Abstract: As we move into the 21^stcentury, genetics/genomics has emerged as a central science for all health professionals, including nurses increasingly will underlie all of health care and therefore is fundamental to all nursing practice. Aim of the current study is to assess the genomic-genetic literacy and comfort level regarding integration of genetics in clinical practices among nursing students in an undergraduate program at a selected faculty of nursing affiliated to one university in Cairo-Egypt. Study Design: A descriptive exploratory design was utilized for conducting the current study. Results:, the current study finding revealed that the majority of the study participants had no knowledge regarding genetic terms, genetic disorders except about breast cancer, thalassemia and sickle cell disease & no knowledge to genetic related procedures .Also the current study showed low comfort level of genetic knowledge regarding patient and family history, making referral for a patient with genetic questions, sharing in a support group to a patient with genetic disease. Conclusion: Based on the results the study findings revealed that the majority of the study participants had no knowledge regarding genetic, and genetic related procedures. In relation to genetic disorders all the study participants had no knowledge except about breast cancer, thalassemia and sickle cell disease. The study participants were not comfort regarding integration of genetics in clinical practices. Recommendations: Nursing genetic should be included as an essential part of faculty nursing curricula either for theoretical and practical aspects.

Keywords: Genomic Literacy, comfort level, Baccalaureate Nursing Students.
Title: Assessment of Genomic Literacy, comfort level Among Baccalaureate Nursing Students
Author:Amel Saied Mohamed, Shaimaa Mohamed Elhadary
ISSN 2394-7330
International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing
Novelty Journals

Abstract: Labor is a painful experience for almost all women. Different strategies include non-pharmacological interventions and pharmacological interventions have been developed for labor pain relief. This review conducted to identify the evidence based effects of music therapy on labor pain.
Methods: A narrative review of the literature was undertaken between October 2015 and April 2016, which involved searching several electronic databases: Cochrane Library, JSTOR Music Collection, Science Direct, Web of Knowledge, EMBASE, PubMed, Google and Google scholar. Three review authors independently assessed trials for inclusion and extracted data. Data were checked for accuracy.
Results: Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. All were randomized clinical trial. Most study used visual analog scale for measuring participant pain. In all study, mothers who listened music during labor experienced lower level of pain in compared to women who not.
Conclusion: Music is a non-invasive, simple, cheap, safe, and effective method for reliving labor pain. Clinicians should be considered this to relief pregnant women pain during labor.

Keywords: labor pain, complementary therapy, music therapy, review article.
Title: Labor Pain: A Narrative Review of Music in Pain Management
Author: Azam Mazroie Sebdani, Shiva Mostafaei, Nazi Abdollahpour
ISSN 2394-7330
International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing
Novelty Journals

Abstract: To estimate the prevalence of depression and its associated risk factors among nursing students of a public sector institute in Karachi, Pakistan.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among B.Sc. Nursing students of public sector institute in Karachi. Data was collected after written consent from the participants with the help of self-administered questionnaires through convenient sampling technique. Outcome variable depression was defined (a score ≥ 10) by using Beck Depression Inventory. Multivariable model was built by using logistic regression analysis to determine the factors independently associated with depression.
Results: The mean (±SD) age of the student was 25.2(±5.4) years. Majority (61.6%) of the students were females. Approximately two third (67.4%) of the participating students were from Post RN. B.Sc. Nursing program. Over half (52.3%) of the participating students were from semester-1. A very high prevalence of depression (79.1%) was found among students. Of these, (57.3%) had mild, (23.5%) moderate, (11.8%) severe and (7.4%) very severe anxiety and depression. There was no significant difference among those who suffered from depression in terms of age, gender, degree program and current semester.
Conclusion: This study highlights a high burden of depression among nursing students of public sector institute of Karachi. There is a need to provide counseling and supportive services to the nursing students to enable them to cope with existing psychological morbidity in better way and maintain their academic performance efficiently.

Keywords: Depression, Nursing students, Karachi, Pakistan.
Title: Prevalence of Depression and Its Associated Risk Factors among Nursing Students of Public Sector Institute in Karachi, Pakistan
Author: Sabir Hussain, Mahmooda A. Razzaque, Majid, Sumera yasmeen
ISSN 2394-7330
International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing
Novelty Journals

Abstract: Nutritional education programs in school settings were shown to concomitantly increase the children’s knowledge and decrease the risk malnutrition. The aim of the present study was to evaluate health status and nutrition education intervention for primary school children. Design: Quasi experimental design was used to achieve the aim of the current study. Setting and Sample: Simple random sample was used to select two primary schools in Beni-Suef City; one governmental school and one private school, the sample included 115 children their ages ranged from 10 to12 years old, 15 children dropped out during implementation phase of the program. Tools; I- an interviewing questionnaire composed of two parts; socio-demographic characteristics and school children knowledge about nutrition (pre/post-test), II- Observational checklist include two parts: Checklist to assess studied children for manifestations of malnutrition and dietary intake checklist to assess frequency of dietary intake for different nutrients/ week. III- Anthropometric measurements used to assess nutritional status of the students. The main results of the present study: It showed that most studied children had low frequency of dietary intake for different nutrients/ week (<4 times/week) except grains. higher percentage of them suffered from manifestations of malnutrition. The prevalence of malnutrition among studied children was 31%; 7% of them were overweight, 11% underweight, 19% wasted and 8% were stunted. Conclusion: there was a significant improvement in students' knowledge about nutrition after implementing nutrition education intervention. Socio-demographic factors had significant effect on the prevalence of malnutrition among school children. Recommendation: Scale up community based interventions are needed to reduce the prevalence of malnutrition especially for school age children.

Keywords: Nutrition, education intervention, primary school children, associated factors.
Title: Evaluating Health Status and Nutrition Education Intervention for Primary School Children
Author: Noha Ahmed Mohamed
ISSN 2394-7330
International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing
Novelty Journals

Abstract: Breast-feeding is usually the best way to feed infants, yet the advent of HIV has complicated this practice in our mothers today. There is enough evidence that exclusively breastfed infants are more protected against childhood morbidity and mortality from respiratory and gastrointestinal infections than those who are mixed fed or exclusively formula fed. The main objective of the study was to find out determinantsof infant feeding practices among mothers living with HIV attending comprehensive care clinic in Ahero sub-county hospital in Kisumu County, Kenya. The Study utilized descriptive cross sectional study. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection. A study sample of 168 HIV-positive mothers with infants aged 0 to 12 months wasinterviewed. Semi-structured researcher administered questionnaires was used to collect data from the sampled respondents. Key informant interviews and focused group discussions were also used to collect qualitative data. SPSS version 21 was used to analyze quantitative data. Qualitative data was analyzed in key thematic areas. Descriptive statistics were employed to draw percentages while Chi square and fisher exact test was employed in testing significant associations with significance level set at p ≤0.05.The analyzed data was presented with figures, tables, and narratives. The study concluded that, majority of women living with HIV and giving birth are below 35 years of age, highest level of education at primary level, married and with unstable source of income. The study further reviewed that, despite good antenatal care visit among HIV positive mothers with majority first attendance before 24 weeks of gestation, mix feeding was still prevalent among the mothers with only 57.7% practicing exclusive breastfeeding while the rest had mix feeding which still increased the risk of mother to child transmission of HIV despite majority being of antiretroviral therapy. 

Keywords: Exclusive Breast Feeding, HIV Positive mothers, Infant Feeding Practices, Mix feeding.
Title: DETERMINANTS OF INFANT FEEDING PRACTICES AMONG HIV-POSITIVE MOTHERS ATTENDING COMPREHENSIVE CARE CLINIC AT AHERO SUB-COUNTY HOSPITAL
Author: Joshua Mose Omwenga, Jeremy MurithiNjiru, HamsonOmaeNyabera
International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing
ISSN 2394-7330
Novelty Journals

Abstract: Inflammation has been identified as the substrate of almost every chronic disease, like asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, or even diabetes, depression, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's and heart disease.On the other hand, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) are core receptors that negatively regulate primary the mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation, which constitute dominant causes of the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer's disease, also forming important therapeutic goal for them. Furthermore, PPAR agonists are neuroprotective and increase mitochondrial function, also contributing to the regulation and prevention of various inflammations and neuropathic pain. The aim of the given research wasbasically to study the gene expression in rat brain sections after causing inflammatory factors. It was investigated the effect of the PPARγ receptor agonist in the Central Nervous System (CNS) of white Wistar rats, using an experimental model of inflammation induction via injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in selective rat brain sections: hypothalamus, hippocampus and striatum.Ten rats were divided into 2 groups. The first was injected with LPS three hours before being killed, and the brain tissues were isolated, while the second was only saline injected and served as controls.With respect to the effect of LPS in rCOX-1, rCOX-2, rIL-1b, rIL-6 and rPPARagenes, the experimental procedure finally revealed clearly that the effect of LPS caused a significant increase in the mRNA of rCOX-2 and interleukins IL-1b and IL-6 (5-, 17-, and 8-fold, respectively), while hardly affected the gene expressions of rCOX-1 and rPPARa in all selective brain sections.

Keywords: Inflammation, Rat, Central Nervous System (CNS), Hypothalamus, Hippocampus, Striatum, Lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
Title: A Study on Gene Expressions of Rat Brain Sections after Lipopolysaccharide Treatment
Author: Naki, Eleni, Dimitrios Damigos
ISSN 2394-7330
International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing
Novelty Journals
 

Abstract: The clarification between satisfaction with life, psychological well-being and pain in patients with Functional Gastrointestinal Diseases (FGIDs). Participants the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and the Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS) and the Numeric Pain Rating Scale for their related pain. There were found negative correlations between pain and well - being characteristics. Education level was found to affect the psychological well – being and job status affected the satisfaction with life. Emotions of Eudaimonia can help in stressor situations. Dealings of pain expressed and other features such, satisfaction with life and autonomy
Keywords: Psychological well – being, pain, FGIDs, satisfaction with life.
Title: The Configuration of Life Satisfaction and Psychological Well – Being in Functional GI Disorders
Author: Bozas Antonis, Damigos Dimitrios, Choleva Vasiliki
ISSN 2394-7330
International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing
Novelty Journals

Abstract: Nurses play a key role in the prevention and control of postpartum hemorrhage they may be first and only professional persons present when bleeding occurs, her prompt and competent action will be crucial in controlling blood loss and reducing the risk of maternal morbidity or even death Aim: This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of an educational intervention on Improving maternity nurses’ performance regarding prevention and control of postpartum hemorrhage Methods: A quasi-experimental design was utilized. Setting: The study was conducted at obstetrics and gynecology departments affiliated to Benha University Hospital and Benha Teaching hospital. Sample: total sample of 64 maternity nurses were included in the current study. Tools: Two tools were used for data collection; 1) a structured interviewing schedule to collect data about the nurses' sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge regarding postpartum hemorrhage. 2); an observation checklist to assess the procedures provided by nurses during immediate postpartum period concerned with prevention and control of post-partum hemorrhage. Results: there were highly statistically significant differences (P<.001) before and after educational intervention regarding total knowledge and practices mean scores of the studied nurses. There were negative statistically significant correlations (P ≤ .01) between studied nurses, total knowledge, total practices scores and their age and years of experience. Conclusion and recommendation: The implementation of the educational intervention significantly improved nurses’ knowledge and practices towards prevention and control of postpartum hemorrhage. Adequately planned in-service training programs must be conducted in order to improve nurses’ knowledge, and performance regarding postpartum hemorrhage which will be reflected on improving the quality of health care.

Keywords: Educational intervention, Nurses' performance, Prevention, Control and Postpartum hemorrhage.
Title: Improving Maternity Nurses' Performance Regarding Prevention and Control of Postpartum Hemorrhage
Author: Heba Abdel-Fatah Ibrahim, Somaya Ouda Abdel-Menim
ISSN 2394-7330
International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing
Novelty Journals

Abstract: Leaving hospital against medical advice may have adverse consequences. Previous studies have been limited by evaluating specific types of myocardial infarction patients, small sample sizes and incomplete determination of outcomes. Discharge against medical advice (DAMA) has been associated with increased morbidity and re-admission of the patients who have been DAMA. The present study aims to determine the prevalence of DAMA among AMI patients and to find out the associated factors for DAMA. A retrospective study was conducted from January 2013 to December2014 in KSHC at KFMC hospital in Riyadh, KSA. Data collection was performed using a two-part checklist including demographic factors, information about hospital and DAMA reasons. The profile of all DAMA patients was studied. There were 507 patients with AMI, 37 patients (7.3%) who’s left against medical advice. Compared with those who didn't leave against medical advice, age more often in (41-60), more often make. The readmission period more often be more one month, they had 11.1% died after (DAMA), The most often reason of DAMA among myocardial infarction patients (83.8%).

Keywords: Discharge Against Medical Advice; Acute myocardial Infarction; Risk factor, Prevalence.
Title: Prevalence of Discharge against Medical Advice (DAMA) Among Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) at King Fahad Medical City (KFMC) in Saudi Arabia
Author: Zainab M. Jafary, Sawsan M. Al-Somali, Nahid K. El. Bakri
ISSN 2394-7330
International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing
Novelty Journals

Abstract: Pain caused by some therapeutic and nursing procedures has been a major concern of health care providers. Intramuscular (IM) injection is most frequently used but causing painful experience for many individuals. Moreover, injection pain is a common complaint of patients especially chronic patients who are experiencing repeated injection that let them escape, sometimes faint, to keep away from visiting the physician, or even refuse essential treatments. Aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of helfer skin tapping technique and Z-track technique on pain intensity among hospitalized adult patients who receiving IM injection. Subjects and Method, Quasi–experimental design was used in the current study. The current study was conducted in Medical- Surgical departments at Menoufia University Hospital. Total number of hundred participants were randomly alternatively divided into two equal group, 50 for each group, study group I (helfer skin tapping technique) and study group II (Z-track technique corresponding to power analysis that matched with the inclusion criteria. Two tools were used to, tool (1) was a structured interview questionnaire to collect socio-demographic and clinical health data, and tool (2) was universal pain assessment. Results showed that there were significant statistically differences between Verbal Descriptor Scale/Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Wong-Baker Facial Grimace Scale/Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Activity Tolerance Scale before the intervention (first time of injection using standard traditional technique) and after the intervention (second and third time of injection) for both studied group itself.

Keywords: Helfer skin tapping technique, intramuscular injection, pain, Z- track technique.
Title: Effects of Helfer Skin Tapping and Z – Track Techniques on Pain Intensity among Hospitalized Adult Patients Who Receiving Intramuscular Injection
Author: Omima Said M. H. Shehata
ISSN 2394-7330
International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing
Novelty Journals

Abstract: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is the most common health hazard of neonates which have toxic effects on the brain and cause serious complications. Providing care to neonates with hyperbilirubinemia is a condition that requires safe knowledge and skills from the nurses to achieve optimal health outcomes. Aim: to examine the effect of a designed nursing care protocol on clinical outcomes for neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. Research design: quasi experimental design was utilized. Setting: It was conducted at neonatal intensive care units in Shebin El- Kom Teaching Hospital and El Gamea El Sharea for neonates. Sample:, all nurses (37) who work in the previous mentioned settings and a convenient sample (120) neonates were selected. Instruments: three tools were used: nurses' knowledge structured questionnaire, Nurses' practices observational checklist and Neonatal assessment sheet. Result: It showed significant improvement in nurses' knowledge and practices after implementation of educational program regarding neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. As well, implementation of nursing care protocol improved clinical outcomes of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. Conclusion: It was concluded that, implementation of the designed nursing care protocol improved nurses' knowledge and practices regarding care of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia on posttest than on pre test. Also, it improved clinical outcomes of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. Recommendation: ongoing inservice education programs must be designed and implemented at neonatal intensive care units to improve nurses' knowledge and practices concerning care provided for neonates with hyperbilirubinemia.

Keywords: Hyperbilirubinemia, Nursing care protocol; clinical outcomes.
Title: Effect of a Designed Nursing Care Protocol on Clinical Outcomes of Neonates with Hyperbilirubinemia
Author: Ghada.M,Ashor, Maha.I,Khalifa, Fady.M,El-Gendy, Jaklein,R.Younis
ISSN 2394-7330
International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing
Novelty Journals

Abstract: Accounting for roughly 400,000 deaths and 300 million infections each year, malaria is one of the toughest and most important global health challenges for scientists and public health policymakers. In order to reduce malaria morbidity and illness, policymakers have implemented numerous antimalarial interventions in endemic areas, such as indoor residual spraying and the distribution of bednets. A novel control method that more directly targets the disease-transmitting vectors entails the genetic modification of mosquitoes and the release of these modified mosquitoes into malaria endemic environments. In order to gain a clearer understanding of this novel malaria control method, this paper thoroughly reviews the growing body of literature pertaining to developments and issues in transgenic mosquito research. This paper finds that to date, scientists have approached transgenic malaria research from two distinct angles. While some have attempted to induce female sterility traits in mosquito populations, others have focused on spreading refractory genes into mosquito populations. Although both research approaches have been demonstrated to have remarkable success, there are several bioethical and public health considerations that must be taken into account before either method can be implemented in the field. Most importantly, field implementation will require additional research on the population dynamics of mosquitoes in endemic settings and a more thorough assessment of public consent in malarious communities. Once researchers gain a more complete understanding of the biological, bioethical, and biopolitical facets of genetically modified mosquitoes, genetic malaria control may become a reality.

Keywords: Bioethics, Genetically Modified Mosquitoes, Malaria, Public Health.
Title: Genetic Modification of Malarious Mosquitoes: Biological, Bioethical, and Biopolitical Considerations
Author: Rohan Garg
International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing
ISSN 2394-7330
Novelty Journals

Abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are both an autoimmune systemic disease of different etiology, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies are directed toward epitopes that pass citrullination process; peptidyl arginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes modify structure and function of proteins by converting arginine residues to citrulline in post translational stage, are specific serological markers for RA . Despite of the higher specificity of anti-CCP for Rheumatoid arthritis, their role in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis remains unclear. There are only a few studies on the prevalence of anti-CCP antibodies in patients with IBD but no clear significance.one study conducted by Papamichael K, conclude that the prevalence of anti-CCP antibodies is very low in IBD patients and no clinical evidence of arthritis was seen in anti-CCP-positive patient. Another study conducted by Shafaghi A show no significant association between the prevalence of anti-CCP positivity and IBD related arthritis , activity or extension of inflammatory colitis was found.Also A retrospective analysis was performed by Jaita Mukherjee and colleague about the association of anti-CCP with inflammatory bowel disease only 5 out of 31 patients with positive anti-CCP was found , all of them had peripheral joint disease but no evidence of erosive disease on radiological assessment indicating that these patients may initially be incorrectly diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, rather than articular manifestations of their underlying bowel disease.

Keywords: inflammatory bowel disease, Rheumatoid arthritis, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide.
Title: Positive Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibodies in RA and IBD Patients: Is It One or Two Disease
Author: Dr. Fahidah Alenazi
ISSN 2394-7330
International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing
Novelty Journals

Abstract: Smoking is accounted as the third most widely used psychoactive substance. It is associated with mental disorders and many log-term diseases. Drugs are found to be associated with short-term health complications. We wanted to investigate the correlation between tobacco and substance use because of their high risks in mortalities and morbidities.
Methods: SHABS survey has been conducted amongst 580 second-year medical students in Maastricht University. In this research, tobacco smokers have been divided into three groups according to the amount of the cigarettes smoked per day. The three groups were correlated with drug use by the use of Chi-square computed throup SPSS.
Results: A total of 580 students participated in the survey. However, the proportion of the current smoker was 7.9% and that of illicit drug users was merely 5.5%. Of those who is currently using substances, 6 participants (~42.9%) who smoked less than one cigarette/day, 7 participants (50%) who had less than half pack a day and only 1 participant (~7.1%) who smoke more than half pack.
Conclusion: There is no significant correlation between smoking and drug use among second-year medical students of the Maastricht University.

Keywords: SPSS, tobacco smoking and drug use, SHABS survey.
Title: The Relation between Tobacco Smoking and Drug Use in Second-Year Medical Students of Maastricht University
Author: Naif Almutairi, Mohammed alhuwaykim, Mohammed alorayyidh
ISSN 2394-7330
International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing
Novelty Journals

Abstract: Although, spirituality and religiosity is a resource to cope for patients with chronic disease, however study about these topics among patients who are under hemodialysis is very limited. The aim of the present study was to determine the daily spiritual experience level in hemodialysis patients as compared to a healthy adult’s sample.
Methods: This is a historical cohort study that conducted in Iran. With using stratified sampling method, 50 patients who were under hemodialysis (for case group) and 50 persons without any problem psychological problem (for control group) were recruited as the subjects for this study. The data were collected, using a questionnaire with items relating to demographic data and Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES). The DSES is a sixteen-item self-report scale. The total score is obtained by summing the scores of the 16 items, which can vary from 16 to 94. Score between 16 to 36 indicted relatively poor level of DSE, score between 37 to 56 indicted moderate level of DSE, score between 57 to 76 indicted high level of DSE, and score between 77 to 96 indicted very high levels of DSE.
Results: The mean score of DSES in participant in case and control group were 77.8±15.4 and 78.6±12.6 respectively. Difference between group were not statistically significant (P=0.896). Among demographics characteristics in participants in case group, only participants job and marital status have significant correlation with mean score of DSES (married and housewife obtained higher score)(p<0.05).
Conclusion: According to finding of present study, most patients reported high and very high level of daily spiritual experience level similar to healthy investigated subjects. Further study in this regards recommended specially among patients with different religious belief and different culture.

Keywords: Chronic disease, End-stage renal disease, spirituality, maintenance hemodialysis.
Title: Daily Spiritual Experience Level: Comparison between Healthy Adults and Hemodialysis Patients
Author: Mahtab Salehi, Sayedeh Zahra Hosseinigolafshani, Jalil Azimian, Sonia Oveisi
ISSN 2394-7330
International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing
Novelty Journals

Title: Medication Errors: How to Avoid Them
Author: Abeer Almutairi
ISSN 2394-7330
International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing
Novelty Journals

Abstract: Background and Aim: Due to the complexity and increasing competition in organizations and labor market, the importance of manpower and quality of working life has increasingly considered. Therefore, the current study aimed to provide a valid questionnaire for evaluating the quality of nursing work life.
Materials and methods: Collecting the related articles, a questionnaire was presented including 14 demographic questions and 20 questions evaluated the quality of nursing work life. For standardization and validation of questionnaire, the qualitative evaluation of questionnaire was conducted by the 10 experts. Also, the content validity index and content validity ratio were used for evaluation of quantitative content validity. Then, the reliability of questionnaire was examined by Cronbach’s alpha and collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. 
Results: The quality of work life questionnaire includes 20 questions and results showed that the content validity of 3 questions was low and it must be revised. Finally, the total CVR was 0.74 and the question’s CVI was more than 0.75. The value of Cronbach’s alpha was 0.76 for this questionnaire (ɑ: 0.76), so it concluded that there is no need to change the questionnaire because it has internal correlation appropriately.
Conclusion: A reliable and valid tool must be used for evaluation of quality of work life. According to the results of this study, this questionnaire has relatively proper validity and reliability for applying in work places.

Keywords:Validity, Reliability, Quality of Work Life, Nurse.
Title: Evaluation of Validity and Reliability of Assessing Tools for Quality of Nursing Work Life
Author: Jale Mohammad Aliha, Alice Khachian, Mahnaz Sarabi, Mostafa Shokati Ahmadabad, Hossein Rafiei
International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing
ISSN 2394-7330
Novelty Journals

Abstract: Background & Aim: Although identifying the patients at risk of pressure ulcer development is imperative, however, few studies have been carried out in Cardiac surgery patients to assess the risk of pressure ulcer development. In present study, we examined the prevalence of pressure ulcer and some related risk factors among critically ill patients who were admitted to open heart surgery intensive care unit.
Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in ran in 2016. With using sampling formula, 82 patients that were eligible patients were selected. Patients’ skins were assessed using pressure ulcer staging system developed by National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP) before the operation, in time of cardiac intensive care unit admission and one times per day to patients discharge. Demographics check list and Braden scale also completed for each patient.
Results: The mean age of patients was 60.9±10.5. Of them, 46 (56.1%) were male and the rest were female. From the 82 patients that participated in present study, 27 (32.9%) patients developed pressure ulcer (mostly stage I). Patients’ age, mean times of intensive care unit stay, diabetic patients, patients who have previous surgery, smokers and patient with pump on situation were related to pressure ulcer development in intensive care unit. The mean score of Braden scale also were statistically higher in patients without ulcer in compared to patients with ulcer (p<0.05).
Conclusion: According to finding of present study, pressure ulcers especially stage 1 and 2 is common among cardiac surgery patients. Health care worker especially nurses should pay more attention to this topic. Further study recommended in this regards.

Keywords: Bed sore, Surgery patients, risk factors, Prevalence.
Title: Prevalence of Pressure Ulcer among Patients Who Were Admitted To Open Heart Surgery Intensive Care Unit
Author: Jalil Azimian, Hossein Rafiei, Mahmoud Alipoor Heydari, Mojtaba Senmar
International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing
ISSN 2394-7330
Novelty Journals

Abstract: This study was aimed at evaluating the efficacy of three (3) different commercial disinfectants commonly used in some selected Hospitals laboratories in Sokoto metropolis, the disinfectant preparations were investigated against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi by using tube dilution and agar diffusion methods respectively. Findings from agar diffusion method indicated that some disinfectants had wide efficacy against the test bacteria. The disinfectant effectiveness generally increased by increasing the disinfectant concentration. Also disinfectants were observed to be effective against the isolates by tube dilution method depending on exposure time. The result of the relative antimicrobial power from both the tube dilution and agar diffusion methods were in close agreement. However, some disinfectants were relatively ineffective even at their highest concentrations. Disinfectant C Jik ranked the highest in antimicrobial potency which could be attributable to the presence of mono-atomic chlorine as active agent. Staphylococcus aureus is the most sensitive bacteria to the disinfectants. Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most resistant organisms and these observations are attributable to the differences in the cell wall composition of the two groups of organisms. Staphylococcus aureus which is a gram-positive organism have more techoic acid and polysaccharides in their cell wall, whereas Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa been gram-negative organisms have outer membrane which exhibits a typical phospholipid layer. In general, it could be said as observed from the research investigation that disinfectant C, (Jik) which is bleach is the most effective among the disinfectants and Methylated spirit ranked the lowest in antimicrobial potency.

Keywords: Efficacy, Disinfectants, Hospital, Laboratories, Sokoto.
Title: EFFICACY OF SOME COMMONLY USED DISINFECTANTS IN SOME SELECTED HOSPITAL LABORATORIES IN SOKOTO
Author: Umar, A.I., Garba, I, Tijjani, M.B., Aliyu, M.S., Usman, A., Iduh, M.U.
International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing
ISSN 2394-7330
Novelty Journals

Abstract: Introduction: Needle-stick injury (NSI) have the impending to affect a student nurse’s life and leading reason of Hep B, Hep C and HIV which cause to illness especially among nurses all over the world1. The aim of this study was to define the prevalence of NSIs among student nurses in Institute of Nursing DUHS. Methodology: From May 2016 to July  a cross sectional study was accompanied in student nurses at Institute of Nursing DUHS. 150 student nurses participated with using convenience sampling technique. The data was analyzed by using SPSS version 16. For analysis and comparison and Proportions of the categorical variables were symbolized in numerous statistical data. Logistic regression used to find association between enrolled program, gender and NSI among student nurses.Result: The prevalence of NSI in our study is 33.7%.  In female prevalence of NSI was 19.1 %( 13/68) and in male it is 45.1 % (37/82). The prevalence of NSI according to different programs in MSN student’s had 42.9 % (12/28), as Post RNBSN 31.1 %( 14/45) and 31.2% (24/77). There is significant relationship between gender and NSI. The OR of gender is 0.28 with CI 95% . There is no significant relationship between enrolled program and NSI. Conclusion: NSI is the most important occupational health hazard in nurses. It is important to implement strategies for spreading awareness and effective preventive measures against incidences of NSI.

Keywords: DUHS, Needle sticks injuries, Student nurses.
Title: Surveillance of needle-stick injuries amongst student nurses at Institute of Nursing Dow University of Health and sciences Karachi
Author: Mahmooda A.Razzaque, Sabir Hussain, Abdul Rasheed,Sumera Yasmeen
ISSN 2394-7330
International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing
Novelty Journals

Abstract: Background: Mouth cleanliness is very important for critical patients in hospital; it is usually the accountability of nurses with adequate information for mouth hygiene, guiding principle and rate of performance oral needed to prevent spread of infection. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess nurses’ knowledge, attitude and practice toward oral care among critical ill patients. Subjects & méthod: Research design: Descriptive research was utilized. Setting: intensive care units at Menoufia University Hospital. Subjects: convenience sample of all nurses working in intensive care units; 100 nurses at Menoufia University. Tools: One tool was utilized for data collection: 1-Structure interview questionnaire schedule: It consists of 5 parts. Part I: demographic characteristics, Part 2: knowledge questionnaire sheet, Part 3: - mouth hygiene practice sheet, Part 4: - attitudes regarding mouth hygiene, Part 5: Types and frequency of oral care: Results: more than half of the group had lack of time to practice of mouth hygiene. More than half (64%) of nurses had good knowledge and (16%) of the nurses had not any knowledge about oral care. The higher majority of nurses were agreeing that mouth hygiene was very important to ventilate patients. The higher majority of nurses was strongly agreed about adequate training of oral care. The majority (84.0%) of the nurses had a negative attitude toward oral care and the majority (100.0%) of nurses had poor practice toward oral care. The attitude had a positive correlation and was significantly correlated with their knowledge of oral care (p = 0.018).  However practice score did not correlate significantly with their knowledge of oral care. Conclusion: Majority of the nurses had good knowledge, however the majority of them had poor practice and attitudes about oral care in the intensive care unit. There was no statistically significant difference between knowledge and practice. Also attitude had positive correlation and significantly with their knowledge of oral care.

Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Critical ill patient.
Title: Nurses’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practice toward Mouth Hygiene among Critical Ill patients
Author: Samira Ebrahim Aboalizm, Zeinab  Abdel Aziz Kasemy
ISSN 2394-7330
International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing
Novelty Journals