Abstract:Introduction: nursing professionalism is an essential ideal of professional works, which enhances nursing competency. Professionalism in nursing plays a paramount role to attain the goals of health care system and nursing care provided to patients that enhance patient satisfaction and improve patients’ outcome. Aims: study aims to apply the nursing professionalism evaluation model to nurses' competency outcomes. Method: a quasi-experimental design was used. The study was conducted at Damanhour National Medical Institute. 210 nurses took part in this study. Three questionnaires were used for data collection; the first questionnaire related to demographic characteristics, the second questionnaire is nursing professionalism tool which includes 28 items divided into three domains; and the third questionnaire is nursing competency outcome which includes 32 items divided into eight domains. Results: the mean age of studied nurses was 36.54±8.91year and the mean of nursing experience was 14.6±8.31 years. The results shows a marked improvement in clinical competency, face to face interview and peer review post educational program of nurses with a statistically significant difference at (P= < 0.01) between pre / post-application models of nurses. Also, there is a marked improvement in assessment, intervention, management, and leadership skills post educational program of nurses with a statistically significant difference at (P= < 0.01) among pre / post-application models of nurses. Conclusions: There is a highly significant positive correlation between total nursing professionalism among the studied nurses’ competency. There is also a marked improvement in nursing competency and nursing professionalism post educational program.
Keywords:Nursing Professionalism, Nursing competency, Outcome, health care.

Abstract:Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is agold standard procedure for management of gallbladder stone. Gallstones (cholelithiasis) are the most common cause of biliary tract disease in adults. The single most important protective strategy for the surgical nurse is to be a knowledgeable, had positive attitude and safe practitioner (surgical Procedure), of nursing and to meet the standards of care with all patients. Aim: of this study was to assess knowledge, practices and attitude of nurses' performance regarding care of patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Design: A descriptive exploratory design was be used Setting: Surgical department at Saied Galal in Bab ElSharia and ElHussein Hospital affiliated to Alazhar UniversitySample: A convenient sample of all available nurses (50 nurses) from both sex working in surgical department Tools for data collection: Tool I: Self-administered interview questionnaire, consists of two parts: Part 1 (sociedemographic characteristics and part II nurses' knowledge of the (anatomy and physiology of gall bladder…..etc.)Tool II: Attitude of the nurses working with the patient undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Tool III: Observational checklist sheet to assess level of nurses' practice. Results: Most of the nurses included in the study had unsatisfactory level of knowledge, incompetent practice and negative attitude toward care of patient undergoing Laparoscopic cholecystectomy .In addition there was a highly statistically significant difference between nurses' socio-demographic characteristics and their knowledge, reported practiceand attitude. Conclusion: Nurses` knowledge, practice and attitude regarding nursing care of patient undergoing Laparoscopic cholecystectomy are at a poor and inadequate level and need developing nursing care standards to improve nurses` knowledge and practice .There was a positive correlation between nurses' knowledge, total reported practice and their attitude. Recommendations: -Individualized Education programs (IEP) for nurses should be established about proper pre and post-operative care for patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy in advanced and comprehensive manner.
Keywords:Laparoscopic, cholecystectomy, nurses performance.

Abstract:Physical and psychological stress are common after Open Heart Surgery .Critical care nurse has a vital role in pre and postoperative education and interventions which improve physiological and psychological outcomes. Aim :  This study was carried out to investigate Effect evidence of pre and post-operative care for open heart surgery patients on physiological and psychological Outcomes .  Design:A quasi-experimental research design. Setting: The study was carried out in Cardiothoracic Department and open heart Intensive Care Unit at Sohag University Hospital.  Subjects: A purposive sample of 60 adult patients undergoing open heart surgery they were reviewed for potential enrollment in the study.( 30 study group) received routine hospital care in addition to evidence of pre and post-operative care for open heart surgery patient’s while the (30 control group)  received routine hospital care only. Tools: three tools were utilized to collect data Tool I:-Patient assessment sheet. Tool II: physiological Assessment sheet. Tool III: psychological assessment sheet: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Methods:  the researcher applying the evidence of pre and post-operative care for study group a day before operation to assess and equip the patient with theoretical and practical sessions according to patient need and implement practical sessions from 1st day in Intensive Care Unit until discharge  , assessment of both group was done using previous tools .Results: a significant statistical differences were existed in study group compared to control group  P<0.001  in relation to physiological and psychological outcomes  . Conclusion and Recommendation: Applying the evidence of pre and post-operative care are effective in improving physiological and psychological Outcomes for open heart surgery patients, So The study recommended to incorporate Pre and post-operative care into routine nursing care practice to prepare patients for open heart surgery.
Keywords:Evidence of pre & post-operative care, open heart surgery, physiological & psychological outcomes.

Abstract:Sharps injuries are a serious hazard in any health care agency among all health care staff including nursing interns. Sharps injuries can result in the transmission of serious infectious diseases and unintentional injury with its regular complications with negative drawbacks on health care staff, the institution as well as the entire community. This study aimed to: assess factors associated with sharp injuries among nursing interns. Research Question:What are the factors associated with sharp injuries among nursing interns? Research design: An exploratory descriptive research design was used. Setting: This study was conducted at Damanhour National Medical Institute, El Behaira Governorate in hemodialysis unit and operation units. Subjects: convenience sample of 100 nursing internswho are working in hemodialysis unit and operating departments (66)in  hemodialysis unit and 34 in operating departments ) were include in the study out of 110 nurses, the other 10% (eleven) nursing interns were included in the pilot study.
Tools: Two tools were used: Tool I: nursing interns' characteristics and clinical training questionnaire and Tool II: Factors associated with work related sharp injuries among nursing interns. Results: The present study revealed that the majority of subjects had sharp injury while closing needle tip after use due to inadequate supply of barrier products/specialized PPE. The most factors affecting accident/risk related to handling healthcare sharps was while separating needle from the injector followed by provision of the required PPE adequate for use all the time. Conclusion: There are no clear work procedures/guidelines or standard guidelines for handling used disposable healthcare sharps in the unit. Recommendations: provide each unit in the agency with simple, clear and complete guide protocol for handling of all types of sharps and provide health care agency with adequate and complete PPE needed in each unit with manual of perfect use.
Keywords:sharp injuries, nursing interns.

Abstract:Increased smoking is a worldwide problem that not only includes cigarette smoking but other types such as shisha smoking, which is especially common in Arabs countries. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia about 30,000 people die every year because of smoking associated diseases. Few articles have been published about cigarette smoking among females but there is no research on shisha smoking among Saudi females. Aim of the study: To describe the Saudi Population attitudes toward shisha smoking among females and to describe their socio-demographic characteristics which affect their attitude. To measure the knowledge regarding shisha smoking and the hazards related to, and to test the relationships between knowledge and attitude of Saudi population toward shisha smoking among females. Methods: Convenient sample of +100 males and females enrolled in the study, a scale used by other researcher was used to assess the knowledge and attitude of Saudi population regarding females’ shisha smoking. Results: 85% of the participants have a correct knowledge about the health hazards of smoking and about 50% of them have a negative attitude regarding females’ shisha smoking.
Keywords:Knowledge, Attitude, Saudi Population, Shisha, Smoking, Saudi Females, Makkah.

Abstract:Stroke is a common, serious, and disabling global health-care problem and patients must compliance to life style modifications for preventing potential complications as recurrence of cerebrovascular stroke. This study aimedto evaluate the effect of educational guidelines on compliance to life style modification for cerebral vascular stroke patients through the following1- assess patients' compliance with life style modifications among patients with recurrent, 2- plan and implement educational guidelines for patients with cerebrovascular stroke3- Evaluate effect of education guidelines on compliances for patients' with cerebrovascular stroke. Research hyposis: educational guidelines will affect positively on compliances with life style modifications among patients with recurrent cerebrovascular stroke. Design: A quasi experimental design. Setting: stroke out patients' clinic at Ain Shams University Hospitals/ Egypt.Subject: A purposive sample of 70 adult patients, and divided in two group study and control group with recurrence cerebrovascular stroke. Tools: 1) Stroke patients' structured interview questionnaire. 2) Patients' compliance with life style modifications assessment tool. Results: there were highly statistically significant relation between knowledge and compliance to life style modifications between study and control group.Conclusions: there was significant relation between total level of patients' compliance and both of their level of knowledge. Recommendation: Establishing cerebrovascular stroke educational program to provide knowledge about recurrent cerebrovascular stroke and its associated life style modifications.
Keywords:Cerebrovascular stroke, Compliance, Life styles modifications.

Abstract:Safe managing of doctors’ verbal/phone orders helps to provide safe care, reduce mortality and morbidity, and decrease the length of hospital stay and cost. Patient safety is highly linked to the attitudes of health care providers, where those with more positive attitudes achieve higher degrees of patient safety. Aim: The study aimed to improve safe managing of doctors’ verbal/phone ordersand investigate its effect on patient safety culture among nurses. Design: A quasi-experimental design with one group pre-post assessment was used in this study. Setting: The study was conducted at the surgical units at El- Demerdash Surgical Hospital affiliated to Ain Shams University Hospitals. Subjects: 60 staff nurses participated in the study. Tools of data collection: knowledge questionnaire, an observation checklist, audit sheet, and patient safety culture survey. Results:less than three quarters of the staff nurses had satisfactory knowledge in the pre-intervention phase and reached 93.3% at post-intervention phase; less than one third of them had adequate performance when receiving telephone orders before the intervention which increased significantly after the intervention to 96.6%; one quarter of staff nurses had adequate performance regarding documentation of telephone orders in the patient medical file before the intervention phase compared to 98.3% of them after the intervention. Moreover, there was statistically significant improvement in total patient safety culture after intervention. Conclusion: There was improvement in staff nurses’ knowledge and performance when managing doctors’ verbal/phone orders, associated with boosting of patient safety culture among staff nurses. Recommendations: The hospital is in need of developing a written policy about safe managing of doctors’ verbal/phone orders and implementing it. A well-constructed internal auditing and feedback for improving patient safety in hospital care is highly recommended.
Keywords:Patient Safety culture, staff nurses, Verbal/phone orders.

Abstract:Male same-sex intimate partner violence is a preventable and serious social problem worldwide, including in the United States. Conflicting data sets posit that members of the LGBT community are at higher risk to be perpetrators and victims of intimate partner violence. The current and rapid ascendency of the COVID-19 virus has thrust the United States into unchartered territory concerning shelter-in-place orders, which may be construed as quarantines. In addition, the current panic level of many individuals in the United States has contributed to food and supply hoarding and has increased the stress level of many Americans. These shelter-in-place orders can provide catastrophic results for those that are in a relationship that is rife with domestic violence. The potential for risk of abuse is compounded by not just staying at home with the abuser, but also thwarting crucial social supports who cannot be in close proximity or who are only accessible through phone calls or texts. Moreover, mental health practitioners are now utilizing telemedicine that does not guarantee confidentiality or protection for the victims, further enabling hopelessness for the abused. It is urgent that we address this situation in the social literature.
Keywords:abuse, COVID-19, gay men, intimate partner violence, shelter-in-place, resources.

Abstract:Job crafting at nursing refers to proactive behavior aimed at optimizing the fit between nurses' competencies and their job. Job crafting is a new trend at the moment in the healthcare sector. The way nurses can model their jobs has an effect on the quality of care offered to consumers. Recent studies have shown that job crafting is positively related to work engagement, job satisfaction and job performance.  Research hypothesis: There was positive effect of effect of first-line nurse manager' job crafting model application on nurses' performance effectiveness.Methodology: Quasi experimental research design was conducted at inpatient medical and surgical care units and its specialties at a Governmental Hospital. Subject composed of 200 nurses and 24 first-line managers. First tool; self-administered questionnaire containing two parts; demographic data of nurses and knowledge questionnaire sheet. Second tool; job crafting questionnaire, third tool; six-dimension scale of nursing performance. Results:there was marked improvement at mean scores of first-line nurse managers according to overall knowledge about job crafting at pre, immediately post and after three months of awareness workshop application with highly statistical significant difference where p value <0.01. Additionally, there was highly significant positive correlation between job crafting of first-line nurse managers and nurses' performance effectiveness and overall knowledge (P= .000, and .000, respectively). While, there was statistical significant positive correlation between first-line nurse managers over knowledge and nurses' performance effectiveness (P= .012).Conclusions: To conclude, the present study revealed that application of job crafting model for first-line manager had positive impact on nurses' performance effectiveness. Also, awareness workshop had positive effect on first-line managers' job crafting and overall knowledge regarding it. Recommendations: Apply continuous awareness workshop for first-line nurse managers regarding job crafting indifferent work settings among different managerial positions Also, maintain positive work environment through proactive personality, increasing social job resources, increasing structural job resources, increasing job demands, vigor, dedication, absorption and in-role performance through to motivate nurses for health care service effectiveness.
Keywords:Job crafting, Performance effectiveness.

Abstract:Flushing of an enteral tube is essential for maintaining hydration, nutrition and enteral tubes patency in enterally tube-fed patients. Improper or lack of enteral tube flushing (ETF) increases the risk for malnutrition and dehydration that may increase the risk for both morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. In addition, tube occlusion that it's unclogging wastes time, effort, and resources. There is a lack of study on factors affecting performance of critical care nurses regarding ETF in intensive care units (ICUs). Therefore, this study was conducted.
Aim of the study: to identify factors affecting performance of critical care nurses (CCNs) regarding ETF.
Design:A descriptive research design was used to conduct this study
Settings:The study was conducted at the ICUs of Alexandria Main University Hospital, Health Insurance Hospital (Gamal Abd-Elnaser), and the Royal Hospital.
Subjects:A convenience sample of 60 CCNs who are providing direct care for adult critically ill patients with nasogastric tube in the previous setting were included in the study.
Tools of data collection: Two tools were used for data collection: tool one: "Enteral tube flushing questionnaire" and tool two: "Enteral tube flushing performance observational checklist".
Results: It was observed that the majority of CCNs (90%) had poor knowledge and 88.3% of CCNS had unsatisfactory performance regarding ETF. Critical care nurses' age, educational level, years of experience, place of work and knowledge had statistically significant effects on CCNs' performance regarding ETF. While, organizational and patients' related factors had no statistically significant effects on CCNs' performance regarding ETF.
Conclusion: CCNs had poor knowledge and unsatisfactory performance regarding ETF in ICUs of AMUH. Recommendations: Enteral tube flushing should be done before and after each use.
Keywords:Nursing performance – Enteral flushing- Critically ill patients.

Abstract:Stress in the nursing profession can be very debilitating especially for psychiatric nurses who deal with mentally ill patients. Such patients may aggravate stress by becoming aggressive or violent. High-stress level among nurses caring for psychiatric patients can lead to somatic symptoms that will negatively affect their health, quality of life and quality of care given. Aim: To assess the association between level of stress and somatic symptoms among nurses in Jeddah Psychiatric Hospital. Methods: A correlational descriptive design with a convenience sampling technique was implemented to access 138 nurses in Jeddah psychiatric hospital using a self-reported questionnaire. A perceive stress scales (PSS) which was developed by Sheldon Cohen in 1983 was used to collect data regarding stress level. While, somatic symptoms response scale (SSRS) by Kyung et al. (2005) has been utilized to collect data relating to the somatic manifestation of stress. Results: Nurses level of stress was found to be moderate, while somatic symptoms response level was high and there was a statistically significant positive correlation between stress level and somatic symptoms stress (r= 0.19) Conclusion and recommendation: Findings indicates that the higher the stress levels, the more somatic symptoms manifestation among nurses working in Jeddah Psychiatric Hospital which indicates the need for stress management intervention via open communication forms, consulting, community cooperation or work environment modifications.
Keywords:Nurses, Psychiatric Nurses, Somatic response, Somatic Symptoms, Stress, Stress level.

Abstract:The nurse plays an important role in caring for patients with respiratory failure Disease post-weaning from Mechanical Ventilation to improve of the respiratory function for better health status. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a nursing protocol on clinical outcomes of patients with respiratory failure disease post-weaning from mechanical ventilation. Subjects and Methods: Design: A quasi experimental design was used. Setting: This study was conducted at Chest Intensive Care Unit affiliated to Ain Shams University Hospital. Sample: A purposive sample included 60 adult patients, diagnosed with respiratory failure disease, immediately post-weaning from mechanical ventilation. Tools of data collection:Patient's structured interview questionnaire, Clinical outcome assessment tool, the respiratory exercises observational checklist, Range of motion exercises observational checklist, Modified Borg Fatigue Scale, Dyspnea scale, and Hamilton anxiety scale. Results: The patients’ clinical outcomes among the study and control group were improved from the second day to the fourth day. Also, there was a statistically significant difference regarding total patients’ knowledge and practice pre- and post nursing intervention protocol between study and control group. Conclusions: Nursing protocol affected positively on the clinical outcomes of patients with respiratory failure disease post-weaning from mechanical ventilation. Recommendations: It was recommended to replicate of the current study on a larger probability sample to achieve generalization of the results and wider utilization of the nursing protocol.
Keywords:respiratory failure disease, Nursing protocol, Clinical outcomes, Mechanical ventilation.

Abstract:Patients with good knowledge on diabetes and its complications seek proper treatment and care, and take charge of their health. Uncontrolled diabetes and poor diabetic patients' knowledge can lead to a high morbidity and mortality. Aim of the Study: Toassess diabetic patient's knowledge about disease and adherence with treatment. Research Design: A descriptive design was utilized in this study. Setting: The study was conducted in outpatient clinic at Minia University Hospital and Minia General Hospital. Sample: A purposive sample of 72 adult Type 2 diabetes mellitus from both sexes with duration of diabetic disease more than one year and patients without comorbid disease, and without cerebrovascular accident.Tols of Data Collection: A structured Interview assessment questionnaire sheet (patient socio-demographic characteristics and medical data), Diabetes Knowledge questionnaire sheet, and Assessment Scale for Treatment Adherence. Results: Current study findings revealed that all participants (100%) had poor diabetic knowledge and the majority of them had moderate adherence to diabetic treatment. Conclusion: patients had poor knowledge about disease and the majority of them had moderate adherence to treatment. Recommendations: Nurses should emphasis to provide an educational protocol tailored to each diabetic patient andincrease their awareness about the importance of diabetic education to improve adherence to treatment.
Keywords:Type2 Diabetes Mellitus, Knowledge, Treatment adherence.

Abstract:Arterial puncture is one of the most frequently performed invasive painful procedures in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) for arterial blood gas analysis. So, non-pharmacologic pain relieving strategies as foot reflexology and cryotherapy should be used as an effective and safe way to relieve critically ill children's pain. This study aimed to determine the effect of foot reflexology versus cryotherapy on pain associated with arterial puncture among critically ill children.Setting: The study was conducted at the PICUs at Smouha Children's University Hospital and El- Ramel Children's Hospital (Wengat).Subjects: A convenience sampling of 90 critically ill children and randomly assigned into three equal groups namely; foot reflexology, cryotherapy and control groups. Tools: Three tools were used namely; critically ill children's physiological parameters measurement record, Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale (PGCS) and COMFORT-Behavioral response scale. Results: The study findings revealed that severe pain was noticed among 26.7% of the critically ill children in the control group compared to none of those in either the cryotherapy group or the foot reflexology group during the puncture. Statistical significant differences were found between the control and cryotherapy groups, as well as between the control and foot reflexology groupseither during or immediately after the arterial puncture (P= 0.000 for each). Conclusion: It can be concluded that foot reflexology and cryotherapy were effective in reducing critically ill children's pain during and immediately after arterial puncturing procedure. Furthermore, critically ill children who received foot reflexology experienced less pain than those who received cryotherapy. Recommendations: Non-pharmacological pain relieving measures for critically ill children particularly foot reflexology and cryotherapy interventions should be incorporated in PICUs policies. Pediatric critical care nurses should be encouraged to apply foot reflexology and cryotherapy interventions to reduce critically ill children's pain associating with arterial puncturing procedure.

Keywords:Critically Ill Children - Arterial Puncturing - Pain – Cryotherapy- Foot Reflexology.

Abstract:social support play an important role in influencing students' psychological well-being .  Purpose of the study was to assess the relationship between perceived social support and psychological well-being among adolescents.   Design: - was descriptive co-relational research design. Multi-stage random sample of 361 students was randomly selected This study was conducted at one mixed secondary and other mixed preparatory school at Daragil, Al-Shohada, Menoufyia Governorate and one mixed secondary and other mixed preparatory school at Daragil, Al-Shohada, Menoufyia Governorate .Two tools were used for data gathering. Structured interview questionnaire, Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale and Psychological wellbeing scale.  Results: revealed that, more than half of the studied sample had moderate social support and the majority of the studied sample (80.9%) had mild psychological well-being. There was a highly statistically significant positive correlation between social support and psychological well-being of students. Conclusion, this study concluded that positive correlation existed between social support and psychological well-being. Therefore, it is recommended that:- (1)plan and implement an educational programme for educating parents and the other caregiver about different pictures of social support. (2) Plan and implement an educational programme for providing all sources of caregivers with knowledge about the effects of   social support on   development of psychological well-being of their children and skills appropriate to the needs and development of their adolescent. 
Keywords:Social support, Psychological well-being, Adolescents.
Title:Relationship between Social support as Perceived by Adolescent and their Psychological well-being
Author:Amira A. Montaser, Gehan A. Abed, Safaa D. Abd Elwahab Diab, Rania M. Al-Halawany
ISSN 2394-7330
International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing
Novelty Journals

Abstract:The world of healthcare is changing, today’s health care organizations need creative and innovative solutions to improve the organizational performance. Creativity and excellence concepts in nursing profession have a significant effect on health and well-being. Research purpose: This research examined the relationship between organizational creativity as a mediating factor for organizational performance and excellence among nurses: developing a model. Methods: A model testing-descriptive correlational design was used in conducting this study. The study was done in all In-patient medical, surgical and intensive care units and its specialties in a General Governmental Hospital. Organizational creativity Scale was utilized to measure nurses’ perception of their organizational creativity. While, organizational performance scale was used to explore nurses' opinion about their organizational performance and, organizational excellence scale that was used to measure organizational excellence within the organization. Results: the study results found that the mean percent score of nurses regarding overall organizational creativity was 79.81 ± 5.34, while the mean percent score of nurses concerning total organizational performance was 73.83 ± 3.41. In addition, the mean percent score of nurses regarding overall organizational excellence was 71.50 ± 2.71. Conclusions: There was highly statistical significant positive correlation between organizational creativity, and organizational performance and excellence.  By using, Confirmatory Factor Analysis proven that organizational creativity had high effect on organizational performance and organizational excellence. Also, there was a positive significant correlation between organizational performance and organizational excellence.Recommendations: For a creative of an organization, the hospital management should focus on the significant factors such as: management support, providing the required resources and maintaining positive work environment. Also, the organizational excellence must be concerned by the hospital management through supervisors' effectiveness, staff training and development programs, readiness for change for continuous quality improvement and information transparency among employers and staff empowerment.
Keywords:Organizational creativity, performance, excellence.

Abstract:Type 2 Diabetes mellitus, as one of the major universal public health disorders widespread, requires patients' lifestyle modulation which would be conducive in dominating blood glucose. The aim of the study: to evaluate the effect of lifestyle modification on glycemic control of type 2 diabetic patients at Suez Canal University Hospitals at Ismailia city. Subjects & methods: This study was carried out at the Family Medicine Outpatient Clinic and the Diabetic Outpatient Clinic of Suez Canal University Hospitals at Ismailia city in Egypt. A quasi-experimental design made up of a control group and a study group with pre- and post-test administration was applied. 92 type 2 diabetic patients were included in this study. Health promoting lifestyle profile II Scale and Physical assessment sheet were used for data collection in the two groups. Results: After implementing of the program, those patients who received lifestyle modification intervention achieved better health promoting lifestyle domains values and glycated hemoglobin, compared with the control group. Factors related to lower glycated hemoglobin in the present study were lower fasting blood sugar level and increasing physical activity. Conclusion: Overall, lifestyle modification program has a positive influence on blood glucose control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, it is recommended to that lifestyle modification interventions should be integral part of the curative management of type 2 diabetic patients, and further study in other places to investigate the effect of lifestyle modification on glycemic control of the patients.

Abstract:The likelihood of experiencing age-related health problems increase with growing age. Many people experience mental and psychological illnesses such as loneliness, depression, and anxiety in old age. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between loneliness, anxiety  level and depressive symptoms among elderly. A descriptive correlational design was utilized. The study was conducted at geriatric nursing homes  in Berket EL Sabba and Alsadat City.  A Convenient sample of 53 elderly who met inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected from geriatric nursing home. Three tools were used to fulfill: Loneliness Scale, Geriatric Anxiety Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale. The results of this study indicated that  nearly half of the sample had high degree of loneliness, half of the sample had mild level of anxiety and one third of the sample had moderate depressive symptoms. There was also a positive correlation between loneliness, anxiety and depressive symptoms. The study  concluded that there was a positive correlation between  loneliness, anxiety and depressive symptoms. Therefore, it is recommended that, a screening program for early discovering and intervention program for reducing loneliness, anxiety and depressive symptoms among elderly and training programs for increasing the community awareness about needs,  problems of elderly,  how to adjust with it and and the available community mental health services.

Abstract:A variety of non-pharmaceutical pain managements have been used to control pain. Massage includes manipulation of the body’s parts and soft tissues. It is usually used to help relax strained muscles and to soothe and calm the persons. The effects of heat and packs on relieving labor pain and increase progress of labor by enhance uterine contraction; dilatation and effacement of the cervix by Stimulate heat receptors in derma and deeper tissues, and improving blood flow and oxygenation of tissues.The Aim of the Studyis evaluate the effect of non-pharmacological pain relief measures on progress of labor during first stage of labor. Subjects and Methods, a quasi-experimental design was conducted in labor room of Al-Ahrar teaching Hospital. A Purposive sample was consisted of one hundred and twenty laboring women divided into two groups; study group 80 parturient women (40 parturient women used massage method and 40 parturient women used warm compresses method) and control group 40women admitted to labor rooms without obstetrical or medical complications. Data collected by using interview questionnaire, Partograph. Results highly significant differences between three groups in relation to progress of labor after first 30 minute during intervention, after second 30 minute during intervention, after third 30 minute during intervention, and after fourth 30 minute during intervention In addition, the progress of labor is increased in first group who used Lumbosacral Massage than second group who used worm compress. Meanwhile, the progress of labor is lower in third group who didn't use any methods. Conclusion lumbosacral massage and warm compress is a safe and effective intervention to increase progress of labor during first stage labor.  Recommendation Providing laboring women with simple instructions pamphlet or brochure about non pharmacological pain relief method dissemination among laboring women for assurance and enhancement their knowledge, Emphasize on the importance of using lumbosacral massage and warm compress as anon pharmacological method for enhancing labor progress, Studying the effectiveness of lumbosacral massage and warm compress on labor progresses in the first stage of labor for high risk women.
Keywords:Labour progress, non-pharmacological measures, partograph.

Abstract:Non-pharmacological pain relief measures these methods are popular because they emphasize the individual personality, and the interaction between mind, body and environment, these methods reduce pain, increase maternal satisfaction, and improve other obstetric outcomes. The Aim of the Studyis evaluate the effect of pain relief measures on women pain perception during first stage of labor. Subjects and Methods, a quasi-experimental design was conducted in labor room of Al-Ahrar teaching  Hospital. A Purposive sample was consisted of one hundred and twenty laboring women divided into two groups; study group 80 parturient women (40 parturient women used massage method and 40 parturient women used warm compresses method) and control group 40women admitted to labor rooms without obstetrical or medical complications. Data collected by using interview questionnaire, visual analogue scale, Partograph. Results highly significant differences between three groups in relation to level of pain after first 30 minute during intervention, after second 30 minute during intervention, after third 30 minute during intervention, and after fourth 30 minute during intervention In addition, the rate of pain is lower in second group who used Lumbosacral Massage than first group who used Warm Compresses. Meanwhile, the rate of pain is higher in third group who didn't use any methods. Conclusion lumbosacral massage and warm compress is a safe and effective intervention to reduce first stage labor pain.  Recommendation Providing laboring women with simple instructions pamphlet or brochure about non pharmacological pain relief method dissemination among laboring women for assurance and enhancement their knowledge, Emphasize on the importance of using lumbosacral massage and warm compress as anon pharmacological method for reducing labor pain, Studying the effectiveness of lumbosacral massage and warm compress on first stage labor pain for high risk women.
Keywords:labour pain, Non pharmacological measures, visual analogue scale.

Abstract:“Drug addiction is a complex neurobiological disease that requires integrated treatment of the mind, body, and spirit”. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of rational emotive therapy on stress and irrational thoughts among drug addicts. A Quasi-experimental design (one group pre- test post- test design) was used to achieve the aim of the study. The study was conducted at addiction inpatients ward at The Psychiatric and Addiction Treatment Hospital in Mit-Khalf at Menoufia, Egypt. A purposive sample of forty addict patients who admitted to the above mentioned setting during six months duration. Three instrumentswere used ;(1) A structured interview questionnaire to assess socio-demographic characteristics and clinical data,(2) The irrational ideas questionnaire(3)The perceived stress questionnaire. The  findings of the study revealed that, there was a highly statistical  significant reduction in both stress factors (frustration and tenseness) and total stress  post the rational emotive therapy at p = 0.001. Also there was a highly statistical significant reduction in irrational beliefs post the rational emotive therapy at p = 0.001.It was concluded that, the rational emotive therapyproved to be effective ondecreasing stress and irrational thoughts among drug addicts. Recommendation, rational emotive therapy should be provided to all drug addicts to reduce stress and overcome their irrational thoughts.
Keywords:Rational Emotive Therapy,Stress, Irrational Thoughts.

Abstract:The children with an orofacial cleft are an unpleasant involvement for parents, particularly mothers. Pediatric nurse are in a remarkable position to support mothers as they give care to their hospitalized children with an orofacial cleft. This study aim was to evaluate the nursing support given to Mothers of children with an orofacial cleft and to examine its connection to mothers' stress.  This Descriptive study was carried on 48 mothers of hospitalized children with an orofacial cleft in the inpatient pediatric department, in Suez Canal University hospital in Ismailia City. Data were collected by Nurses Parents Support Tool (NPST) and the Parental Stress Scale. The field work continues from September 2018 through the first week of March 2019. The results illustrated that the mothers received high nursing support and high level of stress. No statistically significant relation was found between the total scores of support and stress.
Keywords:Hospitalized Children with an orofacial cleft, Nursing Support, Parental Stress, Pediatric nursing

Abstract:Medication administration is a critical component of nursing management skills. Best practices of medication administration require critical thinking to ensure patient safety, quality care and prevention of medication administration errors. Medication errors are a global problem which leads to increases mortality rates, length of hospital stay, and related costs. Critical care nurses should be aware of indication, action, contraindication, adverse reaction of the drug. Moreover, they should monitor the patient for any negative signs of change in his condition and develop the necessary plan of action for patient care Objective: This study was conducted to asses critical care nurses' knowledge and practices about medication administration errors.Methods:  A descriptive study was conducted in Anesthesia, Stroke, Neuro-surgical, and Cardio-thoracic Intensive Care Units at Main Mansoura University Hospital. 50 nurses were included in the study after fulfilling the criteria of selection. Two tools were used to collect data for the current study.  A structured interview questionnaire that consists of two main sections and medication administration observation checklist was used.Results: More than three quarters of studied nurses had satisfactory knowledge level, more than two third of the studied critical nurse had unsatisfactory level of practice regarding to pre-administration phase, administration phase and post administration phase of medication. There is no significant statistical correlation existed between total knowledge scores and total practice scores of nurses.Conclusion: Medication errors are considered as a major problem in nursing. Since most cases of medication errors are not reported by nurses, nursing managers must provide positive responses to nurses who report medication errors to improve nurses' practice and patient safety.
Keywords:Medication errors, critical care, error causes, reporting.

Abstract:Background: In the developing countries one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in children is fever of unknown origin. Unknown fever represent as many as 20% of the childhood fevers in the world and physicians face a diagnostic dilemma on a daily basis due to the childhood fevers that have no apparent cause. So, this study was conducted to assess mothers' perception about unknown fever among preschool age child at Mahalla Fever Hospital. A cross sectional study design was utilized to accomplish this study at outpatient clinics of Mahalla Fever Hospital, affiliated to Ministry of Health and Population. Convenience sampling technique was used in this study and 80 mothers and their children had unknown fever at preschool age that attended to the previous mentioned setting  during the researcher visits were recruited. Tools of data collection were structured interviewto assess: mothers' and their under-five children's socio-demographic and economic characteristics,  preschool age children's health status, mothers' knowledge, and subjective practice, about unknown fever in their preschool age children, and structured interview scale to assess mothers' attitude toward unknown fever in their preschool age children. Results of the study reveals that 67.5% of the studied mothers lie in age category from 20 to less than 30 years, and50.0% of the studied children aged from 2-4 years. The studied mothers had 90.0% poor total c score level of knowledge. Consequently 97.5%, 87.5%, 87.5%, 62.5%, and 87.5% of the studied mothers had improper subjective practice related to tools and technique used for measuring body temperature, management of unknown fever, on any body part apply the compresses, action taken when unknown fever without another symptoms, and action taken when unknown fever associated with another symptoms respectively. Conclusion: Most of the studied mothers had poor total score levels of knowledge regarding unknown fever in their preschool age children. As well the majority of the studied mothers had improper total score levels of subjective practice regarding unknown fever in their preschool age children. Furthermore the studied mothers' mean attitude score was 1.56 (0.5). Finally there was slight significant association between studied mothers' total score levels of knowledge, and order of their pre school age children. Finally, it is recommended that design and conduct health education program for mothers about unknown fever at various community settings. Empower health screening for preschool age children for early detection of health problems.
Keywords:Mothers, Perception, PreschoolAge Children, Unknown Fever.                                                                                 

Abstract:pregnant women’s health and quality of care are essential aspects of clinical practice. Urinary incontinence (UI) during pregnancy is a social problem that necessitates special care and management. Aim: The current study aimed to assess the urinary incontinence's risk factors among pregnant women. Design: A descriptive design was used in this study. Setting: the study was conducted at antenatal clinic in Helwan general hospital at Cairo, Egypt. Sample: Purposive sampling was utilized in the present study to recruit 128 pregnant women. Tools: two tools for data collection. First tool: structured interviewing questionnaire which used to assess socio-demographic data obstetric and family planning history. Second tool: assess the risk factors of urinary incontinence among pregnant women. Result: The significant factors predisposing for the development of urinary incontinence during pregnancy were unhealthy urination habits, poor personal hygiene, poor sexual hygiene, history of vaginal infection, increase rate of body mass index, previous use of contraception specially intra uterine device, inadequate socioeconomic status, constipation, minor of pregnant women have low nutritional habits and family history of urinary incontinence. The result illustrate that the most common type of urinary incontinence was mixed urinary incontinence of pregnant women have urge urinary incontinence. Conclusion: the study was concluded that the most common risk factors predisposed for the development of urinary incontinence during pregnancy were unhealthy urination habits, poor personal hygiene, poor sexual hygiene, history of vaginal infection, increase rate of body mass index, previous use of contraception specially intra uterine device, inadequate socioeconomic status such as low family monthly income, constipation, family history of urinary incontinence and low nutritional habits. The most common type of urinary incontinence during pregnancy in the study was stress urinary incontinence.  Recommendations:Educational program for pregnant women in antenatal clinic to prevent urinary incontinence during pregnancy.
Keywords:Pregnant women, risk factors, urinary incontinence.

Abstract:Health logistics management can contribute greatly to hospitals outcomes, nursing leaders are playing an important role for providing ongoing leadership, accountability and satisfaction for quality care process and quality improvement efforts Aim: To compare health logistic management as perceived by nursing leaders and its relation to their job satisfaction at three health care sectors. Design:  A comparative design was utilized. Setting: The study was conducted at three health care sectors which are Benha University Hospital , Teaching Hospital and Health Insurance Hospital in Al- Qalyubia Governorate. Subjects: All (146) nursing leaders (matron, supervisor and head nurse). Tools of data collection: I-Health Logistic Management Questionnaire II-Job Satisfaction Questionnaire. Results: There was a highly statistically significant differences between three study settings regarding total health logistic management and job satisfaction. Health Insurance Hospital had the highest mean scores, while Benha University Hospital had the lowest mean scores regarding total health logistics management and job satisfaction.Conclusion: There was a statistically significant positive correlation between total health logistic management scores and job satisfaction scores among nursing leaders at three studied hospitals. Recommendation: providing nursing leaders with training program about health logistics management in the three study setting and seeks challenging work assignments that allow for creativity and opportunities for nursing leaders growth and advancement.
Keywords:Health, Logistics Management, Nursing leaders, Job Satisfaction.

Abstract:Hepatitis C is the most pressing public health challenge in Egypt that had direct effect on HRQOL in addition to being stigmatized related to infection had negative consequences on psychological status that considered major problem in adherence behavior to treatment process The aim of this study: was to assess stigma and health related quality of life as perceived by patients with hepatitis C virus. Design: Descriptive exploratory design was utilized in this study. Setting: the study held at the Outpatient Clinics of “National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute Cairo". Sample: A convenience of 200 HCV patients were enrolled in this study .Tools for data collection were: Socio-demographic sheet, HCV Stigma scale.Quality Of Life scale Results: Regarding HRQOL there were high level of quality of life  among HCV patients in this study and the highest mean scores was found among studied subjects was in relation to general behavior, social relation, economic status, physical health and activities, On the other hand  there was high level of stigma among HCV patients and the highest mean scores was found among studied subjects was in relation to public attitude, Personalized stigma and Negative self-image , Also the current study revealed that there was statistical  significant differences in HRQOL and stigma  among the HCV studied subjects in relation to their, occupation, level of education, history of family infection and antiviral medication use, but there was statistical  insignificant differences in HRQOL and stigma  among them in relation to their gender, income and residence place  Conclusion:  Patients  with HCV often feel stigmatized and unsupported in their care, relationships, and work environments, Recommendations:  Assessment the society  perception towards HCV infected person  , programmers to control psychiatric symptoms   must  considered in treatment plan for  HCV patients.
Keywords:HCV, HRQOL, Stigma. 

Title:STIGMA AND QUALITY OF LIFE AS PERCEIVED BY PATIENTS WITH HEPATITS C VIRUS
Author:Mohamed Salem, Hanan Ebrahim Abdel Aziz Rady, Nesrine Adel Wadie, Sameh Seif – Eldein
ISSN 2394-7330
International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing
Novelty Journals

Abstract:Patients with leukemia undergoing chemotherapy have problems and side –effect which considered life –threatened and affect their quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess the the quality of life for  patients with leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. studyDesign:A descriptive study. Setting: the study was conducted at the inpatient and outpatient clinics inHematological Unit affiliated to Ain Shams University Hospital. Study subjects: A purposive sample of adult patients newly diagnosed with leukemia (No=100). Data collection tools: Structured interview questionnaire for the patients with leukemia undergoing chemotherapy and Quality of Life Cancer survivors Questionnaire.Result:The present study revealed that, the mean age of the study group was 34.28± 5.07. As regards their educational level, 70% of the study group were read and write. In relation to QOL including physical dimension, the current study shows that, 50% of the study patients had poor physical QoL.  In relation to QoL including psychological and emotional dimension, the current study shows that, 58% of the study patients had poor psychological QoL. In relation to QoL including social dimension, the current study shows that, 64% of the study patients had poor social QoL. In relation to QoL including spiritual dimension, the current study shows that, 60% of the study patients had poor spiritual QoLConclusion:more than half of the patients in the study group have poor quality of life. Recommendation: Further research are recommended related to patients' quality of life to assess their improvement and prognosis and also, further researches to assess factors affecting on quality of life for patients with leukemia.
Keywords:Leukemia, Chemotherapy, Quality of life, Patients. 

Abstract:Despite efforts to decrease unnecessary use of antibiotics, misconceptions about antibiotics use persist and continue to be more prevalent among mothers of children with URTIs. Aim: This study aimed to study the effectiveness of learning package application on the use of antibiotics for mothers of children with URTIs. Method: A quasi-experimental design was conducted on 214 mothers with their children regardless their gender, age, free from chronic diseases, diagnosed with URTIs and managed by antibiotics, who attended the General Outpatient Clinics at Mansoura University Children's Hospital (MUCH). Tools: A structured interview questionnaire sheet for mothers' knowledge and practical knowledge, observational checklist for mothers' practices about administration of antibiotic suspension and learning package evaluation checklist. Results indicated that, the majority of the studied mothers had good knowledge (85.5%) and most of them (98.6%) had competent practices immediately post the learning package application with highly statistical significant differences (p=0.00). Conclusion: There was an improvement in mothers' knowledge, practical knowledge and practices after application of learning package. Recommendations: Provide in-services, up to date and regular training programs to improve mothers' knowledge and practices regarding the use of antibiotics for their children with URTIs. Further studies are recommended to repeat this study on a larger sample size and on a wide scale in various governorates of Egypt.
Keywords:Antibiotics, Bacterial resistance, Children, Knowledge, Learning package, Mothers, Practices and Upper respiratory infections.

Abstract:Patient safety is the cornerstone for better quality health care, prevention of errors and adverse effects to patients associated with health care.Objective:This study aimed to assess nurses' compliance safety measures in Pediatric Surgical Intensive Care Unit at University Children's Hospital in Alexandria.Design: A descriptive research design was used to accomplish this study. Setting: The study was conducted in the pediatric surgical intensive care unit of Alexandria University Children’s Hospital at El –Shatby in Alexandria. Subjects: All nurses' working in Pediatric Surgical Intensive Care Unit who are responsible for providing direct care for children(approximately 35 nurses).Tools: One tool was used to collect the necessary data namelyNurses' Application of Safety Measures Observational Checklist. Results:More than two third of nurses had either good (56.2%) or satisfactory (39%) score and only 4.8% of them had unsatisfactory score in their application of safety measures in PSICU. Conclusion: The practices of majority of nurses were either good or satisfactory in their application of safety measures in PSICU.
Keywords:Safety Measures, Pediatric Surgical Intensive Care Unit; University Children's Hospital; Alexandria.

Abstract:The study aimed to assess the readiness and attitudes of primary e-learning users of Alghad International College for Applied Medical Sciences. The study was a descriptive cross sectional design and utilized correlational survey method. The participants of the study were one hundred percent (100%) of fulltime faculty members currently using e-learning at female and male Dammam campuses. Quantitative statistics, descriptive and inferential methods, were the main tools used to analyze the data.It is important to gear on the development of an improvement plan for a medical college focusing on three essential domains: enhancing skills on the use of computer, developing confidence in the use of the system, and ensuring system satisfaction among faculty members.
Keywords:Attitudes, E-learning, Medical College, Readiness.

Abstract:Background: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is one of the chronic and progressive diseases that have complex health problems, which affect the quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of self-care management program on quality of life among Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome patients. Research design: Quasi-experimental research design was used in this study. Setting: This study was conducted at AIDS Outpatient Clinic in Fever Hospital at Benha City. Sample: Simple random sample of 25 % of attended AIDS patients in last year (2018-2019), the total sample was included (100) patients. Tools: Two tools were used. Tool I): A structured interviewing questionnaire which consisted of three parts a) socio-demographic characteristics, b) AIDS patients` knowledge and c) AIDS patients` self-care reported practices. Tool II): Scale to measure quality of life among AIDS patients. Results; 64% of AIDS patients were males, 39 % of them their aged 35 years or more with mean age was 41.73±11.90, 51% of patients had AIDS for 5years or more and 57% of them during symptomatic stage. 67% the studied AIDS patients had poor knowledge regarding AIDS before program compared with 11% post program. 29% of the studied AIDS patients had satisfactory self-care reported practices before program, which increased to 79% during the post program. 39% of the AIDS patients had poor total scores of quality of life preprogram, which decreased to 16% post program. There were positive statistically significant correlations between AIDS patients` total knowledge scores and AIDS patients` total self-care reported practices scores, and AIDS patients ` total quality of life scores post program. This study concluded that: Self-care management program succeeded to improve knowledge; self-care reported practices and quality of life among AIDS patients. The study recommended that: Continuous self-care management program for AIDS patients to increase their knowledge, self-care practices and improve their quality of life.
Keywords:Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Patients, Quality of life and Self-care management program.

Abstract:Introduction: High-fidelity simulators (HFS) are tremendously technical, life-like human mannequins that can breathe, talk, have heart and lung sounds and used to demonstrate evidence-based clinical eventualities for training purposes. Despite the boom in the use of tutorial simulation, the evidence about its effectiveness as an educational approach is inconsistent. Therefore, the evaluation of high-fidelity simulation in clinical teaching is critical in figuring out how nursing students retaining knowledge and having effective clinical experiences. Aim of the study: This study aimed to investigate the effect of high fidelity simulation-based versus traditional clinical training on nursing students’ knowledge and skills about the immediate care of the newborn. Methodology: A quasi-experimental was employed to complete this study. Eighty students enrolled in the obstetric nursing course were randomly assigned to two equal groups; the study group received clinical training on the immediate care of the newborn using the high fidelity simulation and the control group was trained using the traditional clinical training. The study was carried out over a period of two months from the beginning to the end of obstetric nursing course. Results: students of the study group had more knowledge and skills retention than those of traditional group all over the study period. A statistically significant difference was found between the two groups after two weeks and after two months evaluation from the implementation of the study. Conclusion: students who received the clinical training on the immediate care of the newborn using the high fidelity simulation show higher scores of knowledge and skills' performance retention than those who received traditional clinical training.
Keywords:High fidelity simulation, Traditional clinical training, Nursing students, Knowledge, Skills and Immediate care of the newborn.

Abstract:Adolescence is one of the fastest stages of human development. At this special period in the life cycle, girls are vulnerable to reproductive health problems and complaints. The aim of the study: is to assess of traditional practices to relieve reproductive system complaints among adolescent girls in Ismailia city. Design: Descriptive study design. Setting:  The study carried out at technical institution and faculty of  nursing in Suez  Canal  University and 2 secondary  schools of nursing in Ismailia city. Sample:  purposive sampling technique of 256 adolescent girls. Tool of Data collection: Data were collected by the researcher using an interviewing questionnaire which cover the research aim. Result: The most frequent complaint among adolescent girls is menstrual problem, followed by Supra-pubic pain lower abdomen, and Vaginal discharge.  The  majority of  studied girls used home remedies (herbs) and worm fluids  relieve menstrual symptoms, seek health consultation for pain  in lower abdomen,  used worm both / perineal care ( douche) for vaginal discharge and  pay-attention with other things for breast problems. Most of studied girls reported that their reproductive complaints was mitigated by using these traditional methods. There were statistically significant relations between studying girls age, education and traditional practices used to treat reproductive complaints and its effect. Conclusion: The study indicated that, menstrual problems are the most frequent complaints, followed by pain in the reproductive system, vaginal discharge and  breast problem. Most of studied girls used home remedies and warm fluid for menstrual problems, seek health consultation for reproductive system pain, warm bath and perineal care external douche for vaginal discharge and warm bath for breast problems. Recommendations: Developing educational material sensitive to adolescent girls about reproductive health promotion. Conducting campaigns within social media, which motivate adolescent girls to seek treatment for their reproductive system complains by professional resources.
Keywords:Adolescence, reproductive complaints, traditional practices.
Title:Assessment of Traditional Practices to Relieve Reproductive System Complaints among Adolescent Girls in Ismailia City
Author:Asmaa Mostafa K. Mostafa, Eman Mostafa S. Ahmed, Mervat ElShahat Ibrahim
ISSN 2394-7330
International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing
Novelty Journals

Abstract:Background: Menopause is an important phase in every woman's reproductive life. Symptoms of urinary incontinence are highly prevalent in postmenopausal women. It has a significant effect on health-related quality of life and are associated with considerable personal and societal  expenditure. Aim of the study:  to assess the association between   severity of stress urinary incontinence and quality of life among menopausal women. A descriptive correlation research design was utilized in this study started from the beginning of January till the end of April 2019. Setting: The study was conducted at urinary incontinence clinics in Alexandria affiliated to: Main University Hospital affiliated to Alexandria University, and Alexandria Regional Center for Women's Health and Development affiliated to the Ministry of Health. Subjects:  A convenience sample of 200 menopausal women with stress urinary incontinence. Tools: Three tools were used by the researchers to collect the necessary data: Tool I: basic data structured interview schedule, Tool II: PRAFAB-Questionnaire (Protection, Amount, Frequency, Adjustment and Body Image) Tool III: quality of life scale. Results: about one-half (49.5%) of the study subjects had moderate degree of stress urinary incontinence, more than one–quarter (27.0%) of them had severe degree while, (23.0%) of them had mild degree of SUI. As regards quality of life, More than one half (54%) scored their feeling as mostly satisfied, there were a statistically significant differences between quality of life and degree of stress urinary incontinence among menopausal women (0.0001*) . Conclusion: SUI is negatively affecting the quality of life.
Keywords:Stress urinary incontinence risk factors, quality of life, menopause.

Abstract:Patients often suffer from inadequate treatment of post-operative pain. Managing of acute post-operative pain should be one of the key components of patients’ satisfaction. This study aimed to evaluate patient’s satisfaction toward post-operative nursing pain management. The study was conducted at general surgical units and surgical intensive care units at Alexandria Main University Hospital.  The subjects of this study comprised a convenient sample of 100 patients, 50 patients and the one nursing supervisor from each setting. One tool was used for data collection entitled patient satisfaction toward postoperative nursing pain management (Structured interview). It included two parts: Part one:-Socio demographic and clinical data of surgical patients. Part two: - Patient satisfaction of Pain Management for Post-operative Patient: structured interview. The results revealed that most of patients in surgical ICU have been participated in their pain treatment decision making than those in the general surgical units. There was significant difference between postoperative patients in surgical intensive care units and general surgical units toward pain level, participation on pain treatment decision making, comfort level and satisfaction level  (P= 0.029, P=<0.001, P=<0.001, P=<0.001) respectively It can be concluded that, patients in surgical ICU were more satisfied than patients in the general surgical units. Moreover, nurses in these settings were mainly focusing on pharmacological interventions rather than the non-pharmacological one. Recommendations include, development of pain policies, and manual guidelines about general surgical pain management, to guide care providers and patients at surgical units, is mandatory.
Keywords:Patient satisfaction, postoperative pain management, intensive care units, general surgical units.

Abstract:Sudden Infant Death Syndrome was the leading cause of death in infant between 1 month and 1 year of age SIDS was the leading cause of death in infancy period. Nurses and other medical personnel play critical roles in prevention and control of infant death syndrome. The aim of the current study was to assess the neonatal nurses’ knowledge and practice about prevention of sudden infant death syndrome at El Shatby Maternal and Child Hospital. The study utilized a descriptive research design. The study was conducted in the NICU at Maternity & Children Hospital in Alexandria on a sample consisted of 115 nurses and neonates. The required data was collected using the following tools, structured interview sheet to assess the basic characteristics of the nurses and neonates as well the nurses’ knowledge about SIDS, and the second tool is observational checklist to assess the nurses’ practice regarding prevention of sudden infant syndrome. The study results revealed that less than three quarters of nurses have good knowledge about SIDS and around three quarters of them had competent practices. It was recommended that changes within the hospital setting are necessary to create a culture of evidence-based practice among nurses regarding SIDS prevention practices.
Keywords:neonatal nurses, knowledge, practice SIDS and safety sleep recommendations.

Abstract:Teachers are key players in efforts to address school bullying and peer victimization. Bullying is a significant concern for healthcare services in schools. Aim: To assess teachers' perception regarding bullying behavior in elementary schools at Jizan City, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional design was conducted for the current study, and a convenience sampling technique was implemented. The total sample size was 116 teachers voluntarily participated in the study. Setting: The study was conducted at six elementary governmental schools in Jizan city. Tool: A structured questionnaire was developed by the researcher; the tool was divided into three parts. The first part, the demographic information, second part, to assess teachers' perception regarding definition, impact, factors, and needs of schools' teachers to deal with bullying, it consists 26 items, third part, assessing teachers' perception toward bullying occurrence and their role in the environmental school, it consists 25 items. Results: The results indicated that teachers' perception with the weighted mean for the second part was 3.23 ± 0.24 and the third part was 3.01± 0.52 and there was statistically a significant difference between teachers' perception with their gender in second part, age and years of experience in both parts. Conclusion and Recommendation: The findings of the study concluded that teachers are working at elementary schools had highly perception about bullying behavior, but the teachers cannot control bullying out of the classroom, due to teachers' overload. The study recommended implementing a bullying program for schools' teachers and recruiting teams of psychologists, sociologist and schools' nurses to deal with bullying among students.
Keywords:Teachers, Bullying behavior, Elementary schools.
Title:Teachers' Perception Regarding Bullying Behavior in Elementary Schools at Jizan City
Author:Amani Ali Siddiq Mobarki, Nahed Mohamed Ahmed Morsi, Ghada Mohamed Hamouda
ISSN 2394-7330
International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing
Novelty Journals

Abstract:Applying the clinical pathway is a multidisciplinary management tool established on evidence-based practice for a particular group of patients with a standardized clinical course in which the different activities of "interventions" by the patient care staff are identified, coordinated and sequenced either by hour, day or visit The aim: is to assess the effect of nursing clinical pathway on self-assessment of fetal well-being among high risk pregnant women.  Design:Quasi-experimental study was used. Settings:.Out clinics and inwards of University and Shebien ElKom Teaching hospital.Sampling:Convenience sample from 150 high risk pregnant women who fulfillthe inclusion criteria.  Instruments:The first is structured interviewing questionnaire,the second is daily fetal movement chart (DFMC) “count-to-ten” kick charts. The third is fundal height measurement (Mcdonald's Chart) and Apgar scoring. Results of the study: Total improvement regarding the previous items as good and more than good are in preclinical pathway intervention 4%,5%,3% and 5% and after clinical pathway intervention are 99.3%,98.7%,90% and 97.1% respectively. Total improvement regarding knowledge of daily fatal movement chart and practice of daily fatal movement chart as good and more than good are 96.6% after post clinical pathway interventions compared to 10% in preclinical pathway interventions.As noticed from table 6 there were statistically significance differences regarding Apgar scoring in first and fifth minutes (p<0.001).There were decreased frequency distribution of fetal complications as it is only3 (2%)cases needed to be ventilated and 8(5.3%) need admission due to life threatened complications as need for ventilation and admission to neonatal intensive care unit. Conclusions: The study hypothesis was accepted as nursing clinical pathways improve knowledge and practice of high risk pregnant women scores about self-assessment of fetal movement. Nursing  clinical pathways improve fetal outcomes interpreted in  better apgar score  and decreased incidence of complications. Recommendations:  Applyingnursing clinical pathways in routine nursing care for low risk and high risk pregnant women.
Keywords:Clinical Pathway, Self-Assessment, Fetal Well-being and high risk.

Abstract:Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) is an important aspect which allows an institute to systematically manage the safety and health of the workers in a workplace.Aim of this study is to: To determine the effect of occupational hazards on reproductive health of mothers and Their children in dressing factories in Port- Said City. Sample: the study was carried on all workers (84 working Women's) in the two Readymade Garments Factories Port- Said City, Suez Canal factory, Investment.  Research design A across sectional research design was utilized in this study. Methods Data are collected using: ' Structured Interview Questionnaire sheet, It is developed by the researcher based on literature review and is composed of six main parts.  Results. Mean age of working women were 36.6± 8.8., there were statistically significant relation between noise, regularity, there was statistically significant relation between falling down & pregnancy outcome,and exposure to chemical and there was a statistical significant between exposure to cigarette smoking, drink coffee, working more than 8 hours, depression respectively.Conclusion. The Pregnant workers are exposed to many types of occupational hazards which may effect on their health status and health of their babies.Recommendation. Continuous training program for pregnant women to improve their health, their work conditions require monitoring and improvement. Training program for occupational nurse to evaluate pregnant women conditions and follow up them
Keywords:Occupational hazards,Reproductive health, Workers’ women.

Abstract:Feeding difficulties of preterm neonates remain a challenge and consequently leads to prolonged hospital stay. Early sensory-motor interventions improve oral feeding abilities and facilitate sucking-swallowing-respiration coordination in preterm neonates with delayed feeding. Objective: The aim of this studyis to identify the effect of sensory-motor interventions on feeding outcomes and weight gain among preterm neonates after weaning from non-invasive mechanical ventilation. Research Design: A quasi-experimental research design was used. Setting: The study was conducted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of (NICU) at Specialized Somouha University Hospital in Alexandria, Egypt. Subjects: A convenience sampling of 60 preterm neonates who had homodynamicstability and weaned from nasal CPAP for 48hours.Tools: Three tools were used to collect necessary data namely;preterm neonates’ feeding outcomes assessment, non-nutritive sucking pattern of preterm neonates and preterm neonates' oral feeding efficacy and weight gainassessment. Result: Significant statistical differences were found between the study and control groups regarding their ability to organize oral-motor functioning, remain engaged in feeding and coordinate swallowing and breathing (P=0.000) as well as their ability to maintain physiologic stability during feeding (P=0.008). Moreover, the mean of volume transfer per feeding session at the 10^th day of interventions was 82.90 ml ±14.12 for the neonates in the study group compared to 71.33 ml ±16.96. The rate of milk for the neonates in the study group was 1.97±0.34 ml/minute compared to 1.06±0.32 ml/minute for the control one. The mean body weight of preterm neonates of the study group was 1495±5.13 compared to 1371±5.15 of the preterm neonates of control group at 10^th day.Conclusion: It can be concluded that applyingsensory-motor intervention improve the preterm neonates’ feeding abilities,non-nutritive sucking pattern, feeding efficacy and weight gain after weaning from non-invasive mechanical ventilation.  Recommendations: educational programs should be provided for neonatal nurses about the Sensory-motor interventions to improve feeding outcomes among preterm neonates.

Abstract:Pursed Lip Breathing exercise had been evidenced as the simplest therapeutic intervention for patients with COPD.  Aim of the study: To identify the effect of pursed lip breathing exercise on physiological parameters among patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Hypothesis: Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease who practice pursed lip breathing exercise experience an improvement in their physiological parameters. Setting: This study was conducted at Chest Outpatient Clinic at Alexandria Main University Hospital, Alexandria University, Egypt.Subjects: The study subjects comprised a convenience sample of 50 adult male and female patients with COPD.Tools: Two tools were used. Tool I. Bio-sociodemographic Structured Interview Scheduleto assess the sociodemographic, and clinical data of patients. Tool II. Pretest/posttest Modified Respiratory Status Assessment Scale: to assess COPD patient's physiological parameters.Results: The studied patients’ mean age was 46.34±10.29, more than half of them (54%) were males. High statistically significant improvement in all physiological parameters of the studied patients was detected post pursed lip breathing exercises as (p<0.001^*).Statistically significant associations between smoking habits and level of physiological parameters was noted post pursed lip breathing exercises ^(^MCp)= 12.687^* (0.022^*). Conclusion: High statistically significant improvement in the mean level of physiological parameters among the studied patients is detected post pursed lip breathing exercise. Statistically significant association was found between smoking habits, and level of physiological parameters post pursed lip breathing exercise. Recommendations: Nurses should teach COPD patients the benefits of regular practice of pursed lip breathing exercise in their daily life to improve their physiological parameters and gain a better quality of life.
Keywords:Pursed Lip Breathing Exercise, Physiological Parameters, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Abstract:Arterial blood pressure, one of vital signs, is an important indicator of a person's health status. Therefore, its measurement is part of every complete physical examination. Factors affect blood pressure reading include; position inconsistency and arm position. Scanty data are present testing the influence of body position on blood pressure readings. The aim of this work was to study the effect of body position change on blood pressure readings from both arms. Material and Methods: Forty adult patients (male and females) from outpatient clinic in the governmental hospitals from Beirut Lebanon were included in the present study. One tool was used to collect necessary data “A Blood Pressure Measuring Sheet” it was developed by the researchers for recording blood pressure readings from both arms using a mercury sphygmomanometer in three different positions; standing, sitting and supine. Results: A statistically significant difference was noted denoting that supine position was better than sitting and standing in the measuring the right and left arm systole among the studied patients. A statistically significant difference was also declared between both arms in sitting position. The left arm blood pressure measurement was less than right arm in sitting position with a statistically significant difference. Conclusion: Body positions can significantly influence blood pressure readings. Also both arms blood pressure readings are changed by changing position.
Keywords:Blood pressure, changing position, arm measurement.

Abstract:Diabetes mellitus is a highly complex disease with one of its greatest common complications being foot ulceration. Poor knowledge, attitude, and practices in foot care are important risk factors in people with diabetes for foot problems. Aim: The main aim of the study is to assess diabetic patient awareness regarding foot care and its associated factors in Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. Method: This study was carried out   in outpatient clinics at Abdullah Sulaiman Al Bassam Center for Diabetes in Onaizah, Diabetes and Endocrine Center in Buraidah, Security Forces Center in Buraidah and General hospital in Al Badayea, Qassim on 500 patients who have type 2 diabetes. Data collection tool used in this study were socio-demographic data, health status data, and KAP questionnaire on diabetic foot care. Results: Around 64% of the patients were unsatisfactory knowledge level. Also, more than half of them (56.6%) have inadequate practice. In addition, 53.2 % of them have negative attitude in total score. While, age, gender, social status, educational level, job, duration of illness was statistically insignificant relation between knowledge, practice and attitude of diabetic patients. There was positive significant correlation between knowledge and practice (p = 0.039). Additionally, it was found highly strong positive significant correlation between knowledge and attitude p =0.000. Conclusion: Patients had unsatisfactory knowledge on diabetic foot care. Also, their practices were inadequate. However, negative attitude on diabetic foot care. In addition to, insignificant relation between patient awareness and associated factors. Recommendation: Our study recommended that awareness programs should be implemented with diabetes foot education classes and adequate scientific information should be available through electronic social media, brochures and magazines.
Keywords:Diabetes mellitus, patient awareness, Foot care, associated factor.

Abstract:Substance use is an important and widespread health problem, Stress among patients with substance use is associated with life satisfaction and increasing the demand for social support. Aim: The study was conducted to assess the effect of perceived social support, and resilience on life satisfaction and stress among patients with substance use disorders, and relation of these factors on abstence and relapse. Design: Comparative research design was utilized for the conduction the current study such design fits the nature of the problem under investigation.Sample: A sample of convenience of 100 males (study group) substance use patients who attended at outpatient clinic in El-Abbassia Mental Health Hospital (AMHH), and A sample of (100) males (control group) person were selected without psychotic illness, and no history of substance use, the assessment group were recruited from Cairo university hospital. Data collection tools: both groups were selected to the following; socio-demographic and Medical Data Sheet, a multi-dimensional social support perceived questionnaire (MSPSS), The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Resilience The Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Main finding: the findings of the current study reveals that, 49% of the studied sample were addict for (6-15) years, 41% of them were admitted to hospital three times and more. There is a significant difference between study and control group in relation to resilience as the control group express higher level of resilience more than study group. There is a significant difference between study and control group in relation to life satisfaction as the control group expreses higher level of life satisfaction more than study group, and there us significant difference between study and control group in relation to stress tolerance, as the control group express higher level of stress tolerance more than study group. Conclusion: Patients with substance use experience, low resilience, life satisfaction, and stress tolerance than normal population. Social support, and resilience play an imprtant role in to life satisfaction determing the relation between stress and life satisfaction. Recommendation: The study results recommended that:Providing accessible rehabilitation programs for patients with substance use, providing stress management program for them is essential in their management during hospitalization, and family education regarding importance of social support for addict patients
Keywords:Social support, resilience, life satisfaction,  stress tolerance, substance use.

Abstract:Stroke is the leading cause of global long-term adult disability. Individuals post-stroke are inactive, even during rehabilitation, contributing to ongoing disability and risk of secondary health conditions. So, the engagement of stroke survivors in self-management has become an emerging priority because of the increased recognition of the chronic nature of stroke and its related disabling consequences and post-stroke sequela. A possible strategy to improve the effectiveness of self-management interventions is to understand how best to tailor self-management interventions to the needs and circumstances of each participant. Aim: toevaluatethe effectiveness of tailored stroke self-management interventions on physical abilities.Subjects& Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used to fulfil the aim of the study. Subjects:  A purposive sample of (120) post-stroke patients were recruited equally divided into study and control (60 patients each) both of groups receiving the routine hospital care (ultraviolet rays and range of motion exercise) Moreover, the study group receiving tailored stroke self-management interventions. Study setting: Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department of Minia University Hospital at Minia Governorate, Egypt. Tools of data gathering were; 1) Structured questionnaire for personal and medical data, 2) Barthel scale for the performance of activities of Daily Living (ADL) to detect physical abilities, 3) Ashworth scale for degree of spasticity to detect physical functions and 4) Patient's knowledge assessment sheet. Results: a significant improvement in physical abilities as well as physical functions in the study group than the control group at the 2 weeks and 12 weeks follow-up (p<0.001). Conclusion: The implementation of tailored stroke self-management interventions is effective in maximizing physical abilities. Recommendation: Rehabilitation nurses should be encouraged to incorporate tailored stroke self-management interventions to minimize post-stroke sequela.
Keywords:Stroke, tailored stroke self-management interventions, physical abilities.

Abstract:Venipuncture is most distressing and painful needle-related procedure experienced by pediatric where distraction combined with age-appropriate could be reduce procedural pain and anxiety among children. Virtual Reality (VR) is new technique for distraction and powerful technology implemented in a healthcare setting. Objective: Guided by Gate Control Theory, the study aimed to evaluate the effect of VR intervention on the pain and anxiety levels of children during venipuncture procedure. Method: Children were assigned randomly to one of two groups: a control group receiving standard care and VR group receiving VR distraction plus standard care during procedure. Pain scores were assessed using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale (W-BFPS) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the state of anxiety was measured by Facial Affective Scale (FAS). The anxiety and pain levels were evaluated based on the self-report approach from participated children. Results: A total of 144 children were randomly assigned to VR and control groups (72 VR and 72 control). The baseline characteristics of the VR and control groups were comparable. The self-reported W-BFPS and VAS revealed that pain level felt by the VR group during venipuncture procedure was lower than the level of pain indicated by control group significant at P<0.031; P<0.040 respectively. The self-reported Facial Affective Scale for anxiety level showed a significant difference between the VR and control groups (P < .001). Conclusion: It was determined that using the (VR)headset significantly reduced the pediatric pain felt and level of anxiety during a venipuncture procedure.
Keywords:Virtual reality, pain management, distraction, non-pharmacological analgesia, children anxiety.

Abstract:Background: Not only Adolescence is a golden chance for preventing the harms caused by unhealthy behavior, but also it is a time for empowering adolescents to practicing healthy lifestyle including healthy eating habits with adequate food consumption pattern. Aim: the study aimed to assess the current nutritional status of the studied adolescents attending Alexandria youth centers, explore the Egyptian food myths from the studied adolescents, their parents and staff members of youth centers point of views, and evaluate the adolescents’ nutritional knowledge, and practices pre and post the nutritional awareness campaign implementation. Study design: Two study designs were used (triangulated and quasi-experimental design). Study settings: The study was conducted at two youth centers in Alexandria governorate, Egypt. Study tools: four tools were used for data collection from the adolescents and their parents namely: Tool 1:  Adolescents’ Nutritional Awareness and Practices Assessment Questionnaire, Tool II: Twenty Four Hours Dietary Recall Assessment Tool, Tool III: The Current Nutritional Status of Adolescent Assessment Tool, and Tool IV: Egyptian Food Myths Focus Group Discussion Guide. Study subjects: The study subjects consisted of80 adolescents for quantitative data and 20 adolescents and 20 parents in addition to 4 staff members of youth centers for qualitative data. Results: The findings of the present study revealed that according to the assessment of the nutritional status a of the studied adolescents based on their body mass index (BMI) classifications, slightly more than three quarters  of them have average body weight, slightly around tenth of them have overweight, and exactly one tenth of them  were underweight, the adolescent food intake according to Food Dome Dietary Guideline for Arab Countries pre and post the nutritional awareness campaign application revealed a significant improvement regarding all food elements in addition to practicing of sports. Food myths as mentioned by the adolescents and their parents were divided into three main categories; firstly “weight control related myths”, “Healthy food related myths”, and “Pregnancy and lactation related myths”. The nutritional awareness and practice level of the adolescent’s pre and post the campaign revealed a significant improvement post the campaign than pre. Conclusion: Nutritional awareness campaign affecting adolescents’ awareness and practice positively and empowering them regarding their healthy food consumption. Recommendations: Public awareness campaigns are needed to raise adolescents’ awareness regarding the negative health impacts of high salt and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. Food safety awareness campaigns are also needed at different adolescents’ existing facilities including schools, clubs, and youth friendly clinics. Arabic scientific nutrition web sites and resources that covering nutrition healthy messages should be directed to empower the adolescents to combat unhealthy nutrition related myths, finally, further study must be directed to study the effect of empowered adolescents on their peers in the area of nutrition awareness.
Keywords:Myths, eating behaviors, behavior change communication, adolescent empowerment.

Abstract:Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a complex autoimmune disorder, is associated with thromboembolic events. Pregnancy in a woman with APS endures a high-risk situation with increased incidence of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. Aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of preconception nursing guideline on pregnancy outcome for APS women. A quasi experimental design was utilized to conduct this study. This study was conducted at Rheumatology, immunology and antenatal clinic, in addition to labor room at Fayoum University, and El Nabawy El Mohandes hospital. A purposive sample of 78 women diagnosed with APS (included 39 pregnant women control group and 39 APS women in study group, but only 30 women succeeded to get pregnancy and reach delivery phase) were recruited for conducting this study. Six tools were used for data collection named structured interviewing questionnaire, follow up diary, disease Index- in anti-phospholipids syndrome women, modified WHO partogram, Apgar score and Health Practices Questionnaire. Results: showed that there is a high statistical significant improvement in women's knowledge regarding APS and statistical significant improvement on APS women's compliance to percussion measure after implementation of the guideline. Moreover, there is a statistical significant decrease in degree of generalize pain and a highly statistically significant decrease in the mean score of APSDAI after implementation of the guideline. Pregnancy outcome revealed that most maternal complications for control group and study group was abortion that represents 23.1%, in control group, while, and represent 16.7%, in study group. Conclusion: The implementation of preconception nursing guideline has a statistically significant positive effect on improving pregnancy outcome for women with APS. Recommendations: Teaching program to improve nurse's knowledge and practice regarding nursing care of women with Antiphospholipid Syndrome in preconception period.
Keywords:Preconception nursing guideline, maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity, Anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome.

Abstract:Kidney transplantation in children is the most successful treatment option for children with kidney failure. The use of evidence-based clinical instructional guideline is one means of improving and maintaining the quality of care for children with kidney transplantationSo, the aim of this study was to develop instructional guidelines for Pediatric Nurses' and improve care of children with kidney transplantation. Design: A quasi-experimental study design was carried out. The subjects included all nurses (30) working at the in-patient and outpatient clinic in kidney transplantation unit affiliated to Abo Elresh Pediatric Hospital.Data collection tools: A structured questionnaire interview sheet and an observation checklist, used in pre-post testing to measure the effect of an instructional guidelines for pediatric nurses. Results: The study revealed deficiency in pre-intervention knowledge and practices. Statistically significant improvement of knowledge and practices were demonstrated at the post-intervention assessment of the studied nurses. Statistically significant relations were shown between knowledge and practices among studied nurses. The instructional guidelines were successful in correcting the deficiency of nurses' performance.The study concluded that nurses' knowledge and practice toward children with kidney transplantation improved significantly after implementation of instructional guidelines for nurses. So, the researchers recommended that instructional guidelines should be applied in similar settings to validate and improve nursing care in kidney transplantation children hospitals.
Keywords:Children, Instructional guidelines, kidney Transplantation & Pediatric Nurses'.

Abstract:Osteoporosis is called a silent disease because bone loss occurs without symptoms. It is the main cause of age-related fractures and disabilities with a consequent increasing healthy, social and economic impact. An awareness and knowledge towards bone health and osteoporosis is a particularly important strategy for successful prevention of osteoporosis. Aim: evaluate the outcomes of nursing educational interventions concerning osteoporosis on adults' awareness and their practice of healthy habits. Design: A quasi-experimental research design with one group (pre-posttest) was utilized. Setting: The study was conducted at rehabilitation and orthopedic outpatient's clinic, ‎Zagazig, and Menoufia University Hospitals.‎Subjects: ‎A convenience sample of total 350 adult women, men, and their relatives' ‎attended for rehabilitation and orthopedic outpatient clinics were engaged after their expressing willingness to participate and ‎give permission for the interview. Tools: a structured interviewing questionnaire containing 44 questions covered sociodemographic data, general medical history, and specific female history, awareness regarding osteoporosis and life ‎habits, sources of their knowledge. ‎Results:Three quarters of subjects had ‎a negative family history of osteoporosis and nearly two-thirds of them ‎had a negative history of previous fracture. There were a statistically significant ‎difference as regards life habits and adults 'awareness of general ‎knowledge score about osteoporosis, prevention knowledge, nutrition ‎knowledge. Conclusion: the application of nursing ‎educational intervention accepted the study hypothesis by significantly improving the level of the ‎studied adults' awareness about osteoporosis and their practice of healthy habits ‎as nutrition and preventive measures. More ever, the total adequacy awareness score of the studied ‎participants significantly associated with their level of education. ‎Recommendations:Continuous applying of health nursing education sessions about osteoporosis and using ‎lectures, handouts, educational pictures, and videos. Empowering the role of health care providers in improving awareness about osteoporosis, ‎modifying life habits through mass media and scientific programs.‎National public survey for early detection of Vit D deficiency and osteoporosis risk factors.‎
Keywords:adults' awareness, health habits, nursing educational intervention, outcomes, osteoporosis.

Abstract:Self learning module is an essential step to assist caregivers and their children to cope effectively with blood disorders and its complications as well as, reach adulthood safely.Nurse act as a teacher role in learning process, she becomes a resource person, facilitator, manager and consultant in the total learning process. This study aimedto evaluate the effect of self learning module on caregivers of children suffering from common blood disorders. Research design: A quasi experimental design was done, Sample: A purposive sample that included 40 children having blood disorders from both gender and their caregivers. Setting: The study was conducted at outpatient clinic at Fayoum University Children' Hospital, Fayoum governorate. Tools of data Collection: include questionnaire sheet, observation check lists and liker type rating scale to assess the caregivers' knowledge, practice, and attitude regarding common blood disorders additionally; self-learning module was used based on actual need assessment of the studied sample. The results of this study revealed statistical significance differences pre, post and follow up of self learning module regarding caregivers' knowledge, practices and attitude towards their children suffering from blood disorders. Conclusion: There was a positive effect of self learning module on improving caregivers' knowledge, practices and attitude towards their children suffering from blood disorders. The study recommendation: self learning module should be revised and updated for newly caregivers of children suffering from blood disorders.
Keywords:Empowerment module, caregivers, children, blood disordersand nurse.

Abstract:Premenstrual syndrome is a relatively common disorder that affects approximately 90 % of women during the reproductive period at various degrees and characterized by troublesome symptoms as tension, irritability, depression, headache, anxiety and loss of self-control that develop during the luteal menstrual phase and disappear within a few days of menstruation. Aim: To investigate effect of relaxationtraining augmented with foot reflexology on symptoms of premenstrual syndrome among nursing female students. Method: A quasi-experimental research design  (pre and post-intervention).Sample: A purposive sample of 200 female students who have premenstrual syndrome and fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited. They were randomly assigned into four equal groups.  Setting: The study was conducted at Faculty of Nursing at Menoufia University on nursing female's students. Instruments: A self-administrated questionnaire, Knowledge assessment questionnaire of premenstrual tension symptoms and the numeric pain rating scale (NRS). Results: There were no statistical significance differences among the four study groups regarding physical, psychological, and emotional symptoms before the intervention but there were highly statistical significance differences among them at different phases of intervention (after use in the same menstrual cycle, second cycle  and after third cycle (p=<0.001**, <0.001** and<0.001**) respectively.. Increasingly, there was more decrease in mean score regarding pain related symptoms at follow up phase than post-test phase. Conclusion: It seems that relaxation training and self-foot reflexology can be significantly effective in reducing premenstrual syndrome. Furthermore adding self-foot reflexology to relaxation training had a great positive effect on relieving premenstrual syndrome related symptoms among the study nursing  female students at different phases of intervention (pre-test, immediately post-test and follow up) than relaxation training only in terms of reducing physical, psychological, and emotional symptoms. Recommendations: Relaxation training and self-foot reflexology should be a clinical practice as an effective nursing interventions to reduce premenstrual syndrome.
Keywords:Self-foot reflexology, relaxation training, premenstrual syndrome. 

Abstract:Acute esophageal variceal bleeding is a frequent complication of cirrhosis, occurs in up to 70% of patients, early resuscitation and supportive management, is critical and essential for better outcomes.Aim: evaluate the effect of emergency nursing measures on the clinical outcomes of patients with esophageal varices undergoing endoscopy. Design: quasi-experimental study.Setting: this study was conducted at Hematemesis Unit in Medical Intensive Care Unit at Tanta Main University Hospital. Subjects: convenience sample of 80 adult patients with acute esophageal varices (AEV) divided into two equal groups, study group: managed by protocol nursing   care was implemented by the researcher and control group: that received routine nursing hospital care. Tools: five tools were  used,tool I Structure interview schedule and Patient’s Biosocio-demographic characteristic , tool II Esophageal varices nutritional problems tool III Pain assessment tool, tool IV Esophageal varices (EV) complications monitoring schedule  & tool V Esophageal varices patient's clinical outcomes monitoring. Results:  there was statically significant difference between both control and study groups regarding the consciousness level, vital signs, hemodynamic status and the complications rate, while there was difference but not significant in relation to anthropometrics measurements and A.B.G findings. Conclusions: emergency nursing care measuresfor patients with acute esophageal varices had a positive effect on their clinical outcomes. Recommendations: emergencyprotocol of nursing care should be carried out as a routine care for patients with esophageal varices.             
Keywords:protocol of esophageal varices, clinical outcomes.

Abstract:Visual challenges adolescent girls (either blind or week vision) is a group of disable girls who needs a special attention especially during their start of reproductive period with menstruation since they are not widely being properly addressed. The study aimed to investigate the effect of structured audio educational sessions on visually challenges adolescent school-girls’ knowledge and practices regarding menstruation. Design: A quasi-experimental one-group pre/post-test research design was utilized. Setting: Al-Nour School for the Blind, Mansoura, Egypt. Sample: A convenient sample of fifty-three visually challenges adolescent school-girls. Tools: Three tools were used for data collection;  I: Structured interviewing Questionnaire which consisted of three parts; first part to assess socio-demographic data; second part to assess menstrual characteristics; and the third part to assess participants’ knowledge regarding menstruation. II: menstruation check list to assess participants’ practices regarding menstrual hygiene and management of its minor alignment.III: School-girls’ satisfaction Questionnaire with the audio-educational sessions regarding menstruation. Results: There were lack of visually challenges adolescent school-girls’ knowledge and practices regarding menstruation before implementing the Audio educational session. In addition, there were an improvement in the total   knowledge and practices scores of the participants regarding menstruation after provision of the Audio educational sessions with highly statistically significant differences (P<0.001).  Conclusion: the audio educational sessions were effective in enhancement of the visually challenges adolescent school-girls’ knowledge and practices regarding menstruation. Recommendation: Raising awareness of adolescent school-girls regarding menstruation by further educational programs especially for school-girls with disabilities.
Keywords:Menstruation, Visually challenges adolescent, menstrual knowledge and practices.

Abstract:Healthcare organizations started to pay increased attention to the concept of job crafting and adaptive performance especially among staff nurses, which considered the cornerstone of quality care with in health care organization. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between job crafting and adaptive performance among staff nurses. Research design: A descriptive correlational design was used. Setting: The study was conducted in Ain-Shams University Hospitals. Subjects: Two hundred and fifty staff nurses were included in the study. Tools of data collection: Job crafting scale and adaptive performance questionnaire were used to collect data for this study. Results: increasing structural job resources dimension of job crafting had the highest mean score. Meanwhile, the lowest mean score was decreasing hindering job demands. The training and learning effort dimension of adaptive performance had the highest mean score, while managing work stress and dealing with unpredictable work situations dimension had the lowest mean score .Slightly less than half of staff nurses had low level regarding adaptive performance. Conclusion: There was strong positive correlation between job crafting and adaptive performance among staff nurses. Recommendations: Organizations have to map out strategies for enhancing adaptive performance and permit nurses' crafting to their jobs to improve quality, productivity and organizational success.
Keywords:Adaptive performance, Job crafting, Job demands -resources model, Staff nurses.

Abstract:Today's infection prevention and control practitioners can come from a range of professional and occupational backgrounds and require a much broader range of competences than ever before. These competencies provided an overarching framework to enable nurses to develop and enhance their knowledge and skills to protect patients against infection, in order to enhance their recovery, prevent deterioration in their health, and achieve high quality of nursing care. Therefore, staff nurses should have sound competencies to infection control and prevention. Aim of the study: to assess staff nurses' core competencies of infection control and prevention. Research design: A descriptive research design was utilized in this study. Sample: All the available staff nurses (200) were recruited in the current study. Setting: The study was conducted in intensive care units, operating room unit and infection control unit at El-menshawyGeneralHospital at Gharbia Governorate that is affiliated to Ministry of Health and Population. Tools of data collection: one toolwas developed: A structured questionnaire of Staff Nurses' Core Competencies in Infection Control and Prevention to assess staff nurses' core competencies regarding infection control and prevention.Results: the current study revealed that, mean score about total domains of staff nurses' core competencies was238.895 ± 64.304. However, the highest mean scores of total staff nurses competencies related to leadership and management competency for prevention and control hospital infection was 80.225 ± 23.139.the lowest mean scores of total staff nurses competencies related to learning and teaching competency for prevention and control hospital infection was 27.220 ± 8.079 However, there was positive significant relation between staff nurses' personal characteristics and their total core competencies for prevention and hospital control in all items p<0.001. There was also, positive significant correlations matrix between differentstaff nurses' core competencies of prevention and control hospital infection p<0.001.The study conclude that,the staff nurses competency for prevention and infection control resembled the highest rated responded related to leadership and management competency corresponding with other competency of prevention and infection control. There is a significant correlation between staff nurses' personal characteristics and core competencies of prevention and infection control. Also, there is a significant matrix correlation between core competencies of prevention and infection control. Recommendation: Leadership should be developed, evaluate, and revise a mission and vision statement, goals and action plans for the infection prevention and control program. The infection control unit should be emphasis the need for continuous training courses about infection control to facilitate adherence to infection control measures.
Keywords: Core competencies, Staff nurses, Infection control, Conceptual framework.

Abstract:Pediatric β-thalassemia major must be treated with life-long blood transfusions. Therefore, pediatric nurses should have safe and competent practices. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate effectiveness of an educational program in improving nursing care practices regarding pediatric transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia major. Design: A quasi experimental design was utilized to conduct this study. Settings: The study was conducted at in-patient and out-patient Pediatric departments affiliated to both Suez Canal University Hospitals and Ismailia General Hospital. Subjects: A convenient  sample comprised 60 nurses from the previously mentioned settings. Tools: Three tools were used to collect data: Tool (1), A structured interviewing questionnaire sheet concerned with nurses’ personal data and their knowledge regarding pediatric transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia  major. Tool (2), Routine Blood Transfusion Knowledge Questionnaire to assess nurse's knowledge about blood transfusion. Tool (3), Observational checklists to assess nurses' practices regarding pediatric transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia major. Results: The results revealed that, statistically significant improvement in the knowledge and practices of the studied nurses regarding pediatric transfusion -dependent for pediatric β-thalassemia majorpost implementation of the program than pre-program. Also, there was a positive correlation between total nurses' knowledge and practices post-implementation of the educational program. Conclusion: Studied nurses’ total knowledge and practice scores regarding pediatric transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia major were improved post-implementation of the educational  program than pre-program implementation. Recommendation: The study, emphasized on the importance of continuous training programs for pediatric nurses regarding pediatric transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia major
Keywords:Educational program, Pediatric transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia major, Nursing care practices.

Abstract:Normal pregnancy is a non pathological condition characterized by a series of complex hormonal adaptations that occur to ensure that sufficient glucose is available to meet the nutritional requirements of the growing fetus without causing maternal hypoglycemia. Hyperglycemia, a hallmark of diabetes, it is an important cause of maternal and fetal complications in pregnancies of women with any type of diabetes. Generally, the pregnancy in women with diabetes is associated with high risk of obstetric and neonatal complications, morbidity and mortality. Aim: Evaluate  the impact of diet and exercise protocol for pregnant diabetic women on pregnancy and labor outcomes.Subjects and methods: Quasi experimental  Research – design was carried out in this study, Sample size was estimated to be100 individuals divided into two groups, one control group (50 case) and one study group (50 case) conducted at the Obstetric and Gynecology department (Antenatal clinics, labor ward) in Suez Canal University Hospital , Maternal and child Health Centers in Ismailia City. Results: This study revealed that there are no statistical significant difference between two groups ( control and study) in pre intervention , also revealed that there high statistical significant difference between pre and posttest in study group regarding to short and long term complications related to diabetes during pregnancy as body mass index ,blood glucose level , blood pressure level of women , macrosomia , shoulder dystochia of their babies.Conclusion: This study found that lifestyle intervention which include change in diet and exercises behavior  showed significant benefit in risk factors that are known to be associated with development of short and long term maternal complications as uncontrolled in blood pressure ,blood sugar level , pre-eclampsia , eclampsia and perinatal complications as macrosomia , shoulder dystochia ,cardiovascular disease. Incidence of gestational diabetes can be prevented through increased awareness and education of pregnant women about having appropriate lifestyles during pregnancy and any intervention that would lead to improved lifestyle.Recommendations: it is important to counsel diabetic women regarding the Pregnancy should be planned in women with preexisting diabetes, which includes a strict metabolic control with near or near-normal glucose levels, reached through lifestyle modifications, a healthy diet, and an exercise planning program to avoid short and long term complications for maternal and perinatal complications .
Keywords: Diabetes, Exercise, Diet, Pregnancy, Labor, Women, Fetus.

Abstract:Background: Hospital acquired infection (HAI) is considered an important public health problem. Transmission of infections in health care facilities can be prevented and controlled through the application of basic Infection Prevention and Control precautions which can be grouped into standard precautions, which must be applied to  all patients at all times, regardless of diagnosis or infectious status. Aim: Assess patients' and visitors' knowledge, practice, and attitude related to preventing infection at Aga Central Hospital. This through a cross sectional  study design was conducted on 384 patients and 384 visitors at 9 outpatient clinics at Aga Centralized Hospital during the researcher visit, by utilizing four tools: structured interview to assess socio demographic and economical characteristics, knowledge, subjective practice, attitude pf patients and visitors. Results: This study showed  that 53.6% of the studied patients reported good score level of the total knowledge and 83.7% of the studied visitors reported good score level of the total knowledge.  Related to subjective practice; 98.2% and 96.9% of the studied  patients and 96.6% and 99.5% of the studied visitors had proper subjective practice about hand washing and use of personal protective equipment respectively. As well 68.7% of the studied patients and  98.7% of the studied visitors had proper subjective practice about needle sticks injury. Most of the studied patients and visitors had positive attitude toward  preventing infection. there was statistically significant association between  level of education, residence and marital status and patients' total score of knowledge level. Conclusion: It can be concluded that, more than half of the studied patients reported good score level of the total knowledge and the majority of the studied visitors reported good score level of the total knowledge related to preventing infection. Related to subjective practice most of the studied patients and visitors had proper subjective practice about hand washing and use of personal protective equipment, further more; more than two thirds of the studied patients and the majority of the studied visitors had proper subjective practice about needle sticks injury. Finally most of the studied patients and visitors had positive attitude toward  preventing infection.
Recommendations: Develop and implement health education program to patients and visitors about infection prevention at outpatients clinics. Design and facilitate alternative media about infection prevention at outpatients clinics.
Keywords:Attitude, Knowledge, Patients, Practice, Preventing Infection, Visitors.

Abstract:Filmed Modeling (FM) is an innovative distraction technique which can be incorporated in situational anxiety for behavioral modification particularly among children with Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) undergoing Hemodialysis (HD) who are exposed to repeated Arterio-Venous Fistula (AVF) puncture twice or three times per week for the rest of their life. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of filmed behavioral modification modeling on anxious and cooperative behaviors during AVF puncture among children undergoing HD. Setting: This study was conducted atthe Kidney Dialysis Unit that provides HD service for children in Alexandria University Children’s Hospital at El-Shatby and Sporting Students’ Hospital, in Egypt.Subjects: The study subject comprised of 60 children with CRF undergoing HD aged from 4- 6 years and scheduled for HD three times per week via AVF regularly. Tools: Three tools were used to collect necessary data, namely: Children's Characteristics and Medical Data Sheet, Venham 6 Point IndexScale and Frankle 4-Point IndexScale. Results: The main study findings showed that a statistical significant differences were evident in children's anxious and cooperative behaviors during AVF puncture among study and control groups (^FEP =0.000).  Conclusion: It can be concluded thatFM as a method of behavioral modification has a positive effect on reducing anxious and uncooperative behaviors of children with CRF undergoing HD during AVF puncture. Recommendation: Health care professionals should use FM as a behavioral modificationmethod to reduce the anxious and uncooperative behaviorsof children undergoing HDwith AVF puncture.
Keywords:Filmed modeling; Behavioral modification; Anxious behavior; Cooperative behavior; Arterio-venous fistula puncture; Hemodialysis.

Abstract:Genital tract infections (GTIs) have been identified as a greater public andgenital health challenge worldwide. They presenta vast burden of disease and adversely influencegenital health of womencausing great mortality and morbidity in both adults and newborn infants and many of them intensify the risk for HIV transmission. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of an educational program on women with genital tract infection in reproductive age. Methods: A quasi-experimental study design was used at Bab El-sharia University Hospital, Al-Azhar University (Out-patient Gynecological Clinic). Sample: A purposive sample was used to recruit 170 women suffering from GTIs according to certain criteria: Having at least two of the signs and symptoms of GTIs, at reproductive age group (19- <45 years). Tools: 1) Semi-structured questionnaire, and 2) Self–administered assessment sheet.Results: Findings of the present study showed that the majority of the studied women had inadequate practice preprogram compared with most of them had adequate practice post program intervention with highly statistically significant difference. Furthermore, minority of them correctly followed-up healthy habits regarding prevention of GTIs preprogram compared with most of them correctly followed-up healthy habits regarding prevention of GTIs post program intervention with highly statistically significant difference. Moreover, all of them are not seeking for medical assistance. Finally, there was a positive correlation between total women's knowledge and their total reported practice regarding GTIs post program intervention. Conclusion: The implementation of educational program was effective as a method in improving the practice and knowledge of women in reproductive age as regards genital tract infection and its preventive measures. Recommendations: 1) The GTI preventive programs should be integrated into other reproductive health care programs such as family planning, maternal and child health services to provide broad-based reproductive health care. 2) Replication of the study on a larger sample and in different geographical areas in Egypt for generalization of findings.
Keywords:Educational program, Genital tract infection, reported practices and knowledge regarding GTIs.

Abstract:Pregnant woman during the last trimester face many challenges physically, and psychologically that can interfere with her ability to cope with and to be well prepared for labor process. Preparation for childbirth  (PFC) is an educational approach to labor and delivery that can help woman to be informed about pregnancy, birth, postpartum, parenting, breastfeeding, sexuality, changing relationships, and family. There is contradictory evidence on the effect of antenatal education on self-efficacy during labor process and more research is required.
Aim of the study:To determine the effect of implementation of educational program for pregnant women about childbirth preparation on coping with labor process.
Subjects and methods: A quasi experimental research design was used in a convenientsample of 60 primigravida women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the study They were selected from the antenatal outpatient clinic and inpatient unit of the obstetric and gynecological departments at Tanta University Hospital and El-Menshawy Hospital, and El Mehala ElKopra General Hospital affiliated to the Ministry of Health. They were randomly divided into two groups: study and control groups, 30 women each.
Tools of data collection:To achieve the aim of the study, four tools were used for data collection. Tool I Biosocio-demographic andcurrent pregnancy characteristics of the women, tool II Structured knowledge interview, tool III Childbirth Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES) and Tool (VI): Visual analogue scale (VAS) to assess labor pain severity.
Result: The study confirmed significant increase in the mean scores of the study group outcome expectancy and in the self-efficacy expectancy at the 1^st stage of labor post intervention and in the follow up (111.37±19.54, 115.23±13.26 & 113.63±15.76, 120.20±9.55 respectively) compared to the control group (56.60±8.30, 67.73±12.20 & 54.70±8.54, 62.07±8.18 respectively) with statistically significant difference between both groups (F=182.85, P=0.000* & F=228.22, P=0.000* respectively). The study also clarifies significant increase in the mean scores of the study group outcome expectancy and in the self-efficacy expectancy at the 2^nd stage of labor post intervention and in the follow up (118.17±11.57, 124.93±16.45 & 121.07±15.58, 128.87±12.02 respectively) compared to the control group (60.67±9.83, 71.40±16.23 & 56.43±6.93, 65.53±8.67 respectively) with statistically significant difference between both groups (F=216.85, P=0.000* & F=241.79, P=0.000* respectively). The study also demonstrated significant increase in the mean score of pain intensity (6.63±1.586, 9.00±1.259) among the control group compared to decrease (3.17±1.663, 4.33±1.709) among the study group during 1^st and 2^nd stages of labor with statistically significant difference (t= 8.263, P=0.000* and t= 12.042, P=0.000* respectively).
Conclusion and Recommendation: The childbirth preparation education program positively influenced primigravida women coping with labor process (self-efficacy, pain intensity and outcome expectancy). Thus, Childbirth preparation program should be arranged and applied to all pregnant women especially primigravida to promote their self-efficacy and coping with labor process. Further studies on the effect of childbirth education programs on childbirth experience of women with diseases associated with pregnancy and those who have pregnancy complications or at risk, as well as assessment of pregnant women needs for and perception of childbirth preparation program classes.
Keywords:Childbirth preparation, importance, contents, labor process.

Abstract:Medication errors remain a major source of morbidity and mortality among neonates. Intravenous devices support is required in medication administration process to mimic the incidence of medication errors until complete recovery of the neonate. Nurses play a vital role in neonatal safety through prevention of medication errors. Aim: to assess nurses' practical knowledge about neonatal safety using intravenous devices for prevention of medication errors. Methods: A descriptive research design was conducted on a sample of 82 nurses working in neonatal intensive care unit at Mansoura University Children Hospital. Structured interview questionnaire used to assess nurses' practical knowledge about neonatal safety using intravenous devices for prevention of medication errors. Results: More than half of the studied nurses had average level of knowledge about neonatal safety and methods of prevention of medication errors. Nearly half of the studied nurses have average to poor level of knowledge about medication administration process as well as the majority of them had average level of knowledge about medication errors. Also, the majority of the studied nurses know the strategies used to reduce medication errors among neonates. Conclusion: Nearly two thirds of neonatal nurses had average level of practical knowledge about neonatal safety using intravenous devices for prevention of medication errors. There was a statistical significant difference between nurses' level of practical knowledge about neonatal safety and their gender. There was no statistical significant difference between nurses' level of knowledge about neonatal safety using intravenous devices for prevention of medication errors and their demographic characteristics. Recommendations: Periodical in-service training programs for neonatal intensive care staff nurses about neonatal safety, medication administration process and methods of prevention of medication errors.
Keywords:Intravenous Devices, Medication Errors, Neonatal safety, Nurses, Practical Knowledge, Prevention.

Abstract:The role transition from student to newly professional nurse can be stressful. Nursing internship students may find themselves in situations that are prepared inadequately. As a rapidly advancing profession, nursing demands higher cognitive skills from nurses to provide direct and complex care more rapidly in life threatening situation such as ECG interpretation. In hospital, at critical care units, the nurse is the person most involved with ECG monitoring. Nurses should have sufficient knowledge in ECG interpretation tomaximize the quality of care and patient outcomes. Aim: To evaluate the effect of implementing educational program about electrocardiogram interpretation on internship nursing students' performance at intensive care units. Method: A quasi-experimental research study with one-group pretest and posttest assessments was used in conducting the present study. The study involved all internship nursing students (N= 200). The nursing interns were trained in the various areas of Anesthesia Intensive Care Units, cardiology, neurology, medical and oncology, hemodialysis, burn and operating room. Data were collected using the Socio-demographic Data of Nurses' internship, Internship Nursing Students' Knowledge Assessment Sheet and Internship Nursing Students' Observational Checklist. Results: It was observed that the total knowledge score was 25.92±13.92 pre implementation and it was 43.15±2.70 immediately after educational program and was decreased to 35.31±5.34 after three months with  a significant difference ,while P=0.000. About one quarter (24.5%) of the sample had high knowledge score pre educational program compared to the vast majority (99.0%) of them immediately after program and the percentage was decreased to (41.5%) post three months of program. Also, most (75.0%) of the sample had unsatisfactory level of practice score pre educational program. On the other hand, the majority (99.0%) of them had satisfactory level immediately after program and the percentage was (77.5%) after three months from implementation of the program. P= 0.000. Conclusion: It can be concluded that educational program was beneficial in improving nurses' internship students' knowledge and practice toward electrocardiogram interpretation. Recommendation: There should be a continuous in–service training program for updating the knowledge and skills of nurses 'internship students
Keywords:'internship students, ECG interpretation.

Abstract:Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) has been shown to effectively diminish systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The DASH diet and increased physical activities were associated with clinically significant decreases in blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Objective: to assess the effect of DASH diet and walking exercises on blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Setting: The study was conducted at the cardiology outpatient clinic at the Main University Hospital in Alexandria. Subjects: They comprised a convenience sample of 60 patients with hypertension who were classified into group A (DASH) and group B (DASH and walking exercise) (n=30 in each group). Tools: Tool I: Hypertensive Patients Knowledge, Attitude Structured Questionnaire. Tool II: Blood Pressure Measurement Chart. Tool III: Health Education Module. Results: Patients received diet approach to stop hypertension (DASH) and walking exercises (Group B) exhibited improvement in the blood pressure than patients who received diet approach (DASH) only to stop hypertension (Group A). Conclusion: Using exercises in combination with DASH had a significant effect on reduction of blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Recommendations: The developed booklet about DASH diet and walking exercise should be available and distributed to each hypertensive patients at Cardiology Unit and develop health teaching program to nurses working in Cardiology Unit.
Keywords:Walking Exercises, Blood Pressure, Hypertensive Patients, DASH.

Abstract:Early onset neonatal hypocalcaemia is a frequently observed clinical and laboratory abnormality in neonates. Ionic calcium is crucial for many biochemical processes including blood coagulation, neuromuscular excitability, cell membrane integrity and many of the cellular enzymatic activities. Whereas, it presents within 72 hours and requires treatment with calcium supplementation. Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of training program on nurses’competent practices regarding early detection and management of early onset neonatal hypocalcaemia.Design: A quasi-experimental design was utilized to conduct this study. Settings: The study was carried out the neonatal intensive care units at Benha University Hospital and Benha Teaching Hospital affiliated to Ministry of HealthSample: A convenient sample included all the available nurses (65), who were working at the previously mentioned settings and a convenient sample of all neonates (100) suffering from early onset hypocalcaemia. Tools: Tools of data collection included;Tool (I): A structured interviewing questionnaire schedule; to explore neonates' characteristics, nurses’ personal data and their knowledge regarding early detection and management of early onset neonatal hypocalcaemia.Tool (II): Observational checklist to assess the actual nurses' practices regarding early detection and management of early onset neonatal hypocalcaemia. Results: The present study results revealed that, the mean age of nurses was 30.76±7.00years years and nearly three quarter of them had not attended training programs related to NICU. There were highly statistical significant differences (P<0.001) concerning nurses’ knowledge and practice pre/post-implementation of the training program regarding early detection and management of early onset neonatal hypocalcaemiaand there was a positive correlation between total nurses' knowledge and practice regarding early detection and management of early onset neonatal hypocalcaemiapost-implementation of the training program. Conclusion: Nurses’ total knowledge and practice scores regarding early detection and management of early onset neonatal hypocalcaemiawere improved post-implementation of the training program than pre-program implementation. Recommendation: The study, emphasized on the importance of continuing in-service training for nurses regarding early detection and management of early onset neonatal hypocalcaemia
Keywords:Competent, Practices, Early Detection, Management& Early Onset Neonatal Hypocalcaemia.

Abstract:Hepatitis C virus diseases are a serious public health problem worldwide. Only few studies were done on employees’ related knowledge and awareness. Aim of the study: The study was aimed at measuring the prevalence of HCV infection among the employees of an Egyptian financial company at Kafr El-Zayat city, identifying its risk factors, and investigating the effect of providing related educational sessions on the knowledge of HCV positive ones. Subjects and methods: The study was conducted at a financial company located at Kafr El Zayat city, Gharbia Governorate, Egypt using a descriptive cross-sectional design for the prevalence, and a one-group quasi-experimental design with pre-post assessment for the intervention. All 818 employees in the company were included in the prevalence study, and those testing HCV positive were included in the intervention. Datacollection tools included an interview questionnaire for personal and medical history, a laboratory sheet for recording HCV and HBV tests results, and a knowledge test for the intervention. The intervention was carried out through assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation phases. The fieldwork was from October 2017 to May 2018. Results: The prevalence of HCV sero-positivity was 7.33% (95% Confidence Interval: 5.69-9.28). It was significantly related to low income, accidental wounds, bilharzial treatment, previous hospitalization, endoscopy, drug abuse, and multiple sex partners. The knowledge of HCV sero-positive employees was low before the intervention, but significantly improved after the intervention; thus satisfactory knowledge rose from 20.0% to 100.0% after the intervention (p<0.001). Conclusion and recommendations:  HCV sero-positivity is relatively high among employees in the setting, and their knowledge is amenable to improvement through educational sessions. Widespread educational programs targeting employees and workers in various work settings are recommended.
Keywords:HCV, Sero-positivity, Knowledge, Employees.
Title:Prevalence of HCV among Financial Company Employees and Effectiveness of Educational Sessions on the Knowledge of HCV Positive Ones
Author:Samia Farouk Mahmoud, Mervat Elshahat Ibrahim, Ahlam Shaaban A. Abou El-Khair
ISSN 2394-7330
International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing
Novelty Journals

Abstract:High attrition rates suggest that new graduates do not easily transition into the role of registered nurse, having to come to terms with not only clinical issues and time management but also assimilating with their professional identity
Subjects and Methods:A descriptive design was used and the study was conducted on 82 head nurses and 53 new graduate nurses working at, Mansoura University hospital and25jury experts from different nursing faculties and hospital by using three tools as: transition requirement questionnaire aimed to evaluate the requirement for new graduate nurses' transition guideline observation check list aimed to determine the activity performed by participants related to the requirements for new graduate transition guideline
Results:The results indicated that there was a highly agreement of the transition sub items of the proposed guideline. As well, the proposed guideline was agreed upon its content and face validity by majority of jury experts. 
Recommendation:collaboration between faculty of nursing and health care instiutions to ensurethat transition to practice guideline content is akey identifiable component in undergraduate nurse programs.
Keywords:Transition To Professional Practice, New Graduates Mansoura University, Guideline, Validation.

Abstract:Head injuries are an important exporter of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with approximately 69 million affected individuals each year. Improvement of clinical outcomes by effective utilization of an educational program on nurses' performance for the patient with head injuries. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an educational program on nurses' performance regarding the care of the patients with head injuries. Subjects and method: A Quasi-experimental design was used in the study was conducted at the neurointensive care unit in Suez Canal University hospital in Ismailia city. A convenient sample of 30 nurses was included in the study.  Data were collected through two tools; Nurses' knowledge questionnaire and observational checklist to assess nurses' knowledge and practice regarding care of the patients with head injuries. Results: There was a statistically significant improvement in nurses' knowledge and practice regarding the care of patients with head injuries before and after the implementation of the educational program (p˂0. 001). Conclusion: The study concluded that the implementation of an educational program for nurses improves their knowledge and practice regarding the care of patients with head injuries which support the current research hypotheses.Recommendation, The study emphasizing the importance of implementing an educational program for nurses caring for patients with a head injury to reduce the occurrence of head injuries complications, A regular training program should be applied in hospitals and conducting the same study in a larger sample is recommended.
Keywords:educational program, head injuries, nurses' performance.

Abstract:Ocular surface disorders (OSD) are frequently encountered in critically ill unconscious patients due to the loss of normal ocular protective mechanisms. in addition to the drawback effect of mechanical ventilation & the use of sedations which leads to decrease tear production and increase evaporation due to eye lid opening, may progress to microbial keratitis and vision defect. Unfortunately, this common problem is underappreciated by ICU clinicians, who usually focused on the management of organ failures, and eye care becomes a side issue. Eye care guidelines and protocols have been developed for increasing eye care implementation in intensive care units. However, the guidelines lack consistency in assessment or intervention methodology. The study aim was to examine the effect of designated eye care protocol on prevention of ocular surface diseases (OSD) among intensive care units (ICU) patient. Methods: To achieve this aim A quasi experimental/interrupted time- series design with nonequivalent group design was utilized to guide and achieve the aim of the current research. Study results of this study revealed that there were high statistical significance differences between pre eye care protocol application and post protocol application among study group regarding OSD sub items as eye discharges, eye lid position, presence of conjunctival edema and corneal changes (P<0.001). The study concluded that, regular screening by ICU staff, protocolised care is necessary to prevent the OSD and subsequent complications and prompt ophthalmic referral can significantly decrease the ocular morbidity and improve the quality of life following discharge. The study recommended; establishing a written update protocol of eye care for ventilated & sedated patients in CCU to ensure providing complete and professional care for patients; it’s also recommended to implement the current study on the other hospitals in Egypt.
Keywords:Eye care, Intensive Care Unit, Ocular surface disorders.

Abstract:Oral mucositis is described as one of the most common distressing symptoms reported by pediatric oncology patients and nurses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the nursing care adherence regarding management of oral mucositis in children undergoing oncology therapy. Research design: A quasi experimental study was used. Settings:  The study was conducted at Benha Specialized Pediatric Hospital and National Cancer Institute in Cairo. Sample: A Convenient sample of nurses (n=57) and purposive sample of children undergoing oncology therapy (n=140) were included from the above mentioned settings. Those children were divided equally into two groups (study and control) (n=70) in each group. Tools of data collection: Four tools were used; tool I; a structured questionnaire format; it consisted of 3 parts. Part 1: personal characteristics of the studied nurses, Part 2: Personal characteristics and medical data of the studied children, Part 3: nurses’ knowledge regarding oral mucositis and oral care in children undergoing oncology therapy. Tool II; An observational checklist to assess nurses’ practice towards children undergoing oncology therapy.  Tool III: Oral Assessment Guide (OAG) scale to assess oral condition in children undergoing oncology therapy.  Tool IV; The combined Children’s International Mucositis Evaluation Scale (ChIMES) and the World Health Organization (WHO) oral mucositis scale.Results: There was a statistical significant improvement in nurses’ knowledge and practices pre nursing care protocol implementation compared with post implementation. The study group had improved symptoms regarding oral  mucositis in the first, second and third weeks  after implementation of nursing care adherence compared with the control group who received routine nursing care.Conclusion:This study concluded that nursing care adherence had a positive effect on the improvement of nurses' knowledge and practice about caring of children undergoing oncology therapy; as well as improvement of oral condition in children in the study group undergoing oncology therapy compared with the control group. Recommendation: The study recommended that continuous educational programs regarding caring nursing management of oncology therapy related complications in children. Also, continuous training sessions for nurses to improve and update their oral care knowledge and practice. Future, observational studies aiming to improve the overall management of OM should be conducted.
Keywords:Nursing Care Protocol, Oral Mucositis, Children & Oncology Therapy.

Abstract:Bullying is now recognized as a widespread and often neglected problem in schools around the world, and one that has serious implications for children who are victimized by bullies and for those who perpetrate the bullying. Aim: this study aimed toassess prevalence, behaviors and attitudes of students regarding bullying at preparatory schools in Port Said city. Research design: A descriptive cross - sectional research design was used in this study. Setting: the study was conducted at five preparatory schools, selected randomly from all five districts of Port Said city; Egypt. Sample: All students from the four class’s ch0sen randomly fr0m each selected schools, with total number of 792 students. Tools: two tools were used for this study, First tool: Bullying Behavior sheet for the students (it includes four parts, personal data, prevalence, perception &behavior of bullying), second tool: Bullying Attitudes Questi0nnaire- Modified (BAQ-M). Results: the study results revealed that, 53.0% of them were females, 50.5% were in 2^nd grade, 21.0% of the students mentioned they saw  bullying in their classroom &grade, moreover, 21.5% of students reported that bullying occur most common from a group of boys, 34.1% of the students said they always seeing bullying at school, where, classroom, playground were the most places of bullying in the school as reported by the students in (41.9% and 34.3%  respectively), furthermore, 42.4% of the victims students said they were verbally bullied, while,52.4% of the perpetrators students mentioned they were bullied others verbally.Conclusion: The results of this study concluded that, about one half of the studied students were victims of bullying & more than half of them were bullying others (act as perpetrators or bullies), boys were more exposed to & practice bullying than girls in general and in all types of bullying(verbal, emotional & physical). Furthermore, most of the studied students had mixed attitude of bulling, which mean that some bullying attitude is ok while some bullying attitude is wrong.Recommendation: Provide intervention training that defines bullying identifies the types of bullying and provides appropriate intervention strategies for reducing bullying in the schools, offer bullying prevention program that is specifically designed for students in grades from pre-kindergarten to secondary education.
Keywords:Attitude, behavior, bullying, perception, preparatory students.

Abstract:Surgical operation canlead to emotional distress for both children and their families that persists for a long time after discharge. This distress is commonly reflected as anxiety and fear. Through continuous care model, children's anxiety and fear can be decreased. Aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of implementing continuous care model on psychological outcomes in children undergoing abdominal surgery and mother's anxiety level.Setting:This study was conducted at the surgical pediatric unit at Benha Specialized Pediatric Hospital affiliated to the Ministry of Health. Design: A quasi experimental design was utilized for conducting the current study. Subjects: 100 children accompanying their mothers were selected purposively and divided equally into study and control groups. Tools of data collection: Four tools were used: Personal and medical assessment sheet, children's fear scale, visual facial anxiety scale and Spielberger state anxietyinventory. Results: The results of this study showed that 56% and 68% of children in the study group had significantly mild fear after 1 week, and 1 month of implementation of the care model compared to 26% and 22% in the control ones (P< 0.000). Meanwhile, about more than half (52%) and more than two thirds (70%) of children in the study group experienced mild level of anxiety after 1 week and 1 month of implementation of the care model compared to less than one quarter (16% and 12% respectively) of the control ones. Besides, majority of mothers in the study group reported significantly mild anxiety level after one week and one month of implementation of the care model compared tothe control ones (p˂0.000).Conclusion: The current study concluded that the continuous care model was efficient in decreasing the level of anxiety and fear among children undergoing abdominal surgery as well as mother's anxiety level. Recommendation: Implement continuous care model in surgical pediatric units which will help children along with their mothers feel empowered and this will alleviate the risk of anxiety and fear. Future research is suggested to compare the differences between continuous care model and other intervention.
Keywords:Abdominal surgery, anxiety level, continuous care model, children, psychological outcomes and mothers.

Abstract:Myocardial infarction is a life threatening disease that influences the physical, psychological and social dimensions of the individual.  Aim: Evaluate the effect  of educational guidelines on self -efficacy among patients with myocardial infarction Design:  A quesi experimental design will be used to conduct this study. Setting: The study will be conducted at Cardiology Ward and out patients in Specialized Medical Hospital in Mansoura University. Sample: The study will be including Patients who are 85patients with MI according formula. Tools of the study: Data will be collected using the following three tools:1- Interview questionnaire sheet consists of two main parts: Part I: Socio-demographic data Sheet, Part II: Knowledge assessment questionnaire, 2- General self-efficacy scale. Result: The present study revealed that there was a statistically significant difference in patients knowledge and self- efficacy at baseline, immediately, post 3 month of educational guidelines implementation were (p<0.001). Conclusion: More patients had inadequate knowledge and self efficacy regarding myocardial infarction pre implementing educational guidelines and improved post implementing educational guidelines.
Keywords:  Educational guidelines Myocardial infarction.  

Abstract:Wastage is defined as loss by use, decay, erosion, leakage and wastefulness. WHO (2005) reported over 50% vaccine wastage around the world.  Despite the availability of many tools for reducing such wastage, high wastage rates are still occurring in many countries^. Objective: assess the factors affecting the vaccine wastage at Family Medicine Units (FMUs)and Health Offices (Hos) in Alexandria City. Research question: What are the factors affecting the vaccine wastage at Family Medicine Units and Health Offices in Alexandria City? Research design: descriptive research design was used in this study. Setting: The study was carried out in family medicine units (FMUs) and health offices (HOs) in Alexandria city districts. Subjects: All staff nurses (N= 48) and all health inspectors (N= 36) who were working in immunization clinics in the previous randomly selected FMUs and Hos were included in this study and the period of data collection from 1^st of March 2014 to 30^th June 2014.Results: HOs showed acceptable level of vaccine wastage rate, while FMUs showed moderate level of vaccine waste, there was a statistically significant difference detected regarding vaccine wastage rate between HOs and FMUs. Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed acceptable level of vaccine wastage rate in HOs, while FMUs showed moderate level of vaccine waste.
Keywords:vaccine wastage, Family Medicine Units, vaccine waste.

Abstract:Nurse educators as one of the most crucial factors of nursing institutions play a critical role in educating and training specialized feature workforces. At the same time, they are continually geared toward learning to expand their capacity to achieve the desired outcomes of their organizations. In order to achieve this, it is very important to maintain quality of work life (QWL) among nurse educators to maintain the sustainability and viability of educational nursing institutions. Aim: The study aims to assess QWL as perceived by nurse educators and to study the association between nurse educators’ QWL and their socio-demographic and professional/ Academic characteristics. Method: A descriptive study was conducted using Nurse Educators’ Quality of Work Life Questionnaire that was given to 170 nurse educators working in nine departments at Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University. Results: The majority of nurse educators had moderate levels of QWL. Collegial relations and work life are the highest perceived QWL dimensions by the study participants, while rewards and support services are the lowest ones. Moreover, there were statistical significant differences among nurse educators’ overall QWL in relation to their socio-demographic and academic characteristics in terms of sex, marital status, and department (specialty).
Keywords:  Education, Educator, Higher, Nurse, Quality, Work life.

Abstract:Nurse managers play pivotal role for empowering staff nurses through providing support, encouragement and rewarding their staff that will result in job autonomy which is considered an important part for nurses satisfaction and retention.  Aim: This study was conducted to identify the unit nurse managers' role for empowering staff nurses' job autonomy. Method: Setting: intensive care units at Tanta Main University Hospital. Subjects: consisted of all nurses (160) and head nurses (26) worked in the previous setting. Tools: Data were collected using two tools: 1- Nurse manager role for empowering staff nurses job autonomy scale, tool 2- Nursing staff job autonomy scale.  Results: More than half of head nurses had moderate role level for empowering staff nurses job autonomy. Actually about half of nurses reported moderate level of job autonomy. There was significant correlation between nurses total scores of job empowerment andboth organizational relationship and self autonomy.Conclusion: Nurse managers at Tanta Main University Hospital were at moderate role level for empowering staff nurses' job autonomy and actually staff nurses were at moderate level of job autonomy. Recommendation: nurse managers should foster nurses autonomy by enabling them to practice clinical decision making and actively supporting nursing decisions and nursing accountability.
Keywords:nurse managers, staff nurses, autonomy, empowerment, organizational relationship.

Abstract:Female circumcision is a harmful traditional practice with severe consequences for the health and well-being of girls and women Aim: this study aimed to assess mother's awareness towards health consequences of female circumcision in rural community. Design: A descriptive design was used to conduct this study. Setting: This study was carried out at seven maternal and child health centres affiliated to Ministry of Health in El-Qualiobia governorate.Sample: A purposive sample of 300 mothers having female daughter’s from 7 to 15 years done circumcision or not.Tool: for data collection, a structured an interviewing questionnaire divided into five parts, socio-demographic data of mothers, history of female circumcision in family, mothers knowledge& reported practicestoward circumcision and its health consequences and mothers attitude toward causes leading to female circumcision. Results of the study revealed that: 33.3% of the studied mothers aged from 30 to <35 years, 70.3% of them perform circumcision for their daughters. 55.5% of daughters had health consequences after circumcision.Regarding mother's knowledge 25.7% of them had correct knowledge toward female circumcision. 65.3% of studied mothers had positive attitude toward female circumcision.Conclusion: The present study showed there was a statistically significant relation between mothers' socio-demographic characteristics and their total score of practices, there was a highly significant positive correlation between total level of mother's knowledge and their total score of attitude. Recommendation: Health education programs for increasing mother's awareness of about female circumcision and its health consequences at all maternal and child health (MCH) centres and maternal outpatient clinics.
Keywords:Female circumcision, awareness, rural community, Health consequences.

Abstract:To investigate the effect of brochure related to early postpartum hemorrhage on enhancing nurses' knowledge, practices and satisfaction.Setting: At obstetric departments in Damanhur teaching   hospital at Beheira Governorate.Study Design: A Quasi- experimental (an interventional pre and posttest study). Sample type: purposive sample. Sample size: 40nurse Tools: Three tools 1) a structured interviewing questionnaire. 2) An observational checklist.  And 3) Nurses' satisfaction tool.Results: The result of the present study findings had revealed that a highly significant improvement in total knowledge and practical skills among the studied sample pre intervention compared to immediate and eight weeks post intervention.
 P= < 0.01. Additionally 83% among studied sample satisfied with the advanced knowledge  included in the brochure. Conclusion: the present study findings concluded that a significant improvement among studied sample' knowledge and practices post intervention. Also the majority among the studied sample were satisfied with the implemented brochure. The main barriers that represented 75% which prevent nurses to comply with the implemented brochure eight weeks post intervention.Recommendations: Nursing standards, protocols and guideline must be designed to enhance nurses' knowledge, practices and satisfaction.
Keywords:early postpartum hemorrhage, Nursing standards, enhance nurses' knowledge.

Abstract:Problem-solving is at the center of nursing practices, hence, effective problem-solving educational program and decision making skills based on a powerful basis of knowledge are behaviors expected from nurses. Therefore, nurses need to improve their problem-solving to increase their decision-making skills. Aim of the study: This study aimed to examine the effect of problem-solving educational program decision-making skills among nurses in critical care units. Research Design:A Quasi-experimental (pre/post-test) design was utilized to achieve the aim of the current study. Study Setting:The study conducted in the critical care units at Benha University Hospital, Egypt. Study Sample:Convenience sample of staff nurses (158) from the total number (229) nurses. Tools of data collection: Three tools utilized; namely, problem solving knowledge assessment Questionnaire, the problem solving Inventory (PSI) Questionnaire, and nurse’s decision-making scale. Results: There was a highly statistically significant improvement in the level of problem-solving among staff nurses where (75%) of them had a high level of problem-solving post-program compared to preprogram scores (7%). While that there was a highly statistically significant improvement in the level of decision-making skills among nurses where (79%) of them had a high level(intuitive) of decision making skill post-program compared to preprogram scores (10%).and there was a highly statistical positive correlation between the total score of problem-solving and total score nurses’ decision-making skill throughout the program phases Conclusion: The study concluded that there a highly statistical positive correlation between the total score of problem-solving and total score staff nurses’ decision-making skill throughout the program phases. Recommendations: Problem-solving skills should be addressed in the nursing curriculum philosophy and objectives and should be integrated into the application of the nursing process in clinical experiences.
Keywords:Problem solving, educational program, Decision making, nurses. Critical care unit.

Abstract:Preterm infants are highly vulnerable group associated with the highest mortality rate. Applying developmental care is vital to support the behavioural organization, promoting physiological functioning, enable spontaneous motor activity and neuromuscular function. Aim: To examine the effect of the nesting technique on physiological parameters and neurobehavioral organization in preterm infants. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used to accomplish this study (study group I and study group II). Setting:  The present study was carried out in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at EL-Menoufia University Hospital, Shebin El-Kom City, Egypt. Sample: A purposive sample consisted of sixty preterm infants were chosen from the previously mentioned setting. Preterm infants classified randomly in either study group I and study group II through serial numbers of cases (30 in the study group I and 30 in the study group II). Tools: Three tools were used. Tool I: Neonatal Assessment Sheet. Tool II: Neonatal Behavioral Observation Sheet. Tool III: Neonatal Pain Scale. Results: There were highly statistical significant differences regarding the physiological parameter, behavioral and neurological outcomes of preterm infants' in thestudy group I compared tothestudy group II. Conclusion: the study concluded thatpreterm infants who received nesting technique had a betterphysiological adjustment and neurobehavioral organization than preterm infants in the study group II. Recommendations: Emphasize on the importance of applying the nesting technique for all preterm infants in the NICUs as a standard of care to improve their physiological parameters and neurobehavioral organization.
Keywords:Nesting technique, Physiological parameters, Neurobehavioral organization, preterm infants.

Abstract:Oral health is an integral component of preschool children’s health, many of them suffer from dental caries at an early age.  The study aimed to assess mothers’ knowledge and attitude regarding oral health of their preschool children. Design: Descriptive cross-sectional design. Setting: the study carried out in 12 governmental nurseries in Fakous city, Sharkia Governorate. Sample: multi-stage technique random sample. 360 mothers participate in the study Sample size: 360 mothers participated in the study. Tools: two tools were used to collect the necessary data, first tool ; an interview questionnaire sheet to assess mothers’ knowledge and attitude  regarding oral health of their preschool children, second tool;  dental health assessment checklist. Results: Preschool children age ranged between 3 and 5 years, with slightly more half were males (51.9%). The most commonly reported dental complaint was pain (73.3%). In total, 50.6% of the mothers had satisfactory knowledge and 29.4% had a positive attitude towards dental health and hygiene. Knowledge and attitude were positively correlated and are influenced by demographic characteristics. The number of abnormal dental assessment findings increased with child age and excess candies intake, but decreased with higher family income, child female gender, and the use of toothbrush. Conclusion and recommendations: A large proportion of preschool children have dental problems. Only a half of their mothers have satisfactory knowledge and fewer ones have positive attitude towards dental health and hygiene. Recommendation: the recommended that the mothers should have strong dental health programs for promotion of preschool children’s oral health with screening programs.
Keywords:Attitude, Knowledge, Oral health, Preschool.

Abstract:Ethical work climate forms an important part of the larger organizational climate. It sets out the policies, procedures and processes that lead to  moral and ethical outcomes. The ethical working climate forms the basis for employee attitudes and behaviors toward business ethics. Organizational citizenship behavior refers to discretionary, extra-role behavior that leads to organizational effectiveness. The aim of the study: Is to explore the relationship between nurses’ perception of ethical work climate and organizational citizenship behaviors. Design: A descriptive correlational design was used to conduct this study. Setting: This study was conducted at (Adult ICU, pediatric ICU and Hemodialysis department), Menofia University Hospital, Shebin El-Kom, Menofia Governorate. Subjects: The subjects of this study included:  All available nurses (A convenient sample)(159) nurses were recruited from Menofia University hospital. Tools of data collection: Two tools were used for data collection included: Ethical Work Climate Questionnaire and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire. Results: The study findings revealed that,  level of nurses’ perception of ethical work climate was moderate  (64.80%), level of nurses’ perception of organizational citizenship behavior was moderate level (72.56%). Finally, there was a very highly statistical significant positive correlation between nurses’ perception of ethical work climate and organizational citizenship behavior at (p-value= 0.001). Conclusion: The study concluded that, there is a very highly positive statistical significant correlation between nurses’ perception of ethical work climate and organizational citizenship behavior. Recommendations: Based on the study findings, Provide nurses opportunities to participate in ethical decision making and problem solving and promote positive team work and enhance feeling of responsibility. Build autonomy for staff nurses through providing them more authorities, responsibilities and permit nurses to play a key role in their settings. Replication of the study on large sample size and different settings.
Keywords:Decision Making, Effectiveness, Ethics, Ethical Outcomes, Extra-role Behavior, Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Organizational Climate, Policies, Procedures, and Processes,  Attitudes and Behaviors.

Abstract:Breast engorgement is one of the most common minor discomforts confronting nursing women after delivery especially primipara. Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of cabbage leaves plus breast expression on the relief of breast engorgement among women with cesarean section. Setting: The study was conducted in the postnatal ward at Menoufia University Hospital and Shebin El-kom Teaching Hospital. Design: A quasi-experimental study design was used. Sample: A convenient sample included 60 primiparous women were selected after fulfilling the including criteria of the sample. They were divided into two groups, study group was applied cold cabbage compresses between breastfeeding and breast expression after breastfeeding, and control group was used routine hospital care. Instruments: There were three instruments of data collection compromised I:  A structured interviewing questionnaire, II: Breast engorgement assessment checklist, III: Follow-up checklist to assess the effectiveness of the cabbage leaves compared to routine hospital care. Results: There was a highly statistically significant effect after using cabbage leaves with breast expression on the reduction of breast engorgement more than those who use routine care. Conclusion:  Application of the cold cabbage plus breast expression was more effective than routine hospital care on the reduction of breast engorgement. Recommendation: Encouraging the use of non-pharmacological measures as cabbage leaves with breast expression as it was safe and less expensive those who have breast engorgement.
Keywords:Breast engorgement, Cabbage leaves, Breast milk expression, Postnatal mothers.

Abstract:Reward is an essential strategy used by teachers in order to prompt students' motivation in the teaching process and to increase its effectiveness and efficiency. Aim: The study aimed to assess the relationship between management reward system of teachers and factors affecting student’s performance. Design: A descriptive, correlation design was utilized in carrying out this study. Setting: The study was conducted at Al Moutmdia technical institute of nursing. Subject: A purposive sample composed of two groups of subjects, namely teachers group (25) and nursing students group (206). Tools:  self-administrated questionnaire sheets to assess demographic characteristics of the teachers and nurses' students, work satisfaction and motivation questionnaire and factors affecting student performance questionnaire. Results: (48%) of teachers uncertainly satisfied toward management reward system, 28% of them unsatisfied, while the lowest percentage (24%) satisfied toward management reward system in the work and (41.7%) of students highly affected with teaches management reward system, (37.9%) of them moderate affected with teaches management reward system, while the lowest percentage (20.4%) of them low affected with teaches management reward system. Conclusion: There was a positive statistically significant correlation between total management reward system of teacher's and factors affecting students’ performance.Recommendation: Provide support and care to the teachers regarding their profession; by doing this, teachers may find the profession well motivating and most rewarding and focused on factors influencing teachers’ motivation and their job performance in nursing schools.
Keywords:Efficiency, Motivation, Performance, Reward, Satisfaction, Strategy, Student, System and Teachers.

Abstract:This study aimed to assess perception of the mother preparedness for self-care during postpartum period. Design: A descriptive exploratory research design was utilized. Setting: The study was carried out at the postpartum inpatient ward and the postnatal room in the labor and delivery department, Mansoura University Hospitals, Egypt. Subjects: A purposive sample of 142 mothers given birth to term infant via spontaneous vaginal delivery or cesarean section and free from Obstetric and medical disorders was participated in this study.Tools: Two tools were used for data collection, Structured Interview Questionnaire and mother's preparedness for self-care checklist. Results: 35.9% of the mothers were not prepared at all for proper eating, 70.4% were not prepared at all for importance of postpartum exercise and 43.7% were not prepared at all for proper timing of resuming sexuality and 28.9% were slightly prepared for postpartum psychological changes and care. In conclusion: It was evident that on hospital discharge, the mothers were not adequately prepared for self-care. Recommendations: Counseling office should be available within antenatal and postnatal care outpatient clinics to grants women with information about self-care, also, develop and implement mother’s classes during antenatal period about postpartum learning needs.
Keywords:Mother's preparedness, Postpartum period, Self-care.

Abstract:Disasters have a potential of producing mass casualties thereby, straining the health care systems, which need to be prepared for an unusual increase in workload.  Aim: to determine the effect of nurses’ disaster management training on their knowledge and attitudes, in critical care units at Alexandria Main University Hospital.Methods: a quasi-experimental, interventional research design was utilized. Setting: The study was conducted at Alexandria Main University Hospital; in all critical care units (N=4), namely: First, Second Third and Fourth Units. Subjects: All nurses were included (N = 66). Tools:The data was collected through self-administered questionnaire encompassing two tools: Tool (I): Disaster Management Knowledge Questionnaire. Tool (II): Disaster Management Attitudes Questionnaire. Ademographic characteristics questionnaire was developed.Results: Statistically significant differences were found immediately after and after three months from attending the training program regarding total nurses’ knowledge and its three domains of disaster management. Moreover,significant improvements were found for total nurses’ attitudes regarding disaster management at immediately after and after three months from attending the training program.  Conclusion: nurses’ disaster management training had highly statistically significant differences on their knowledge and attitudes, between before, immediately after and after three months from training, in critical care units at Alexandria Main University Hospital.  Recommendations: implementing training programs for all health care providers to extend their awareness about disaster management. Also, conducting nursing research in disaster in order to provide information to make evidenced-based decisions regarding disaster management practice and education.
Keywords:Nurses, disaster management, training, knowledge, attitudes.

Abstract:Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a serious cardiovascular disorder affecting middle-aged individuals. It is a major cause of death among adults over the age of 35 years. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of protocol of care on knowledge and lipid profile of employees at risk for coronary artery disease, a quasi-experimental research design was utilized. Subjects: A Convenient sample of 100 employees who had at moderate to high risk of coronary artery disease selected randomly from four faculties of the Port Said University. Three tools were used for data collection; Employees' interviewing, knowledge assessment questionnaire, and cardiovascular risk assessment scale. Results revealed that knowledge scores had significantly increased and lipid profile had significantly decreased after implementation of the protocol of care. There were significant statistical differences in mean scores of modifiable risk factors of the studied subjects after implementing the protocol of care Collusion : The protocol of care had positive effect on total knowledge scores, lipid profile and cardiovascular risk of employees' at risk of cardiovascular disease. Recommendations: Replication of the study in different settings of the community in order to identify people at risk of coronary artery diseases and reduce the incidence.
Title:Effect of Protocol of Care on Knowledge and Lipid Profile of Employees at Risk for Coronary artery Disease
Author:Amal Bakr Abo El Ata; Bahia Galal Abd Elrazik Hassan; Fatma Elemam Hafez , Hanan Hassan El-Ezaby
ISSN 2394-7330
International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing
Novelty Journals

Abstract:Esophageal varices (EV) is a potentially life-threatening complication of liver cirrhosis. Objectives: The current study aims to assesssatisfaction of patients with esophagealvarices regarding Quality of nursing care and associated factors. Design: A descriptive exploratory research design was used in this study. Setting: this study was conducted at Hematemesis Unit of Emergency Hospital in Mansoura University. Sample: a purposive sample of 48patients was included. Instruments: two tools were used for data collection, including a structured interview to assess the socio-demographic characteristics and medical history of patients with esophageal varices.  The second tool was patient satisfaction with quality of nursing care scale. Results: the study results revealed that subscale of patients satisfaction with quality of nursing care  that include communication and continuity of care, nurses skills and competencies and discharge instructions  revealed that 43.8% of patients were satisfied with quality of nursing care while 56.2% were unsatisfied. Additionally, the study results found a significant association between esophagealvarices patients satisfaction with quality of nursing care and their marital status, age and associated diseases other esophagealvareices with P-Value of (0.053, 0.013 and 0.003) respectively.Conclusion: the current study concluded thatnearest half of patients were satisfied with quality of technical nursing careand more than half of studied patients have the first attack of oesophageal avarices and suffering from hepatitis C, slightly more than one third suffering from diabetes/hypertension and minority of them suffered from cardiovascular diseases.Recommendations: based on the current findings, activate implementation of esophageal varices manual guidelines recommended in the hospitals for both patients and nurses in a simple suitable language. Further study about the impact of implementing designed educational Program on oesophageal avarices patients' awareness and coping strategies in hospitals for increased patient's satisfaction rate.

Abstract:Nursesin particular are often exposed to various infections during the course of carrying out their nursing activities.
Purpose of study:  To identify the effect of a training program regarding knowledge universal precaution measures for infection control on maternity nurses.Design: - Quasi experimental design. Sample : Randomsample OF 100 nurses.Setting: The study was conducted at obstetric & gynecological departments of  Menoufia University hospital and Shebin El-kom Teaching hospital. The instruments: Instrument was used throughout the program of study (I) interviewing questionnaire. (II) Assessment of knowledge toward infection control and its measures. Results: Data showed highly significant difference in nurse's knowledge of universal precaution of infection control in pre intervention and after intervention. The majority of nurse's showed improvement of their knowledge regarding universal precaution of infection program. Conclusion: The use of educational program is effective in improving maternity nurses’ knowledge toward universal precaution of infection control. Recommendations Routine training for all HealthCare Workers is essential to infuse the knowledge of standard precaution and reinforce same in all health workers.
Keywords:Infection Control- Universal Precautions– Nurses Knowledge.

Abstract:is a condition in which the inner lining of the uterus (the endometrium) breaks through the muscle wall of the uterus (the myometrium). Aim of the study: to evaluate the effect of life style modification on women with adenomyosis related pain. Design: quasi experimental time series research design was used to conduct the study setting: outpatient clinics of Ain Shams Maternity and Gynecological Hospital. Ain shams university Sample: A purposive sample of 87 women diagnosed with adenomyosis was selected the previous setting tools of data collection: The data collection was Socio demographic & Knowledge Assessment Sheet and Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Results: a statistically significant differences between pre and post education p<0.00.There were statistically significant difference between mean total knowledge score at pre and post p< 0.001.There was only a statistically positive correlation between pre- education type of diet with symptoms of adenomyosis (r=0.270, P=0.011). While no correlation between three moths post education exercise and symptoms of adenomyosis. Conclusion: the effect of changing lifestyle particularly dietary for women with adenomyosis have shown beneficial improvement of knowledge and reduction adenomyosis related pain. Recommendation: The study recommended that adoption of healthy lifestyle is important and beneficial for women with adenomyosis. A simplified and comprehensive booklet should be available for all women with adenomyosis, this booklet should include a clear, brief and simple explanation about non pharmacological modalities to reduce adenomyosis related pain.
Keywords:lifestyle changes, adenomyosis, pain.