Abstract: Background and aims: Attitude towards euthanasia may influence the behavior of health care professionals about this issue. In present study we examined Iranian clinical registered nurses attitude toward euthanasia. Data were collected with using the Euthanasia Attitude Scale (EAS).
Material and methods: This descriptive study was conducted in two teaching hospitals, Boali Sian and Velayat, in Qazvin, Iran in 2016. Using convenience sampling, all qualified registered nurses (n=302) working in different wards at the two teaching hospitals were invited to participate in the study. EAS examined participant in four domains: ethical consideration, practical consideration, treasuring life and naturalistic beliefs. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software (v17.0; PASW Statistics) and a variable was considered to be statistically significant if P< 0.05.
Results: Of the 302 nurses, 86.8% (n=262) were female and the rest were male. The mean age of nurses in present study was 31.1±5.9 years. The mean total score of nurses attitude were 66.6± 11.2. With regards to EAS domains, mean score of ethical consideration, practical consideration, treasuring life and naturalistic beliefs domains were 35.1±7.5, 8.7± 2.1, 15.3± 2.5 and 6.3±1.9 respectively.
Conclusion: Nurses have an important role in caring for terminally ill patients in different hospital wards. According to finding of present study most nurses have neutral attitude toward euthanasia. Further study in this regards recommended.

Abstract: This article reviews the application of lasers in field of periodontics. Various types of lasers along with their mechanism of action and their role in dental field are discussed in this article. A brief explanation of the classification is mentioned.

Abstract: Background and aim: health literacy defined as cognitive and social skills which determine the motivation and ability of individuals to gain access to, understand and use information in ways which promote and maintain good health. In present study, we examined the effect of an educational program on level of health literacy among health care workers in Iran.
Methods: this is a quasi-experimental study with using one-group pre-test/post-test design. Study conducted from January 2014 to July 2015. Samples were 90 licensed people who work in medical clinics in Qazvin, Iran. The educations consisted of a 4 and 5 theoretical and practical session and including infection, medication therapy, wound care, fluid and electrolyte therapy. Participants also received a six week clinical period in different hospital wards. Data were collected using a demographics questionnaire and Health Literacy for Iranian Adults (HELIA). The data was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 16).
Results: Most participants were female. The mean ages of participant were 38.49±8.41. Mean score of HELIA before and after education were 71.9 and 76.1 respectively. Results showed that the mean score of HELIA after receiving education increased compared to before receiving education and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Before educational intervention, 4, 22, 38 and 14 people showed inadequate, not long enough, adequate and excellent level of health literacy respectively. After educational intervention, 3, 9, 47 and 19 people showed inadequate, not long enough, adequate and excellent level of health literacy respectively.
Conclusion: according to finding of present study, participant health literacy improves after educational program. Further study in this regards, recommended.

Abstract: Over the years development planning in India has focused on reducing the burden of illness and mortality among women and children. A large number of development and Public health programs such as the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) have been geared towards this, since a long time. India is committed to achieve the Millennium Development Goals, particularly with respect to maternal and child health. Present Population of India is 1,210,000,000 (1.21 billion) Population as per the Census of India in 2011 and MMR is 230 per 100,000 live births in India. In Gujarat's MMR at 160 has improved from 172. According to the 2011 Indian census, there are 6,40,867 villages in India and about 74% of Indian population lives in these villages and rural population consists of 75.33% rural females who is in reproductive age group. In India the most of causes of maternal deaths occurs due to Hemorrhage 38%, Hypertensive Disorders 5%, Sepsis 11%,Obstructed labor 5%,Abortion 8%,Toxemia 8% and others 34%. 2 To become pregnant is a special feeling for the mother and she realizes the power of being woman that she is able to produce human out of her body. So take care of her body and if any complication occurs during pregnancy it will affect her baby, so during pregnancy it is necessary to do the examination to find out these complications present, if any.

Abstract: Introduction and objectives: sleep habits are formed in childhood and it affects quality and quantity of sleep lifetime. Some studies suggest that sleep deprivation is associated with weight and sleep deprivation is an effective factor in obesity and diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between sleep habits and body mass index among the children within the range of 6 to 11 years old in the city of Qazvin in 2014
Methods:  the descriptive- cross sectional study was performed by participating 287 6 to 11 years old children (in private or public primary schools) in Qazvin through a random and cluster sampling. Data was collected using children sleep habits measurement tool and anthropometric questionnaire and was analyzed by using Pearson correlation coefficient.
Result: Maximum average of sleep problems in children were related to the sleep behavior and the least of children sleep problems were related to awakening at nights.  The average BMI of boys (19.33±4.09) and girls (18.11±0.56) didn’t have a significant difference (P>0.05( . Also, a significant relationship between the body mass index and sleep habits and its subscales wasn’t seen (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Since the children had a good body mass index, relationship between sleep habits and body mass index wasn’t seen.

Abstract: About 1,25,000 acquire a disability every year secondary to TBI, About 9,700,000 Indians are living with disabilities related to TBI, Most affected are those within 15-25 years of age.Brain injuries can be classified into mild, moderate, and severe categories. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), the most commonly used system for classifying TBI severity, grades a person's level of consciousness on a scale of 3–15 based on verbal, motor, and eye-opening reactions to stimuli.It is generally agreed that a TBI with a GCS of 13 or above is mild, 9–12 is moderate, and 8 or below is severe. Information about the cumulative research findings on the predictive ability of GCS scores aids nurses in providing support and education to family members during the acute stage of injury, and in coordinating the services of members of the healthcare team, which could result in improved outcomes for both patient and   family.

Abstract: Background: Pesticides in Egypt are used for pest control in agriculture, their usage and unsafe handling practices may result in high farmer exposures and adverse health effects. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of health hazards intervention on the farmers, knowledge, practice and self reported symptoms toward pesticides exposure. Design: A Quasi experimental research design (pre-post-test) was utilized. Setting and Sample: Simple random sample was used to select one village in Birket El-sab,ei district at Menoufia Governorate, Egypt. All vegetable growing farmers were selected to participate in the study.Tools:1- an interviewing questionnaire composed of two parts;first part was designed to assess demographic and occupational characteristics, and the second part was designed to assess workers' knowledge about health hazards of pesticides exposure.2- Checklist composed of two parts; the first part observational chicklist for inspection of use of safety measures, and the second part to assess the rate ofself reported symptoms after pesticide exposure.The main results: the current study showed that the percentage of satisfactory knowledge among studied workers improved from 17.4% before intervention to 80.2% after intervention. Regarding use of safety measures the data revealed that the percentage of satisfactory safety practice among studied workers before intervention was 12.8 % that improved to 89.5% % after intervention. There was significant reduction in the rate of self-reported symptoms after intervention program. There were statistical significant difference at all manifestations (p< 0.005%) except thirst (0.131). Conclusions: the level of satisfactory knowledge among farmers increased and the safety practices of the farmers during pesticides use also improved after receiving the health hazard intervention. The prevalence of self- reported symptoms of acute pesticide poisoning among the farmers decreased after receiving the health hazard intervention. Recommendation: further researches and more training for Egyptian farmers are needed for safe practice during of pesticide application.

Abstract:Background and aim: Pain, stress and anxiety is common experiences among critically ill patients in intensive care units. High level of stress and anxiety may be affect critically ill patients hemodynamic situation negatively. In present study, we used music as a non-pharmacologic method with this hypothesis that music distracts patients’ attention and decreases their heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and respiratory rate.
Material and methods: In a randomized controlled clinical trial, 38 patients who were admitted to ICU because of severe head injury were randomly assigned to group "A" (control group) or group "B" (intervention group). Patients in group “A” received usual care. In addition to usual care, patients in group “B” listened preferred music (music played by MP4 player with special headphones for 30 minutes two time per day (7 am and 18 pm) for two week. Patients’ physiologic parameters (heart rate, oxygen saturation, diastolic and systolic blood pressure) were measured with using standard apparatus (S1800-ER model) by researcher (PD) immediately before, immediately after and 30 minute after intervention.
Results: The demographic characteristics including age, sex, marital status and level of education in time of ICUs admission were similar in patients in group “A” and “B” (p>0.05). All hemodynamic parameters in present study showed more stability in patients who listened to music in compared to patients in control group. However these differences in all time were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: According to finding of present study, listening to preferred music has not negative effect on critically ill patients’ hemodynamic parameter. Music should be considered by clinicians as a non-pharmacological, non-invasive, simple, cheap, safe, and effective method for reliving patients’ distress in severe head injury patients in ICUs.

Abstract: Background: The most important clinical goal or purpose of clinical care is to reduce the severity of symptoms and stresses caused by it, so that the quality of life is preserved. Due to the nature of chronic diseases and the inadequacy of existing programs, there is a need for pattern and follow-up care affecting the quality of life of these patients. One of these models is the follow-up care. The purpose of this study was to have an integrative review and to provide a comprehensive understanding and discovering the effects of follow-up care model on different aspects of quality of life of patients based on the studies that have been up to this day. Materials and Methods: This study is a review article which has been conducted with the use of all articles published in this regard so far (2002-2015) and the key words of follow-up care, quality of life and chronic diseases on internet search databases such as Yahoo, Google and other medical databases like Google Scholar, Pubmed, Scopus, SID, Iranmedx; by searching and obtaining the original articles, the current article have been written.Results: That most studies had been conducted on patients with physical chronic disease, and only one study had been conducted on patients with chronic mental disorders, all studies confirm the effectiveness of follow-up care model on quality of life are of variety of chronic diseases Conclusion: Based on the results, it is suggested that more studies should be conducted on patients with chronic mental disorders so the effects of follow-up care model on all aspects of chronic mental disorders would be determined and more precise results would be obtained. On the other hand, based on its pandemic benefits of this model, and due to a need for using new care models for improving the health of patients with chronic diseases, it is suggested that follow-up care model should be used in health policies as an organized and appropriate model alongside with other care and family models.

Abstract: Background: - Eating patterns such as eating frequency, skipping of breakfast, and frequency of meals eaten away from home might influence school-going children's nutritional status, which then influences their health and academic performance. Aim of the study: to assess the eating patterns and scholastic achievement among school age students in Anshas EL Ramel Village. Design: descriptive analytical study design. Setting: school age children attending governmental and private primary schools at the Anshas El-Raml Village of sharkia governorate Sample: A cluster random sample technique used in this study, it consisted of 737 students (boys & girls) in age group (7-12 year) randomly selected. Tools: Data were collected by using interviewing  questioner  which covers socio-demographic data and all items related eating patterns and scholastic achievement among students, Results: less than half of school children had taking breakfast before going to school and Scholastic achievement was average among more than two thirds of boys and less than two thirds of girls. Conclusion: There were statistically significant relation between scholastic achievement and healthy eating pattern. Recommendation: The study findings the followings are recommended to develop health educational program for schools age children regarding healthy lifestyle to improve healthy nutrients, eating patterns and their importance of scholastic achievement.     

Abstract: Beginning in 2008, President Obama made it known that every American citizen should have access to affordable health care. His plan to overhaul the health care industry took plenty of criticism, but as great leaders do in the face of adversity, the team stayed persistent in its’ efforts to change America for the better. Since its’ implementation into law in 2010, the Affordable Care Act or Obama Care has made great strides towards improving the American population quality of life. By making universal healthcare available to all Americans, many individuals believed that this major overhaul to health care reform would prove to be a massive disaster. However, studies show that the number of people now with health insurance is much greater than before the enactment of Obama Care. Resulting from of the Affordable Care Act, over thirty-two million Americans would not have been covered by insurance are now insured, and Americans citizens will continue to have affordable access to coverage shortly.  As with all new programs and laws, there will be issues with them, but overall, the good outweighs the bad. The Affordable Care Act has had a significant impact on the lives of many Americans.

Abstract: This study explored three main indicators for maternal health status that is the antenatal care, skilled attendance at birth and postnatal care. It was conducted with the main objective of determining the factors influencing utilization of maternal health services in Kenya. A probit model was estimated on antenatal care, hospital delivery and postnatal care respectively. A national representative data (Kenya demographic and household survey-KDHS, 2008) was used. From the study result, age of the mother, secondary education, more than secondary education, birth order, richer wealth quintile, richest wealth quintile and access to information were significant factors which influence utilization of antenatal care. Hospital delivery was shown to be influenced significantly by age, primary education, secondary education, more than secondary education, birth order, residence, and all wealth indexes, access to information. On the other, primary education levels and secondary education levels were shown to be statistically significant in influencing postnatal care. Analysis across and within the models indicate that education significantly determine utilization of the three models antenatal care, hospital delivery and postnatal care whereby in all cases, it increases the usage. Similar to education, age of the mother also influences usage of Antenatal care and hospital delivery positively and significantly. Finally, the study found out that access to information positively and significantly led to increase in utilization of antenatal care and hospital delivery while birth order reduces the usage of both antenatal and hospital delivery. In order to improve the effectiveness of the health policy, the government should have to introduce more health care facilities to enhance consumption of Antenatal and hospital delivery. Since each level of education leads to improved utilization of these services, there is need for the government to introduce more institutions to increase knowledge and consequently knowledge on usage of these services. There is need for increased utilization of family planning services among mothers which encourages the respondents to reduce the number of children born by a single mother in order to improve usage of hospital delivery. Finally, messages through other modes of communicating are important as they are shown to accelerate usage of health care services.

Abstract: Background: childhood overweight and obesity have become a major concern worldwide. Beyond the genetic predisposition with regard to weight gain the overall rapid increase in the past three decades primarily involves environmental and behavioral factors which need to be more clearly identified. Although there is growing evidence for the contribution of decreasing physical activity and several questions remain over the role of dietary factors. Aims and objectives: The study aimed at assessing the knowledge of the mothers of under five children, to compare the level of knowledge and to find out the association between the levels of knowledge with selected socio-demographic variables. Material and Methods: A two group pre-test post-test pre-experimental approach was adopted. The study was conducted among 60 mothers of under five children selected from rural community areas of Bangalore.  The content validity of the tool and teaching plan was established. Results: Result of study indicates that the post test knowledge score of the mothers of under five children was increased significantly from 40% to 60%Conclusion: This study concluded that planned teaching programme is an effective tool to improve the knowledge of mothers of under five children on childhood obesity.

Abstract: Nearly 80% of work force in Egypt are involved in agriculture and exposed to agriculture pesticides. The aimof the present study was to assess knowledge, practice and self-reported symptoms of farmers about hazards of pesticide exposure.Design:A descriptive correlational designwas utilized. Setting and Sample: Simple random sample was used to select one village (Shentena- El-hagar) in Birket El-sab,ei district at Menoufia governorate Egypt. All vegetable growing farmers were selected (86) to participate in the study.Tools; 1- an interviewing questionnaire composed of two parts; socio-demographic characteristics and farmers' knowledge about pesticides exposure. 2- Checklist; the first was used for safety measures and the scond for  self-reported symptoms.The main results of the present study: It showed that 17.4% of studied farmers had satisfactory knowledge and 12.8% had satisfactory use of safety measures. The majority of studied farmers reported that they suffering from many manifestations; headache 83.7%, dizziness 87.2%, blurred vision 95.3%, nausea 95.3%, cough 94.2%, chest tightness 90.7% and rash 81.4%. Conclusion: the majority of farmers had unsatisfactory knowledge about pesticides and had unsatisfactory use of safety measures. Recommendation: Effective implementation of health education program and proper training was needed to improve awareness, practices of farmers about pesticide use.

Abstract: Background & Aim: Spiritual aspect of health in older people is very important issue. Although religious attitude have a positive effect in person’s life, however study about religious attitude among elderly have been largely unexamined. In present study we examined level of religious attitude among Iranian older people.
Methods: This cross sectional descriptive study conducted between Aprils to July 2015 in Shahrekord, South west of Iran. Using random sampling, 308 people older than 60 year that admitted in Shahrekord hospitals were invited to participate in the study. The data were collected, using a questionnaire with items relating to demographic data and Religious Attitude Scale Questionnaire. The Religious Attitude Scale Questionnaire is a 40-item inventory where each item is scored using a five-point Likert scale. Religious attitude score was calculated between 40 and 200. Those who gained 40 to 84 had low religious attitude and a score of 166 to 200 indicated a high religious attitude.
Results: All participants were Muslim. The mean ages of participant were 72.49±8.81. The mean score of religious attitude were 140.68±30.14. Of 308 people who participate in present study, 212 (68.8%) showed high religious attitude and the rest showed low religious attitude. Participants age, marital status and living type affect their level of religious attitude significantly (P<0.05).
Conclusion: According to finding of present study, most Iranian older people have high level of religious attitude. Further study in this regards recommended specially among older people with different culture and religious belief.

Abstract: Back ground & Objective: Study of short stature (SS) in children with special reference to etiology & management.
Methods: Prospective analytic study done in indoor patients at a tertiary care center from Oct 2013 to Sept 2015. Anthropometry was used for screening of short stature.
Results: In present study, Total Incidence of short stature was 9.3% while proportionate SS was in 94.15% and disproportionate SS was in 5.85%. Etiology wise, Pathological (69%) is more common than Physiological (31%).In Physiological variety; Constitutional SS was seen in 68.2% while familial SS was in 31.8%.In Pathological variety- Haematological causes were maximum it accounts for 21.33%, majority were thalassemia patients (14.64%) followed by Respiratory involvement (10.87%), commonly in asthma patients(6.6%); Cardiovascular causes (10%), majority patients have VSD(5.0%);  CNS involvement (9.6%); Genetic syndromes (8.7%),maximum in Downs syndrome(5.8%); Renal system(8.3%),maximum in nephrotic syndrome(6.2%); Endocrinological (6.2%),maximum in hypothyroidism(3.2%); GI &Metabolic disorders accounts for 2.9% each ,maximum among Diabetes Mellitus (1.6%); Orthopedic problems were seen in 2.5% patients. Bone age was normal (equal to chronological age) in 29.28% of patients, while it was abnormal (<chronological age) in 70.72% patients.
Interpretation & Conclusion: Patients of physiological SS, have low growth velocity but in their target range. Patients of pathological SS, early recognition of growth abnormality and early intervention in form of treatment & control of chronic disease, hormone therapy, adequate nutrition, replacement of deficient vitamins & minerals maintains adequate growth velocity.

Abstract: Background and Aim: Hemodialysis is accompanied by various physical, mental, social, and economic problems that may affect patients’ quality of life. Therefore, evaluation of this variable and its related factors can be beneficial in achieving the care objectives. This study aimed to determine the quality of life and its demographic, physical, and treatment-related factors in patients referring to hemodialysis centers of Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
Methods: In this cross-sectional, analytical study, 241 adult patients with determined inclusion criteria were selected from 12 dialysis centers in Guilan provience by systematic randomized method. The study data were gathered using a researcher-made questionnaire including demographic, physical and treatment-related features as well as the Persian version of Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form (KDQOL-SF) scored from 0 to 100 into physical and mental dimensions and kidney components by self-reporting method. Higher KDQOL represented better life quality. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to determine the relationship between the total quality of life and the factors related to its dimensions.
Results: The patients’ quality of life score was 54.00+13.33 that had significant relationship with female gender (P<0.0001), old age (P<0.002), low education levels (P<0.0001), Unemployment (P<0.0001), not being the household head (P<0.003), living in rural areas (P<0.043), without history of kidney transplantation (P<0.038), dialysis center (P<0.019), higher Charlson’s comorbidity index (<0.0001), lower hemoglobin levels (P<0.011)and hematocrit levels (P<0.042). The results of regression analysis indicated that female gender, Unemployment, and higher Charlson’s comorbidity index are the predictors of hemodialysis patients’ low quality of life.
Conclusion: The relationship between the hemodialysis patients’ low quality of life and controllable factors highlights the necessity of special plan to improve patients’ quality of life by social support and medical interventions.
Keywords: Hospitalized patients, End-stage renal disease, Predicting factors, Quality of life, Hemodialysis.
Title: Assessment of quality of life among Iranian hemodialysis patients: A multicenter study
Author: Sara Rahimi, Mojgan Baghaei, Mahboobe Shali, Leila dehghankar, Hossein Rafiei
ISSN 2394-7330
International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing
Novelty Journals

Abstract: Providing physical, economic and emotional supports have negative impacts on the family as the caregiver or immediate individual within the family giving care to mentally-ill patients. The number of mentally ill is growing within the society, both developed and developing. Aims of the study were to examine subjective burden and sociodemographic factors that correlate with severity of burden among informal care-givers in Benin-city, Nigeria. Instrument was 22-item Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) with internal consistency of 0.92, which is a self-report measure of subjective burden. 237 informal care-givers were recruited for study and findings show 5.1% prevalence of severe burden, 80% overall burden and significant relationships between burden and relationship of informal care-giver (x2 =0.000, p≤0.05), income (x2 =0.001, p≤0.05) and length of involvement in the care (x2 =0.010, p≤0.05).

Abstract: Background &Aim: Nurses’ health status can directly impact the performance of health system at different level. The aim of this study was to examine Iranian registered nurses’ level of general health.
Material and methods: This cross sectional study conducted from March to June 2015 in in five hospitals. With using stratified sampling method, 123 nurses from educational hospitals of Qazvin in North of Iran were recruited as the subjects for this study. Data were collected with using demographics questionnaire, and the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28). All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software (v17.0; PASW Statistics) and a variable was considered to be statistically significant if P< 0.05.
Results: Of the 123 nurses, who participate in present study, 88.6% were female and the rest were male. The mean score of general health were 24.3±11.1. Among four scales of GHQ-28, higher and lower score were related to social dysfunction and depressive symptoms respectively. Among demographics characteristic’s, only nurses sex were related to their general health (mean score of women nurses were higher in compared to men nurses).
Conclusion: Results of present study revealed that Iranian nurses general health is not in good level. Appropriate strategy in health care organization to investigate nurses’ health level is recommended. Moreover, interventional programs to identify, and relieve factors that affect nurses general health should be developed.
Keywords: Nurses, general health, GHQ-28, risk factors.
Title: General Health of Iranian Registered Nurses: A Cross Sectional Study
Author: Leila Dehghankar, Saeedeh Askarian Omran, Fateme Hassandoost, Seddegeh Abbas Pour, Zinat Jourabchi, Hossein Rafiei.
International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing
ISSN 2394-7330
Novelty Journals

Abstract: Introduction: Maternal deaths are unacceptably high in developing countries. The MDGs were therefore set to reduce it by two-third by the close of 2015. Methods:  We conducted a cross sectional descriptive study among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in the Hohoe Municipality. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire from 261 pregnant women who attended antenatal clinic from five randomly selected facilities between June and July 2014. In-depth interview was conducted with five midwives from randomly selected facilities to assess their knowledge on birth preparedness and complication readiness. Focus group discussion was held with health committee members in the same five selected communities in the Municipality. Results: Knowledge of danger signs among the pregnant women was high(Abnormal presentation 90.2%, umbilical cord prolapse 85.8%, swollen feet and face 86.3%, preterm baby 85.1%, heamorrhage 93.5%, loosing liquor 90.4%) but midwives did not educate them on  birth preparedness and complication readiness at the antenatal clinic. Educational status, marital status and parity has no association with level of birth preparedness and complication readiness (Education: OR=1.252, CI; 0.669, 2.345;  p-0.713; Marital Status: OR=1.048, CI; 0.546, 2.008; p-0.713; Parity: OR= 0.977, CI; 0.452, 2.008; p-0.952; Residence: OR=1.252, CI; 0.669, 2.345; p- 0.482). The level of birth preparedness and complication readiness among pregnant women attending ANC at Hohoe municipality is very low (19.2%). Conclusion: Strengthening information, education and communication system in all health facilities and involvement of community members in BP/CR plans is very crucial in reducing maternal mortality and improving the health status of women.

Abstract: Malaria is endemic in Pakistan, however many efforts have been done from decades (WHO, 2013). This study was conducted on the prevention of malaria in Shireen Jinnah colony located in the Gulshan, Sikandarabad, Karachi, Pakistan. Similarly, malaria is one of the prone diseases that can spread in the community because there was stagnant water in the streets that enhance the breeding of mosquitoes and unclean homes that increase the risk of malaria.
Aim of Study: The aim of our study was to mobilize community members to prevent community from malaria.
Methodology: 50 females were selected through convenient sampling. Using cross sectional study type a questionnaire was filled up by all participants from the community.
Results: The result is that out of 50 participants 66% ever suffer from malaria and 40% are suffering from malaria in community. Moreover, 72% have knowledge that it is a preventable disease. About 100% have admitted that there are mosquitoes on community and 80% said that mosquitoes present in their homes. Additionally, 60% claimed on stagnant water present in community, 32% said about prevention committee comes in their community. About 44% use coil, 32% use spray, 14% use net and 10% use other measure to control malaria.
Conclusion: In conclusion, participants were suffering from malaria and there were many risk factors that increase the risk of malaria. The people had enough knowledge of ways to prevent malaria as they use net, spray and coils to prevent themselves from mosquitoes.
Keywords: Community Mobilization, Malaria Elimination, Shireen Jinnah colony.
Title: Community Mobilization for Malaria Elimination in Shireen Jinnah Colony, Karachi Pakistan
Author: Saima Salim, Sana Saleem, Abdullah Mohsin, Muhammed Zahir Shah, Afzal Khan, Shireen Arif, Adeel Ilyas
ISSN 2394-7330
International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing
Novelty Journals

Abstract: Clozapine (CLZ) is one of the most frequently prescribed antipsychotic for schizophrenia (SCH), especially for treatment resistant SCH. CLZ is known to have a positive effect on negative symptoms of SCH, suicide risk, cognition and antipsychotic-induced movement disorder. It is debated that many beneficial properties of CLZ might be due to its active metabolite, N-Desmethylclozapine (NDMC). On the contrary, CLZ is also thought to antagonize some of the beneficial properties of NDMC. In this paper, we will discuss the action of NDMC on various receptors in brain and peripheral system – muscarinic (M), serotonergic (5-HT), dopaminergic (DA) opioid, adrenergic, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), Calcium ion channel and histaminergic receptors, giving emphasis on its action on muscarinic receptor in light of recent evidence that suggests that NDMC may have pro-cognitive property by improving working memory through its action on muscarinic receptor. Lastly, we will also try to answer if NDMC has the potential to use as a solo antipsychotic.

Abstract: Cyber-bullying has become widespread, and is generating growing concerns as with the increased use of communication technology, and it affects students and school climates in general. The Aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence /or Frequency, Consequences and Experiences of Secondary School Students about emergence of bullying and cyber-bullying. Design: descriptive design was used. Methods: Setting; this study was conducted in two Governmental secondary schools; one for boys and one for girls at Shebin El-Kom City, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt. Sample: A random sample of 260 students from Secondary School Students was selected. Tools: Semi structured self-reported questionnaire to collect a) socio-demographic data; gender, age, B) Traditional or School Bullying questionnaire and C) Cyber-bulling questionnaire. It was developed by the researchers based on the current related literatures. The results of the study:  It was revealed that the frequency of traditional Bullying and Cyber-Bullying was 94% and 84.8 % respectively among the total studied sample. The different types of traditional Bullying by Gender; the highest type was "name calling" representing 70.5% for boys and 65.4% for girls, physical bullying represents 14.3% for boys and 8.5% for girls.  The types of Cyber-bullying by Gender showed that; threats was reported among girls 25% than 18% of boys, harassment represented to be 20 % of girls than12 % of boys. Regarding the consequences /or negative effect of cyber-bullying on the victim by Gender, It revealed that 20% of boys and girls complaining from angry feelings, whereas, Suicidal thoughts was higher among girls than boys (14% and 11.4% respectively). The present study conclusion that the emergence frequency of Cyber-Bullying as well as the traditional Bullying represent a very high percentage (84.8 % and 94% respectively) among the total studied sample of secondary school students. A statistical significance difference between exposure time of cyber-bullying and the negative effect on the victim experienced it as reported by them. Recommendations: a). Bullying requires immediate action. B) Health promotion for parents and family members to address bullying problems by monitoring their child’s use of electronic media. C). Schools program should develop intervention practices to build a positive school climate and repairing harm when it happens. D) Have strong anti-bullying policies.

Abstract: Brucellosis is a neglected bacterial zoonotic disease in many countries affecting both humans and animals. Brucellosis is an occupational hazard of livestock farmers, dairy workers, veterinarians, slaughterhouse workers, and laboratory personnel, all of whom are considered to belong to the high-risk occupational group. The aim of this study was to determine the Farmers' Awareness “Knowledge, Attitude and Practice” regarding Brucellosis as a Neglected Emerging Infectious Diseases in Rural Areas.Design: a descriptive analytical design was used. Setting: This study was conducted into two villages affiliated to one district in Menoufia Governorate. Sample: A systematic random sample of 164 farmers “Males and females” was selected.  The subjects were selected from the agriculture committee in the two villages. Instruments: Structured interviewed questionnaire was used for data collection including the: Questions related to socio-demographic data, and Brucellosis KAP questionnaire: Results:- shows that, nearest sixty percent of male compared to sixty five percent of female have ever heard about brucellosis. Regarding to their knowledge about methods of transmission of brucellosis from an animal to another; about one third of male and female mentioned that direct mixing contact with the diseased animal, while 55.6% of female compared to 38.6 of male mentioned that mating is the method  of infection transmission between animals. Regarding the factors that increase the transmission of the disease about two third of the studied sample mentioned that direct contact with animals. Regarding farmers practice when the animals infected, 26.6% of the illiterate farmers sold the animal in the market while 44.4% of the participant who had university education call the vet when the animal infected .74.7% of male farmers compared to 60.5% of females had poor knowledge about brucellosis while the minority had fair knowledge. Whereas moderate risk total practice score represents 44.6% which was higher than 43.4% who had high risk total practice score among male farmers that was reversed among females farmers. Conclusion: The majority of the studied sample had poor total knowledge scores about brucellosis. Nearest half of the famers had poor practice so there is a high risk of exposure of brucellosis through the consumption of infected milk products, as well as through farmer’s practices regarding infected animal. The positive total attitude score represents 66.7% among female’s farmers that were higher than male farmers that represent 56.6%.  Recommendation:  Health education for the farmers about brucellosis, at primary health care setting in rural areas and mass media including the following;  methods of transmission and prevention in humans and animals.

Abstract: This research aims at an in-depth study of the lived experiences of adults who had an early and repetitive contact with death. The use of semi-structured interviews with seven participants who had an early and repetitive contact with death through their fathers' work as funeral directors, revealed that this contact with death, and the subsequent social stigma, does not seem to be a traumatic event. On the contrary, it is an event that leads to psychological maturity, closer interpersonal relationships with the family and a more positive stance on life. This is the result of many factors: information provided within the educational system; participation to the funeral ritual; viewing death as a comforting event, in case of sickness, and as a way for people to go to a better place; and the use of many defence techniques and mechanisms.

Abstract: Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness. It is characterized by disturbances in thought and verbal behavior, perception, affect, motor behavior and relationship to the external world. The study explores the knowledge, attitude and practices among the caregivers of Schizophrenic patients. In this study purposive sampling was used to select total 50 caregivers of schizophrenic patients. The study reveals that in spite of less education caregivers are aware about the schizophrenic disorder as they used to discuss about the illness with the doctor, majority of them maintained healthy relationship with the patient and also accepted the patient, it indicates positive attitude towards the patient,40% of them feel upset as they are psychologically not strong enough to take care of the patient. 44% of the respondents opined that they think the spiritual activity/black magic will help in recovery of the patient. As most of the care givers are less educated they are partially aware about schizophrenic disorder. Due to the partially knowledge about the disorder many of them are having superstitious belief that it will cure by going to the temple and black magic. But still, they have a positive attitude towards the patients as they have a strong emotional bond with the patients.
Keywords: Attitude, Caregiver, Knowledge, Practices, Schizophrenia.
Title: A Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practices among the Caregivers of Person with Schizophrenia
Author: Mrs.Savitha
ISSN 2394-7330
International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing
Novelty Journals

Abstract: Oxygen therapy is a treatment providing more than 21% oxygen to the patients. It is necessary to take into account its indications, side effects and prescribing methods. Specific oxygen delivering devices are available and it is categorised into fixed and variable performance devices. Choice of these devices depends on condition of individual patients. Oxygen can be prescribed as uncontrolled oxygen therapy or controlled oxygen therapy which also depends on the disease state of the patients. Risks and benefits of oxygen should be balanced, however it should not be prevented in any crisis condition.

Abstract: This study aimed at measuring the level of acquiring mental persisting habit among basic fourth class students in science subject, and investigating the impact of sex and environment on this acquisition. Furthermore, exploring the relationship between this acquisition and the critical thinking. To achieve research objectives, a descriptive approach was used. Two questionnaires were developed, one to measure persisting, and the another to measure critical thinking. Having checked and ensured the reliability and validity of these two questionnaires, both questionnaires were distributed to a random selected sample of (135) students from basic fourth class at schools in the Syrian city of Tartous. The obtained data then analyzed using descriptive statistics (Mean, Median, and SD) and inferential statistics (Correlation Coefficient and T-test) from SPSS package.  Study results showed that study sample possesses a high level of mental persisting with female and male students have equal levels. There is a significant difference between rural students and urban students in their persisting levels with rural students being the highest. The results also showed a statistically significant strong positive correlation between persisting and critical thinking. A package of educational and teaching programmes are suggested in this study to boost persisting among basic education students in general with special interest to fourth year class students.