly better for performing center venous pressure than peer teaching approach. Students of study group significantly preferred instructor teaching approach than peer teaching approach. Recommendations: Faculty's instructors should make their students as active participants as possible to establish student's self-trust, prevent their fear and master their future role as educators.

Abstract: Low back pain is a common disorder involving the muscles and bones of the back. It affects about 80% of people at some point in their lives. Aim of the study was to determine effect of hot versus cold application on low back pain among patients with disc prolapse. Design a qausi experimental research design was utilized Setting: The study was carried out in neurosurgery out patient's clinic of University and Teaching hospitals of Menoufia governorate, Egypt. Subjects: A random sample of 150 adult patients of both sexes with disc prolapse was selected and assigned alternatively and randomly into three equal groups, 50 patients each. Tools: two tools were used for data collection: Interviewing questionnaire and Visual Analogue pain Scale. Results: There was an improvement in mean total knowledge score about disease process in group I and II from 3.44 and 3.26 before application to 4.8 and 5.8 5 days post application to 6.88 and 7.52 respectively post 2 weeks of application. There was an improvement in mean total knowledge score about compresses application in group I and II from 1.48 and 2.90 before application to 8.58 and 9.10 5 days post application to 9.40 and 9.48 respectively post 2 weeks of application. Also there was a decrease in  pain score  in group I from 7.24 before application to 5.20  5 days post hot application to 4.36   2 weeks  post  application . Conclusions: Total knowledge increased, level of Pain decreased among disc prolapse patients who use hot compresses than those who exposed to cold compresses and routine medical treatment. Recommendations: Supervised health teaching program should be carried out for patients with disc prolapse in the neurosurgery outpatient clinics about effect of hot application to improve their pain.

Abstract:The Nigerian government pledged to mitigate the number of people living with HIV/AIDs. Thus, clinical service has been augmented to meet this challenge; however, it has not been appropriately documented how hospital pharmacists contribute to patient Anti-Retroviral Therapy adherence.
The aim of this study was to learn from pharmacists what factors influenced their service provision and how services could be tailored to facilitate adherence.
In depth interviews were conducted and recorded by voice recorder with 10 HIV pharmacists at Maitama District Hospital in Abuja, and four HIV pharmacists working for the NHS in the UK for comparative purposes.
The pharmacists tried to provide the same type of service that was modelled on pharmaceutical care and were satisfied with the service they provided. They identified high compliance to Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART). The Nigerian pharmacists spoke about obstacles as they had to ration ART since dispensing complete prescriptions over two months for each patient would amount to denying other patients of the ART. They lacked stable power supply, air conditioners and computer software at ART pharmacy unit. They expected the authorities to employ more pharmacists, update pharmacists training, assign them to permanent positions at ART pharmacy unit and wished for greater availability of ART.
Nigerian pharmacist roles and views on the management of HIV patients have been established and pharmacy management of HIV patients at UK NHS hospitals was explored.

Abstract:Burn injury is one of the most common and devastating forms of trauma and a major health problem of pediatric morbidity and mortality worldwide. Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of educational program on self-image and coping strategies among burned children during rehabilitation phase. Design: A quasi-experimental design was used. Setting: The study was conducted at the burn outpatient clinic in Hehia Burn Center at Hehia Central Hospital. Sample: Convenient sample consists of 50 burned children admitted to the burn center, with different degrees of burns. Tools: Four tools were used for data collection included a structured interview questionnaire sheet, the coping with burn questionnaire, self-image assessment scale, and, a constructed educational program interventions. Results: The results of the study revealed that before program implementation, more than half of burned children had unsatisfactory total self-image score and total coping strategies score, these results improved immediately after implementing the educational program. There were statistical significant differences in relation to the total self-image score and total coping strategies score of the burned children throughout the educational program phases. Conclusion: it was concluded that the educational program has a positive effect on burned children's self-image and coping strategies during rehabilitation phase. Recommendation of this study was to structured psycho-educational programs should be done for burned children to provide them with essential knowledge about emotional and psychological problems resulted from burn injury.
Keywords:Burn, Self-image, Coping strategies, rehabilitation phase.
Title: Effect of Educational Program on Self-Image and Coping Strategies among Burned Children during Rehabilitation Phase
Author: Samah M. El-Sayed, Amal M. El-Dakhakhny, Rehab F. Abdel Hady
ISSN 2394-7330
International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing
Novelty Journals

Abstract:The aim of this study was to assess the effect of training Program on School Children with subnormal Intelligence Quotient to improve the cognitive skills. A quasi-experimental study design was selected in carrying out this study and a representative sample of (40 students from Al-Zahraa school, 36 students from El-Nile school, 32 students from Ahmed Orabi School and 44 students from Al-Shaheed Noaman School) were recruited for this study. The tools used for data collection were the Interview questionnaire sheet, Intelligence Quotient test photographer, and Cognitive skills scale. The results of the present study revealed that more than half of students were males. It was found that equal percents 50% of the studied children were living in both rural and urban areas, and the mean IQ score of the studied children was 75.45±5.77. There was a positive relationship between sex, scholastic year, residence as well as IQ & cognitive skills scale. It was found that there was 9.9% of the studied children had a good score on the total cognitive skill domains before implementing the program, on the other hand, after implementing the training program, the percentage was increased to 100% of the students. It can be concluded that the training program for school children with mild and moderate Intelligence quotient had a positive effect on improving their cognitive skills. The study recommended that: - Development of school programs that will strengthen and enrich the intelligence of students such as seminar, workshop, psychological education or therapy.

Keywords:School children, Intelligence quotient, Cognitive skills.
Title: Effect of Training Program on the School Children with Subnormal Intelligence Quotient to Improve Cognitive Skills
Author: Alyaa A. El-ezazy, Amal M. El-Dakhakhny, Saida I. El-Azzab
ISSN 2394-7330
International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing
Novelty Journals

Abstract:The provision of breast milk is essential for preterm infants as it provides unique health benefits that are unmatched by other types of feeding. However, breastfeeding presents unique challenges for preterm infants that include establishing and maintaining the mothers' milk supply and transitioning the infant from gavage feeding to breastfeeding. Objectives: evaluate the impact of breastfeeding education program on mother's knowledge and on preterm infants' outcome. Subjects and method: Α quasi-experimental study was carried out at the Neonatal Intensive Care Units at El-Nаser, General Port Fouаd hospitals and Maternal and Child Health (ΜCΗ) Centers at Port-Said city. The sample comprised 100 neonates and their mothers divided equally into study and control groups. The data were collected using a questionnaire sheet to assess mothers' knowledge related to breastfeeding, neonatal physical assessment (feeding patterns) sheet during hospitalization, and assessment of neonates during follow up period.  Results: The implementation of а well-designed applied intervention program about breast feeding of preterm infant proved to be successful in improving infants' outcomes in terms of breastfeeding. Conclusion: The implementation of а well-designed applied intervention program proved to be successful in improving their knowledge. This was reflected in their practice leading to improved infants' outcomes in terms of breastfeeding. These improvements were retained throughout the four-month follow-up with less gastrointestinal and lower rate of re-hospitalization. Multivariate analysis confirmed the positive independent effect of the intervention on mother's knowledge score. Therefore, the study recommended the implementation of the program on a wider scale to confirm its merits and for further improvement.

Abstract: Medical ultrasound imaging can support physicians with valuable information that can help in the diagnosis of diversity of diseases, and subsequently a successful treatment. The image formation in ultrasound imaging comprises the use acoustic waves through the transmission and receiving of the applied signal through the ultrasound transducer. This received signal initially contributes to the formation of the final ultrasound image. Advantages of medical ultrasound relate to the relatively low cost beside the safety compared to the other radiology imaging techniques that uses ionizing radiation. Improving the image quality will increase the diagnostic outcome. However, the ultrasound image quality may degrade due to many reasons which may varies from the ultrasound machine performance, the applied technique, beside the operator competency. This paper reviews the guidelines and techniques that help to improve the ultrasound image quality and diagnostic outcome in abdominal ultrasonography. This paper covers some of the most important methods for better abdominal ultrasound outcome through reviewing   the accessible globally published literature relating ultrasound-imaging technology with summarizing the essential methods to improve the outcome for better interpretation and diagnosis of the suspected pathology. 

Abstract: To assess the causes of lack of quality of nursing care of patients in Allied Hospital Faisalabad.
Study Design: A cross sectional descriptive study, using questionnaire which assess the causes of lack of quality of nursing care of patients. The study was conducted from February 2017 to May 2017 in Allied Hospital Faisalabad.
Material and Methods: Sample size of 250 Charge Nurses, and data was collected through predesigned questionnaire.
Results: Total of 250femalenurses with mixed age ranging from 21 years to 35 year participated in interview through questionnaire. We found only 43.2% charge nurses satisfied and rest 56.8% regret, not to satisfy with their care to the patients. Data revealed with 70% results that, nurses are the front desk staff to attend patients in hospital. Charge nurses interview data showed 93.6% believed workload is the hindering the quality car while 94.4% answered environmental effects and lack of professional knowledge contributed as 91.2% out of total questionnaires. During research, study conducted for reason of non-availability of staff and found 83.2% due to shortage while 5.6% contributed by late resuming to workstation of nurses. When asked about how to improve the quality care, 74.8% responded to increase the staff per shift and 9.6% favored to increase the service points to handle the patients.  Major factor for shortage of staff nurses discovered less enrolments with 89% support of respondents, for new students due to socio-environment factors for the profession.  
Conclusion: The main purpose of this study is to investigate the prominent causes and effects of lack of quality care of patients. Although hospitals with low nurse staffing levels tend to have higher rates of poor patient outcomes, increasing staffing levels is not easy. Major factors to contributing a low quality of care are due to shortage of nurses and the needs of today's higher acuity patients for more care and found nationwide gap between the number of available positions and the number of registered nurses (RNs) qualified and willing to fill them.

Abstract: Hepatitis C virus is a major public health problem with an estimated 170 million infected person around the world. Nurses play an important role in nursing care of children with Hepatitis C virus under hemodialysis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate nursing intervention protocol for controlling viral hepatitis C infection in pediatric hemodialysis unit materials and method. The study was conducted at The Pediatric Hemodialysis Unit at Tanta university hospital and The dialysis unit at El Minshawy Hospital. A convenient sample of 40 nurses caring for children under hemodialysis participate in this study. Tools for data collection included a structured interview questionnaire & observational checklist & nursing intervention protocol. The study results revealed that there were statistical significant differences in relation to knowledge and practice of the nurses throughout the three phases of nursing intervention. Conclusion. It was concluded that the training program has a positive effect on nurses' knowledge and practice regarding viral hepatitis C infection in children under hemodialysis. Recommendation of this study was to reinforce the need for sustained education and training program for continuous updating nurse's performance about viral hepatitis C infection in children under hemodialysis

Abstract: Chronic renal failure is defined as the inability of the kidneys to do their function. Child with renal failure undergoing hemodialysis therapy requires diet modification.  Aim of the study was to determine the effect of nutrition program on health parameters of children with chronic kidney disease. Materials and method, the study was carried out at Nephrology Unit of Tanta University Hospital. The study involved 50 children and their mothers. Two tools was  used to collect data, tool I: questionnaire sheet designed by the researcher to assess the child’s knowledge and their mother about, renal failure, hemodailysis therapy ,nutritional status, feeding habits, feeding problems and physical activity level. Tool II: Nutritional assessment sheet include physical, physiological assessment sheet, anthropometric measurement, laboratory investigation and daily dietary intake. The main results revealed that there were statistical significant differences in relation to mother s' knowledge and their children throughout the three phases. Most of studied children were suffered from a lot of feeding problem and growth retardation. Conclusion: The program has a positive effect on children knowledge and their mother. Recommendation: Educational programs for children undergoing hemodialysis therapy to provide them with essential knowledge about the disease and its management. Continues counseling should be established on healthy dietary choices and nutritional follow-up at each visit.

Abstract:Current studies about increasing compliance to decrease treatment and healthcare costs have gained more significance. Social support is an important component in the recovery of patients with psychiatric disorders; therefore, it is difficult to ignore its role in improving patient's compliance to treatment. Aims This study aimed to assess the levels of perceived social support, medication compliance and their relationship. Design: The present study follows a cross sectional design. Setting: The study was conducted at the Psychiatric Inpatient Wards of "Tanta University Hospital'' and Psychiatry- Neurology and Neurosurgery Center. Subjects: The study subjects were 144 psychiatric patients. Tools: Tool (1): Socio-demographic data sheet Tool (2): Multidimensional perceived social support scale (MSPSS) developed by (Zimet et al 1988) to measure perceptions of support from 3 sources: Family, Friends, and Significant Others. Tool (3):  Drug attitude inventory (DAI) developed by Hogan et al., 1983 to assesses the patient's compliance response. Results: (74.3%) of patients had a poor social support and only 21.5% of them had good medication compliance. there was a statistical significant correlation between perceived social support and medication compliance  Recommendations:  development of social skills training program for patients with psychiatric disorders aimed to teach them how to obtain help and support from family , friends, and significant others .  Training psychiatric hospital staff to increase their understanding about the importance of their supportive role to provide appropriate nursing intervention for patients with psychiatric disorders.

Abstract: Psychiatric nursing are special areas in terms of interaction and communication with the patient. In order to improve patient care, psychiatric nurses need to develop their empathy skills. Nurses with enhanced empathic abilities can understand the patient and provide the necessary care. Objective: To explore the effect of empathy-based training program on psychiatric nurses’ empathic communication skills nurses. Study design: A quasi experimental design was utilized for this study. Setting This study has been carried out at Tanta Mental Health Hospital. Subjects: The subjects of the study comprised all of the nurses working at the hospital which were 80 nurses and divided randomly into two study and control group (40 nurses for each group). Tools: Three tools were used namely, “socio-demographic and Job characteristics Structured Interview Schedule”, “Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE)”, and “Empathic Communication Skill Scale-(ECSS)”. Results: Results of this study showed a statistical significant difference when comparing control with study group at post test with three months regarding to both level of knowledge about empathy and empathic behavior (P=0.00 for both levels). Conclusion: Passing through empathic communication training program experience brings a positive change and improve nurses’ empathic skills in the study group than control group. Recommendation: Implementing continuous empathic training program is needed to all nurses to maximize nurses’ empathic skills.

Abstract: The main objective of the study was to record the prevalence and intensity of pain in the hemiplegic shoulder in Greek stroke patients, to determine possible factors related to the onset of pain and to investigate its impact on the independence and general health of patients with stroke. Data collection through a questionnaire, consisted of a total of 42 questions. In order to grade the pain intensity of the individuals who participated in this study, surveyed the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). For the degree of independence the Barthel Index (BI) was used and for the general health status, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). The study was conducted from March to July 2017 in rehabilitation centers, in Larissa. Seventy four stroke patients, 41 men and 33 women, participated. Statistical software SPSS-22 was used for statistical analysis. The descriptive statistical analysis method was followed. The minimum value of the statistical significance level, p value, was set at 5%. The prevalence of hemiplegic shoulder pain was estimated at 43% and the intensity was mild. The following were observed: 1) pain is associated with a higher degree of dependence of the patients (p=0.027), 2) pain is correlated with the onset of stroke (p=0.005), 3) between spasticity and intensity of pain a correlation was observed (p=0.006), 4) pain correlates with sensation (p=0.001), 5) correlation was observed between pain and subluxation (p=0.008), and 6) pain correlates with duration of hospitalization (p <0.001).

Abstract: Prematurity is more stressful experience for parents that produce an emotional and behavioral response. The purpose of the study was to “assess the effect of supportive intervention on the stress levels among the parents of premature infants in NICU. Design: Quasi-experimental design (one group pretest- posttest) was used. Setting: This study was conducted at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Menoufia University Hospital, Egypt. All available parents of premature infants in the hospital (50 parents) were included in the study.  A structured questionnaire sheet was used to assess parents' knowledge about prematurity and Parental Stressor Scale NICU was used to assess parents stress levels about premature infants hospitalized in the NICU. Results: The study illustrated that mean and standard deviation of stress was 124.1±12.7 pre- intervention and decreased to 65.6±9.67 post intervention. Conclusions: The supportive intervention was effective in improvement knowledge and decreasing stress level of parents. Recommendation: Educational interventions and coping strategies should be implemented to all parents of premature infants in NICU to improve their awareness about prematurity and dealing with stress.

Abstract: Patient satisfaction from the hospital services remains an important criteria for the well-functioning of an institution. An attempt was made by our institute to get feedback from the patient in this regard. A pilot study was undertaken followed by the detailed study and finally results were analysed to assure the patient grievances were addressed to large extent.
Keywords: neurosurgery Department, neurosurgical OPD.
Title: A Case Study: Directorate General of Khoula Hospital Neurosurgery Department Muscat Oman, Smart Objective to Increase the Patient Satisfaction Rate Up To 80% of Patients in Neurosurgical OPD

Abstract:Congenital malformations contribute a significant proportion of fetal mortality as well as infant morbidity and mortality. It is an intrinsic abnormality of development in a body structure during prenatal life. A congenital anomaly may be viewed as a physical, metabolic or anatomic deviation from the normal pattern of development. There are certain risk factors that can contribute in congenital malformation. Assessing and promoting the awareness of premarital females regarding these risk factors can helps future families to avoid psychosocial problems that result from the presence of the affected child in the family. So, the aim of this study is to assess and promote the awareness of premarital female students regarding risk factors of congenital malformations. Setting: this study was carried out in three non-medical faculties affiliated to Tanta University, Gharbia governorate, Egypt. Subjects: 600 female students from third and fourth grades were selected by stratified random sample technique from previous settings (200 students from each faculty). The final number became 530 after excluding missed cases and incomplete questionnaires. Study tool: A questionnaire sheet was used to collect the necessary data. It consisted of three parts: part (1); socio-demographic characteristics of the studied females, part (2); medical history, part (3); females' awareness regarding risk factors of congenital malformations. Results: the mean age of the studied females was 21.54±0.698years. Slightly less than two thirds (65.3%) of them were from rural areas. The majority (91.5% and 90.4%) of them had moderate social level and did not study the topic of this study before respectively. There was a significant relationship between the age and income of the studied female students and their total level of awareness. There was a positive significant correlation between relatives and media as sources of females' information and their level of awareness. The highest mean scores of females' awareness were related to using drugs during pregnancy, environmental factors, tobacco smoking, exposure to certain substances and nutritional factors. The lowest mean scores of awareness were related to meaning of congenital malformation and its risk factors, probability of discovering the congenital malformation during pregnancy, methods of its prevention, antenatal maternal infections, maternal factors and maternal infectious diseases, hereditary factors and prenatal exposure to certain substances. Conclusion: more than one half (52.8 %) of the studied premarital female students had low level of awareness regarding risk factors of congenital malformations and more than one quarter (26.4%) of them had moderate awareness level. Recommendations: 1) information about risk factors of congenital malformation should be included in school education curriculum, 2) good assessment and evaluation of premarital female adolescents, 3) mass media, relatives and health professionals should assume their roles in promoting the awareness of premarital females regarding risk factors of congenital malformation.

Abstract: Injection applications are the subject of many new researchers in developing countries. Intramuscular injection is a method that is used to deliver drugs to large muscle masses. The dorsogluteal region is a commonly used site for intramuscular injection. Since injection of dorsogluteal region can lead to many complications, especially sciatic injuries, use of the ventrogluteal region as an alternative to this region is recommended. However, it is known that they are not used by the nurses in the clinic because they can not give up the habits of the ventrogluteal region. This review was organized to share the preferred method of training of the ventrogluteal region, one of the intramuscular injection sites, with the training method for updating information using interactive workshop and practice in both blood-based and experienced nurses using e-learning method.

Abstract: All around the world, although enormous technological advancement and improvement of scientific approaches to fight all diseases; especially blood diseases as white blood cell (WBC) disorders,  the people still sick and they need treatment. Since hematopoietic stem cell transplantation started, nurses play an important role on this procedure, qualified nurses involved in every step of the stem cell collection process. They prepared with the knowledge and practice about the cord blood gathering and stem cell banking procedure to do; Otherwise nursesacting an accurate group of functions in stem cell banking, from their understanding the structure of the umbilical cord to defining the sites of obtaining stem cells. Furthermore,  nurses assisting doctors in stem cell infusion procedures. Specialized nursing care, are essential to avoid and manage the predicted and unpredicted complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Abstract: Diabetes is one of the most frequent chronic diseases among elderly which affect their functional ability and Quality of Life (QOL). Assessment of the functional ability of the diabetic elderly is very important in determining their improvement or regression and so plans the needed care. Aim of the study: assess the effect of functional ability on the quality of life of diabetic elderly. Research design: descriptive cross sectional research design. Setting: medical outpatient clinic in Basion center for health insurance at Al Garbia governorate, Egypt. Sample: a number of 200 diagnosed diabetic elderly aged 60 years and over was selected randomly from the previous setting. Tool: a structured interview schedule for elderly functional ability and quality of life was used to collect the data for this study. The tool contained three parts: Part (1); socio-demographic data. Part (2); two instruments were used for measuring functional ability: (a) Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) scale. (b) Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale. Part (3); Older people quality of life questionnaire. Results: most of the studied diabetic elderly were independent in performing ADLs, while a high percentage of them needed help in performing instrumental activities of daily living especially females. Most of the studied diabetic elderly had moderate QOL. Quality of life had significant relation with income, duration of diabetes and blood glucose level. Conclusion and Recommendations: Significant positive relationship was found between the functional abilities of the studied elderly and their QOL. Nurses need to pay attention toward health screening of elderly for early detection of any complications that can affect their functional ability and so QOL.

Abstract: Several studies have shown that obese women are more vulnerable to the development of psychiatric and psychological disorders. Additionally maternal psychosocial stress during pregnancy is associated with risks to maternal health and birth outcomes, and health and behavioral outcomes in offspring. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between obesity and maternal psychological status of pregnant women. This study followed a comparative descriptive design. The study was conducted at antenatal clinic at Tanta University Hospital, The target population include 100 normal pregnant and 100 pregnant obese women who attend at antenatal clinic for receiving antenatal care, Four tools used to collect data for the study, tool I ; Socio-demographic characteristics of the women, tool 2 ;Perceived Anxiety ( HAM-A), Tool 3; Perceived Stress Scale, Tool 4: General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12).  Results of the study indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between normal pregnant women and obese pregnant women at p-value =0.001 in their experience of anxiety during their pregnancy, and in their experience of stress in at p-value =0.003. Also there was a statistically significant relationship between the effect of income on normal pregnant women and obese pregnant women in their experience of anxiety at p-value =0.006 and at p-value =0.044. It was concluded that the obese or normal weight pregnant women with low education, low income, and had no job were more likely to experience severe levels of stress and anxiety, which has more complication for them. The study recommended that a combination of health education with psychological interventions is more effective than information alone to produce significant behavior change.

Abstract: Primary dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecological symptom reported by women and constitutes a high health, social, and economic burden. Complementary and alternative therapies may be adopted as nursing interventions to reduce primary dysmenorrhea and improve productivity, creativity, work performance, and quality of life. Aim of study: To evaluate the effect of acupressure in reducing of primary dysmenorrhea among adolescents girls in Ismailia governorate. Design: Quasi experimental design (pre-posttest design) was adopted. Setting: Technical secondary nursing schools that spread all over Ismailia governorate (AL-Amiry hospital at Ismailia city, Fayed, AL-Mostakbal town, EL-Tallelkabeer, and the west Kantara). Sample: Purposive sample of nursing students having primary dysmenorrhea (congestive and spasmodic) were recruited in this study then assigned into study(intervention) and control group (80 nursing students each). Tools of data collection: Included structured interviewing questionnaire, Faces pain rating scale , The short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire and Flacc pain scales. Results: through three menstrual periods the mean score of menstrual pain was significant in both groups. The mean score of pain was lower in intervention group than control group through three menstrual periods. According to FLACC pain scale, the mean score of pain was 0.11±0.356 in the intervention group versus 6.53 ±1.706in control group in third menstrual cycle after one hour of intervention. All differences after intervention were significant. Conclusion: acupressure was effective in reducing primary dysmenorrhea comparing to hot compression. Recommendation: acupressure should be incorporated in nursing practice as a pain relieving measures for adolescent girls suffering from primary dysmenorrhea.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to identify symptoms of acute stress disorder (ASD) in a cohort of patients with a myocardial infarction and to specify the relationship between resilience and ASD symptoms. During their hospitalization, participants completed the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). According to the results we found that the ¼ of MI patients developed ASD symptoms. There were no significant differentiations in Resilience levels to both patients with and without ASD symptomatology. Only the levels of Acceptance of changes were higher in those without ASD symptoms. Positive acceptance is a key component of resilience, hence, during stressful events like a MI, can lead the patient to recognize his limits and manage his state more effectively.

Abstract: Promotion of health in adolescent females is one of the millennium development goals and missions of the World Health Organization. So, it is essential to examine health-promoting behaviors and plan appropriately to promote health in this group. According to the literatures have done in different area of Iran, it is anticipated that the status of health promotion behaviors in Qazvin is also undesirable. So this study aimed to determine health-promoting behaviors in middle school adolescent females and its related factors.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 424 middle school female students in Qazvin, Iran.  The subjects were selected through a cluster sampling method. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire, and the Health-Promoting Behaviors (HPLPII) questionnaire, which measures health-promoting behaviors in 6 dimensions including health responsibility, physical activity, nutrition, spiritual growth, stress management, and interpersonal relations.
Results: The present study results showed overall mean health-promoting behaviors is 82.51±21.44. In the following domains, adolescent females scored moderately: nutrition, physical activity, stress management, interpersonal relations; and they were poor in health responsibility, but obtained a good score in spiritual growth. The scores of health-promoting indexes decreased with a rise in the grades of the students and improved by higher parents’ educational status.
Conclusions: The present study results showed health-promoting behaviors in adolescent females were at a moderate level. Thus, consideration should be given to providing appropriate health and educational services (and in some cases, counseling services) to adolescents and their families, especially in health responsibility demension.

Abstract: Introduction and Aims: Attention to students’ mental health is important in promoting their learning and academic achievement. This study aims to determine mental health and its predicting factors on paramedical and public health students in Qazvin university of medical sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, a sample of 110 paramedical and public health students of Qazvin university of medical sciences was selected. Data were gathered by General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and demographic and educational related researcher-made questionnaire. Data were also entered into SPSS-v16 and analyzed with Chi-square and McNemar tests, and regression analysis was used for determining predicting factors. The significant level was considered as p<0.05.
Results: The mean general health scores of students participating in the study were 31.05±9.24 and 79.6% of them had impaired mental health. The highest mean was belonged to social function subscale (12.33±3.78) and the lowest to depression (4.59±4.55). Between age, gender, faculty, birth order, parental status, university entrance semester, and mental health of students, there were not significant differences (P≥ 0.05), but the variables "marital status" (P<0.02), "interest in the field of study"(P<0.02), and "last semester average” of students (P<0.000) were related to mental health. Finally regression analysis showed that "interest in the field of study "(P<0.003) was the predicting factor of mental health in this students.
Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of mental disorders in these students, it is essential to activate student counseling centers in the field of mental health promotion plans. Specifically, life skills training, is needed to enhance their skills, abilities and mental capacity.

Abstract:Musculoskeletal disorders are the most common cause of physical disability in working individuals as restaurant work is physically demanding that develop symptoms of various musculoskeletal disorders. Occupational Health Nurse plays important role in improving or maintaining a worker’s health using prevention, protection and pro-active health interventions. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of an educational Intervention about work related musculoskeletal disorders on restaurant workers in Toshiba Alarabi Factories at Benha City. A quasi-experimental design was utilized for the study. The study was conducted at the restaurant of Toshiba Alarabi Factories at Benha city. A convenient sample of 43 workers was recruited for the study. Two tools were used for data collection; 1) a structured interviewing questionnaire to collect data about the workers' socio demographic characteristics, knowledge regarding work related musculoskeletal disorders and workers’ self-reported pain /discomfort in the last 12 months. 2) An observation sheet to assess workers 'practice during performing their tasks. The study results showed that 62.8 % of workers had more than10 years of experience and more than two thirds of  them suffer from musculoskeletal discomfort with highly statistically significant differences (P<.001) before and after educational intervention regarding total knowledge and practices scores of the studied workers. Moreover, there was statistically significant correlation (P < 0.01) between the workers' total knowledge and practice scores before and after educational intervention. The study concluded that the implementation of the educational intervention significantly improved workers’ knowledge and practice regarding work related musculoskeletal disorders after the educational intervention than before intervention. The study recommended that adequately planned educational training programs must be conducted in order to improve workers’ knowledge and practices regarding prevention of work related musculoskeletal disorders.