Abstract:Pulse oximetry is a frequently used, noninvasive monitoring tool for assessing arterial blood oxygenation. Physicians, registered nurses, and respiratory therapists are responsible for the accurate interpretation of pulse oximetry data as part of the evaluation and management of acutely and critically ill patients. Aim of the study: (1) to evaluate the extent of current critical care nurses' knowledge about pulse oximetry and (2) to evaluate the effect of nursing educational guidelines about pulse oximetry on critical care nurses' knowledge.Research Design: Aquasi-experimental design was used in this study, one group pre/post – test.   Research hypothesis: The total mean posttest knowledge scores of nurses who will be exposed to educational guidelines about pulse oximetry will be significantly higher than their pre mean knowledge scores.Setting: one of the intensive care units affiliated to university hospital in Cairo. Tools of data collection: 1) critical care nurses' personal characteristics data sheet, 2) Pre/post knowledge questionnaire sheet of 19 true-false questions based on the research-based practice protocol of the American Association of Critical Care Nurses was developed to evaluate nurses' knowledge about pulse oximetry. Sample a purposive sample of 30 critical care nurses was invited to complete the test before and 10 days after educational guidelines submission to improve critical care nurses’ knowledge about pulse oximetry. The educational guidelines included principles of pulse oximetry functioning and conditions that can affect reliability of monitoring results. Results: total of 30 critical care nursing staff members completed the pre/post test given before and after the educational guidelines submission. The total mean pre knowledge scores was 8.6 + 2.3.This mean knowledge score increased significantly after submission of the  educational guidelines from  8.6 + 2.3    to 16.6 ± 1.65   with  t test 55.2 at p= 0.000 ). Conclusion: This educational guidelines improved critical care nurses’ knowledge about pulse oximetry monitoring. Recommendations: To ensure quality patient care and safety, we recommend the implementation of focused formal short training programs to educate all health staff members regarding the principles behind, and correct clinical application of pulse oximetry, with periodic knowledge assessments. Also, this study is suggested to be duplicated in other settings, through the enrolment of larger samples. Moreover, future research is recommended to focus on the evaluation of continuing education programmes about pulse oximetry, in terms of improving both knowledge and competency about its use in clinical practice.
Keywords:Pulse oximetry, noninvasive monitoring tool, Nurses Knowledge and Educational Guidelines.

Abstract:Low back pain (LBP) is a common problem among healthcare workers with both health and socioeconomic impact, as Disability, Absenteeism from work due to illness. Back school program are good active therapy options that include both exercises and education for the treatment of low back pain Aim of the study: to evaluate the effect of implementing back school program on the severity of lower back pain among nurses.Research design: A quasi-experimental design was utilized.  Setting: The study was conducted at Cairo University Hospital inICU unit. Methods: A purposive sample of 60 nurses from both genders. Tools: (I): Self-Administer Interview Questioner, (II):knowledge assessment tool, (III): observational chick list sheet.Results: This study revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between pre, post 1 and post 3 months regarding to severity of low back pain scale with p-value (<0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion, the application of a back-school program intervention for LBP is effective in improving the severity of low back pain among nurses, in addition to improving their related knowledge and practice. Recommendation: The study should be replicated on large sample and different hospitals setting in order to generalize the results andGuidelines for preventing low back pain.
Keywords:back school program, lowerback pain.

Abstract:Hepatitis C virus is currently the most common reason of chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Sovaldi combination therapy is one of the novel direct-acting antiviral drugs that intention different steps of the hepatitis C virus lifecycle, and an additional medication used to treat hepatitis C. The aim: Evaluate the effect of education program on life style of patients with hepatitis C viruses receiving Sovaldi combination therapy. Sample: Simple random samples composed of 58patients were included in this study. Method: Quasi experimental study was used. Tools: I. Interviewing Questionnaire: to assess demographic characteristics of the studied patients and patient's knowledge regarding hepatitis C viruses, life style and Sovaldi combination therapy. Patient's reported practices regarding life style, healthy nutrition during treatment, personal hygiene and medication administration. II. Patient's attitudes regarding Sovaldi combination therapy Conclusion: Application of the guiding program has a positive effect on patient's knowledge, life style and attitude regarding Sovaldi combination therapy. Recommendations: This study recommended that, provide safety precaution guides before start Sovaldi combination therapy through health education and Arabic brochures at outpatient clinics and hepatic centers to provide healthy life style measures regarding nutrition, physical activity, personal hygiene, drug administration.
Keywords:  hepatitis C virus, life style, Sovaldi Combination Therapy.

Abstract:Person-organizational fit has a positive reflection on employees and institution. So, health care organizations are confronting significant challenges as they make efforts to improve employees' work engagement levels. Aim: this study aimed at investigating the relationship between person-organizational fit and work engagement among head nurses. Research design: a descriptive correlational study design was used. Setting: The study was conducted in Ain-Shams University Hospitals. Subjects: 98 head nurses were participated in the study.Tools of data collection: Person-organization fit questionnaire and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale were used to collect data for this study. Results: Less than three quarters of head nurses had moderate person-organizational fit level. Meanwhile, less than two thirds of head nurses had moderate work engagement level.Conclusion-There was strong positive correlation among person-organizational fit and work engagement among head nurses at Ain Shams University hospitals. Recommendations: Health care organizations have to ensure person organizational fit and map out strategies to create a supportive work environment. Head nurses have to participate in different hospital committees and providing opportunities for continuing education and promotion.
Keywords:head nurses, Person-organization fit, work engagement.

Abstract:In nurseries; children and their caregivers spend about 30 % of considerable time together. Children in these setting are at a greater risk of injury and accidents due to the higher level of involvement in sports and physical activities so, they need emergency first aid.Aim: Evaluate the effect of first aid training program for children caregivers in nurseries. Design: A quasi experimental design was used. Setting: This study was carried out in 19 privet nurseries at Ain Helwan area, Cairo Governorate, Egypt. Sample: A convenient sample was used. Sample size: 110 children caregivers (teachers, baby sitters, and workers). Tools: two tools were used (1) An interview questionnaire sheet included children caregivers’ demographic characteristics, and their knowledge about first aid. (2) An observational checklist for assessing the children caregivers' practices.Results: The current study revealed that there was a statistically significant improvement in all items score as well as the total score of knowledge and practices after training program. There was a statistically significant positive association between knowledge and practice.Conclusions: The application of training program improved children caregivers' knowledge and practices related to first aid measures.Recommendations: Use of innovative methods of health education in teaching first aid for other sectors in whole society institution of community to promote children’s health.
Keywords:Children Caregivers, First Aid, Preschool, Training Program.

Abstract:the risk of pregnancy for women with heart diseases ranges widely. For some women, their risk is no different from that of the general population while for others it carries a great risk of death for the woman and/or the offspring. For these women, birth control is more than just a method to appropriately space births; it may prevent a life-threatening pregnancy. Aim: to evaluate the usage of contraceptive methods among Egyptian cardiac patients. Design: a descriptive exploratory research design was utilized. Sample: a convenient sample of 30 pregnant cardiac patients in high risk pregnancy unit at Cairo university maternity hospital was recruited and interviewed using maternal interviewing questionnaire. Results: results revealed that 86.6% of women had RHD, 66.7% underwent cardiac surgeries; mostly valvular replacement, 66.7% of them on anticoagulants. Pregnancy was not recommended by cardiologist in 43.3% of women and not planned in 70% of them. As regards use of contraception; Copper IUD used by 60% followed by progestin only contraceptive pills (mini-pill) 23.3%; the women didn't receive any counseling for the prescribed method and didn't followed up or monitored for the problems associated with its use. Complications associated the contraception use included; vaginal bleeding (36.7%), pregnancy (30%), over weight (16.7%) and vaginal infection (10%). Conclusion: The lack of effective family planning counselling lead to increased incidence of complications and unplanned pregnancies.  Recommendations: Detailed assessment, collaboration between interdisciplinary team of cardiology and obstetrics, training of nurses on appropriate methods for different medical disorders including heart disease and including the contraception teaching in postpartum care are all recommended for proper selection of contraceptive method and prevent undesirable complications.
Keywords:Usage, Contraceptive, Methods, Cardiac, Women. 

Abstract:Obstetrical emergencies are life-threatening conditions where occurred during pregnancy, labor or postnatal period. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of implementingimmediate intervention protocol for improving maternity nurse's performance concerning obstetric emergencies. Design: A quasi-experimental design was used. Setting: The study was conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department and Obstetric emergency unit in Helwan General Hospital. Sample: A convenient sample of 60 nurses working at the previously mentioned settings was recruited for the study. Two tools were used for data collection; I) A structure of interviewing questionnaire, involved socio demographic characteristics of the study nurses and assessment of nurses’ knowledge concerning obstetric emergencies. II) Observational checklist for evaluating nursing intervention of obstetric emergencies. Results the obtained data showed that, the majority of nurses had inadequate knowledge before intervention of the protocol. However, slightly more than three quarters of them had adequate knowledge after intervention. As well, more than three quarters of them had unsatisfactory practices toward obstetric emergencies before intervention of the protocol. Meanwhile, after intervention the majority of them had satisfactory practices. Additionally, time-consuming from admission to the unit till immediate nursing intervention during obstetric emergencies There was a highly statistically significant difference before/after implementing immediate intervention protocol concerning obstetric emergencies (P ≤ 0.000). Conclusion: Nurses’ intervention protocol had a positive effect on nurses’ knowledge and practices concerning obstetric emergencies.  Recommendation: Pre-service and in-service training programs should be establish, standards of care, continuous refreshment courses and follow up for nurses knowledge and practices concerning obstetrical emergency nursing care.
Keywords:Obstetric emergencies, Nurse's performance, Nursing intervention, Maternity nurses.

Abstract:Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common largely preventable condition. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality reports that, DVT prophylaxis is among the top-10 strongly suggested practices for improving patient safety. Aim of the study: was to evaluate the nursing- led patient training effect on post-operative patient's knowledge and practices against deep venous thrombosis.  Design: Quasi-experimental research design was used to achieve the aim of the study. Setting: The study was carried out at General Surgical Department of Menoufia University Hospital - Menoufia University - Egypt .Subjects: A convenient sample of 125 patient whom comprising all patients admitted to the department during first six months of 2018 and met the inclusion criteria. Three Tools were used for data collection; DVT an interviewing questionnaire ,patient’s DVT knowledge questionnaire and patients’ self-care practices regarding DVT questionnaire. Results: The mean age of studied sample was 45.60 ± 4.29 in study group versus 48.40 ±4.29 in control group with no statistically significant differences between both groups. The mean total knowledge score was 7.3± 2.7 in study group versus 3.71 ± 1.72 in control group in the second postoperative day with statistically significant differences between both groups. The mean total practice score was16 ± 1.7 in study group versus 11 ±2.47 in control group with high statistically significant differences between both groups.  Conclusion: The study concluded that patients’ knowledge levels about DVT increased to a statistically significant level with the nursing training. In addition, performance of DVT protective practices increased significantly in those who received Nursing led patient training. Recommendations: all Development of new trainings to be provided to patients about DVT augmented with different educational materials as video, models, web pages, smart phone applications, brochures with visual aids.
Keywords:Nursing- Led, Training& Deep venous thrombosis.

Abstract: Patients who have had major orthopedic trauma of the lower extremities are among those at highest risk for DVT which can result in a fatal pulmonary embo¬lism (PE). Thus, anticoagulants are agents that prevent the formation of blood clots, by affecting blood coagulation factors. Objective: To determine effect of a nursing training program about anticoagulant therapy on nurses knowledge and practices at orthopedic surgical units. Setting: The study was conducted at all orthopedic surgical departments at El-Hadara Orthopedic and Traumatology Hospital, Alexandria University. Subjects: 50 nurses were involved in direct patient care and responsible for administering patient's medications. Tools: Two tools were used to elicit the necessary data; orthopedic nurses' knowledge about anticoagulants structured interview schedule and orthopedic nurses' practices administering anticoagulants observational checklist. Results: It was found that the majority of the studied nurses had poor knowledge score before application of the nursing training program, while, after one and 3 months results showed marked improvement in their knowledge post application of nursing training program with significant difference throughout the study period (P =0.000).Also, It was found that all the studied nurses had poor practice score before application of nursing training program, while, after one and 3 months results showed marked improvement in their practice post application of nursing training program with significant difference throughout the study period (P =0.000). Conclusion: The provision of nursing training program about anticoagulant therapy showed improvement on the orthopedic nurses' knowledge and practice than before its application. Recommendations: Develop medication safety policies and procedures that enhance the ability of healthcare workers to use anticoagulants safely and use of standardized practices in the hospital setting
Keywords: Orthopedic surgery, nursing training program, anticoagulants therapy, nurses' knowledge and practice.

Abstract:Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most common complications during pregnancy and a major contributory factor to maternal morbidity and mortality. Aim & design: Quasi-experimental study design was conducted aiming to evaluate the effect of self-Instructional module on pregnant women suffering from iron deficiency anemia. Sample: A purposive sample of one hundred pregnant women suffering from iron deficiency anemia was included in the study. They were divided into two equal groups (study & control).Setting: The present study was conducted at the Antenatal Outpatient clinic at Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital. Tools: Data were collected using; structured interviewing questionnaire sheet, in addition to Supportive material (self-instructional module) was given to the study group. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between both study and control groups regarding total knowledge, practices scores and the total mean score of hemoglobin level pre-intervention. Meanwhile, a highly statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups post-intervention (P<0.001). Conclusion &recommendations: the study concluded that the Implementation of self-Instructional Module has a positive effect on enhancing knowledge and practices regarding iron deficiency anemia among pregnant women. Inaddition, there was an improvement in hemoglobin level among the study group. The study recommended: Applying the developed self-instructional module by all antenatal out-patients' clinics and in-patients' high-risk pregnancy unit, developing a counseling and health education program for pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia. Further research is needed to evaluate the effect of self-instructional module regarding anemia during pregnancy on maternal and fetal outcome.
Keywords:Iron deficiency anemia, self-instructional module, pregnant women. 

Abstract:Non-prescribed medication is currently common all over the world and the situation is terrible in developing countries. The aim of this study was to enhance mothers' awareness, attitude and practice about non-prescribed medications. Design: A quasi- experimental Pre & post research design was used. Setting: this study was conducted at 2 maternal and child health centers Quabli and bahary in Shibin El-kom district at Menoufia Governorate, Egypt. Sample: a convenience sample of 80 mothers have children from 1 to 5 years who attend maternal and child health center. Instruments: - A structured interviewing questionnaire included socio-demographic characteristic of studied sample, reasons for using non-prescribed medications for the children, mothers' awareness, practice, attitude about non-prescribed medications for the children. Result: - Total Pre-intervention mothers’ awareness about non-prescribed medication showed that 60% had poor awareness and 40% had good awareness while all of them 100% had a good awareness after intervention, total Pre-intervention mothers’ practices about non-prescribed medications showed that 57.5% had risky practice and 42.5%  had safe practice while 1.3% had risky practice and 98.7% had safe practice after intervention and total Pre-intervention mothers' attitude about non-prescribed medication showed that 92.5% had poor attitude and 7.5% had good attitude while 2.5% of them had poor attitude and 97.5% of them had good attitude after intervention about non-prescribed medication use. Conclusion: -Counseling intervention is an effective method to improve mothers' awareness, practice and attitude about non-prescribed medications. Recommendations: - Multi-educational program for the mother regarding non-prescribed medication through the well-distributed primary healthcare facilities.
Keywords:Non-prescribed medication- Awareness- Practice- Attitude- Counseling.

Abstract:Lupus is a chronic disease that requires an interdisciplinary treatment management approach to facilitate optimal outcomes. One key component believed critical to overall treatment management is the inclusion of educational programs to improve patient knowledge. It is unclear which educational programs are most effective in improving patient knowledge of lupus and, ultimately, long-term outcomes. The purpose of this review is to examine the current literatureDesign: the study followed a quasi-experimental design.Setting: the study was carried out in the Main University Hospital Alexandria University.Subjects: Convenience sample of two hundred patients who agreed to participate in the study. Interviews were conducted with patients who met the study criteria to fulfill the study’s tools. Tools: Two tools were used to collect the necessary dataTool I: socio-demographic and clinical data structured interview schedule Tool II: Patients' knowledge assessment schedule to obtain base line data about SLE patients’ knowledge.Tool III  Systemic lupus erythematosus-specific quality-of-life questionnaire (SLEQoL).Method: A total of 100 Systemic lupus erythematosus patients aged 20- 60 years or over, admitted at the  Main University Hospital and exposed to training by the researcher for period of three months pre and post assessment was performed for each patients using tool II  and III. Results: there was a statistical significant difference between patients' knowledge and quality of life before and after receiving training. Conclusion patients who were exposed to training show better improvement to their level of knowledge and health related quality of life.
Keywords:Assessment, Systemic, Lupus, Erythematosus, Quality of Life.

Abstract:There arevariations in learning styles and approaches among students could explain many differences in students’ acquisition of knowledge. Hence, Learning Approaches, Academic Achievement are significant factors that influences on students’ activities, effort and persistence, and it can help predict their motivation and self efficacy. Aim:The present study was aimed to assess learning styles, learning approaches, academic achievement factors and self-efficacy among nursing students. Methods: The study was conducted at the Faculty of Nursing at Benha University. The total sample 376 at fourth academic year 2018/2019. Design: Descriptive correlational design was utilized. Tools of data collection:  Five tools were employed in this study, Personal Data Questionnaire, Students’ Learning Styles Questionnaire, The Revised two-factor Study Process Questionnaire, Academic Achievement Factors Questionnaire and Student Self Efficacy Scale. Result:the major finding of this study that the highest academic achievement factor was Support by family and friends & Support for student’s learning in classroom. Also, the majority of nursing students reported that they prefer kinesthetic/ tactile learning style that followed by auditory preference and finally visual preference. And 80.3% of nursing students reported for deep learning approach and 65.4% of them reported for surface learning approach. And (79.2%) of nursing students had high level of self efficacy, while 15.9% of them had moderate level of self efficacy and only 4.9% of them had low level of self efficacy. Conclusion: There was a statistical significant positive correlation betweentotal level of nursing students` self efficacy and academic achievement factors, learning styles and learning approach. Recommendations: The Nursing curriculum should combine leaning activities that support nursing students in developing self-efficacy, which donated the nursing students an opportunity to think more positively and confidently about themselves and It is needed to ascertain the other factors to advance academic achievement and academic performance as affective commitment, motivation, and self-esteem.
Keywords:Academic achievement factors, learning approaches, learning styles, Nursing students, and Self efficacy.

Abstract:Nursing intervention of chemotherapy therapy induced nausea and vomiting as complementary care considered safe, noninvasive, and generally free from side effect. The aim of this study was to identify the effectiveness of nursing intervention on reducing chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting among breast cancer women.
Methods: Design: A quasi experimental pre-post-test design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of nursing intervention for chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting among breast cancer women.Subjects: A convenience sample of 150 women with breast cancer. women were selected from the out-patient clinics at Oncology Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt.Instruments: (1) Structured interview questionnaire schedule to assess socio demographic data, medical data , knowledge about the disease process and nursing intervention.Tool (2): Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy General Population. It compromised of four dimensions were assessed: physical wellbeing, social well-being, emotional well-being, and functional well-being pre and post nursing intervention.
Results: It was illustrated that, regarding the total physical wellbeing was (7.8%, 6.36% respectively), the total social wellbeing was (13.20%, 14.61% respectively), the total emotional wellbeing was (9.2% , 6.7% respectively) and, The total functional wellbeing was (6.45%, 9.9% respectively) post intervention among the studied group. There were statistically significant differences between the study groups pre and post nursing intervention regarding knowledge and practices among pre and post nursing intervention. where p- value  were ≤ 0.0001. 
Conclusions: the study concluded that application of nursing intervention proved to be effective in improving the four dimensions and knowledge regarding chemotherapy therapy induced nausea and vomiting among breast cancer women.
Recommendation: Application of nursing intervention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting as a complementary therapy should be carried out at different setting and different types of cancer.
Keywords:Nursing intervention, Chemotherapy therapy induced nausea - vomiting and Breast cancer.

Abstract:Today, children are growing up exposed to technology. It is known that the use of technological devices such as television, mobiles and computers become increasingly widespread. Preschool children’s use of such technological devices could be beneficial while the overuse of them constitute health risks for children.  So, it is important for the mothers to monitor the time, frequency, and content viewed while using technological devices by their children and to encourage activities that enhance children's overall physical and mental well-being. Aim:The aim of this study was to assess mothers' awareness regarding the use of technological devices by their preschool children. Tools: One tool was used to collect the necessary data, namely"Mothers'Awareness regarding the Use of technological devices by their preschool Children Structured Interview Schedule".Setting: The study was conducted at three sport clubs representing different social classes in Alexandria.Results: All children used mobiles and T.V while computer was used by less than half of children. The majority of children exceeded the allowed daily hours of using technological devices. Two thirds of mothers (67%) were not aware of using mobile or tablet among their children and 33% of mothers were partially aware of using them. Furthermore, 87% of mothers were not aware of using computer while, only 13% of them were partially aware of its use. More than half of mothers (58%) were not aware of using TV compared to 42% who were partially aware. Conclusion: This study showed lacking of mothers' awareness concerning the use of technological devices among their young children, where the majority of mothers (93%) were not aware compared to only 7% of them who were partially aware of using technological devices. Recommendation: Special workshops for mothers should be organized in Nurseries and day care centers to raise their awareness about recent guidelines that should be followed with young children in using technological devices as well as the risk associated with the overuse of such devices including physical, psychological behavioral and social negative effects.  Mass media should raise mothers awareness regarding the importance of joining their young children on other activates away from electronic screens such as reading, sports and real world social pursuits and emphasize the negative impact of excessive screen use.
Keywords:Technological devices, preschool children, negative effects, mothers awareness.

Abstract:Stroke is the most serious life threatening disease that affects individuals at any age but it's most common among the elderly. It affects the elderly physically, mentally and psychologically, so they require continuous care, especially from their family caregivers. Aim of the study: Was to evaluate the effect of an educational program on the elderly with stroke and their family caregivers based on transitional care model. Subjects and method: A quasi - experimental research design was utilized in this study. This study was conducted at neurological department and at neurological outpatient clinics at Tanta University hospitals. Study subject: A convenient sample of 50 elderly patients with stroke and 50 family caregivers were included in the study. Two tools were used in this study. Tool I: An interview schedule consisted of four parts. Tool II: Applied transitional care model consisted of six parts.Results: Total knowledge, mental status and quality of life, level of depression, activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living scores of the studied elderly patients were significantly improved post program intervention than the preprogram. Furthermore, the studied family caregivers also showed significant improvement in the total knowledge and practices scores immediately and three months post program intervention than the preprogram intervention.Conclusion and recommendations: the educational program was effective and improved the level of knowledge and practices of the stroke patients and their family caregivers. Therefore, educational programs should be planned and offered at regular basis to all stroke patients and their caregivers to improve their knowledge, practices and quality of life.
Keywords:Stroke - Elderly patients - Family caregivers - Transitional care model.

Abstract:Reproductive tract infections among women have become a widespread growing health issue worldwide as a main reason for women's morbidity during reproductive period. They carry a high social and economic burden in the community leading to serious health problems not only for the woman, but also for the infant. Aim of the study: to evaluate the effect of preventive program about reproductive tract infections on knowledge, beliefs and practices among rural women based on health belief model. Subjects and method: Study design: A quasi experimental research design was used. Setting: This study was carried out at El-Santa Health Center, Gharbeya governorate which affiliated to the Ministry of Health on 170 rural women selected by convenience sampling. Those women were divided equally into two groups (study group and control group). The preventive program was conducted for the study group only. Tools: Two tools were used. Tool 1: Structured interview schedule consisted of four parts. Part I: Socio- demographic characteristics of the women. Part II: Health history of the women. Part III: Knowledge of the studied women regarding RTIs. Part IV: Self- reported practices of the studied women regarding prevention of RTIs. Tool II: Beliefs of the studied women regarding RTIs based on health belief model (HBM). Results: Total knowledge, practice and belief scores significantly improved immediately and three months post-program than pre-program for the study group. Meanwhile, the control group showed no significant improvement. There was significant positive correlation between the total knowledge, practice and belief scores pre and three months post program for both groups. Conclusion: The preventive program based on health belief model (HBM) was effective and improved the studied rural women's knowledge, beliefs and practices regarding RTIs.Recommendations: Community health nurses working in rural areas need to design preventive health programs based on HBM for women in order to change negative and false beliefs about prevention of RTIs and emphasizing its benefits for the women, infants, family and community.
Keywords:Reproductive tract infections, Health belief model.

Abstract:schizophrenia is a major psychiatric disorder associated with profound social withdrawal, social and occupational impairments.  Antipsychotic medication is the first line of treatment in reducing positive symptoms but it is not effective with negative symptoms even with adherence to antipsychotic medication. 
The aim of the study: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a psychosocial intervention on negative symptoms of patients with schizophrenia in conjunction with antipsychotic drugs.
Population and Method:A quasi-experimental design was used, ninety three (n=93) patients with schizophrenia conducted at inpatient Psychiatric Department Mansoura University Hospital, Egypt. Data collection tools included a semi-structure interview questionnaire for personal data, Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS) and Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSE) were used to collect data.     
Results:The study revealed that negative symptoms, self-esteem, sleeping and eating patterns social interactions, personal hygiene were improved after implementation of psychosocial intervention in conjunction with antipsychotics drugs. There was a positive correlation between negative symptoms and social isolation, insomnia, personal hygiene and anxiety, while there was a negative correlation between negative symptoms and self-esteem.
Conclusion:Negative symptoms of patients with schizophrenia were improved after implementation of psychosocial intervention in conjunction with anti-psychotic drugs. 
Recommendation:The study recommends that use of psychosocial intervention to improve negative symptoms of schizophrenia, and it is necessary to integrate psychosocial intervention along with antipsychotic drugs.  Further researches are needed to investigate the long term outcome of psychosocial intervention on negative symptoms.
Keyword:Psychosocial intervention; negative symptoms; schizophrenia; antipsychotics drugs.     

Abstract:School aggression has become an increasing concern to public health professionals, clinicians, policy makers, educators, and the general public.
The aim of this studywas to assess the occurrence and risk factors of aggressive behavior among governmental primary school students.
Methods: Design: A descriptive comparative research design was utilized. Setting: This study was conducted at governmental primary schools , Menoufia Governorate, Egypt. Subjects: simple random sampling of 410 primary school students, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt.Instruments: (1) Structured interview questionnaire; it included  socio-demographic data , personal characteristics of the students, data related to student parents and family , data about risk factor of aggressive behavior and data about degrees of student's school performance.Tool (2): Aggressive behavior scale, it was developed by Aiash (2009) to assess Aggression toward self, Aggression toward others and Aggression toward schools.
Results: It was illustrated that, in urban schools most of students (97.6%) did not have aggressive behavior, and the least percentage (2.4%) had aggressive behavior. While, in rural schools all of students (100%) did not have aggressive behavior, also, it was found that risk factors for development of aggressive behavior among students in urban and rural schools were playing video games a lot, non - control during anger, crowdedness of the living area and living with one parent. 
Conclusions: the study concluded that there are many factors that cause aggression like personal characteristics, familial, social and educational. Each one had its impact on Student’ covert thinking and overt behaviours.
Recommendation: Professionally trained teachers are to be employed into primary schools. Also, Parents and teachers should work hand-in-hand in dealing with aggressive behavior of primary school children. Last, sporting activities should be emphasized in our primary schools to reduce the level of aggression in primary school children.
Keywords:Aggressive behavior- governmental primary schools students-risk factors.

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasingly becoming a major chronic disease affliction all over the worldand its prevalence in Egypt has increased quickly within a relatively short period from nearby 4.4 million in 2007 to 7.5 million in 2013. It has no known cure and is a chief cause of morbidity and mortality. Motivational interviewing (MI) may help to empower patients with diabetes to make changes in their lifestyle leading to better control of their diabetes.
TheMain Objective; of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of motivational interviewing on glycaemic control for patients with diabetes.
The Research Hypothesis; motivational interviewing has a positive effect on glycemic control for patients with diabetes.
The Study Subjectsconsisted of 93 patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus at the outpatient clinic at Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt.
The tools of data collectionwere: 1) Patient’s assessment and clinical data sheet, 2) Patient's knowledge assessment sheet, and 3) Diabetes readiness to change questionnaire.
The resultsexposed that there were statistically significant differences for patients under study in relation to the patient's level of knowledge, patient’s readiness to change and glycemic control throughout motivational interviewing implementation.
In conclusion; improvement was obvious in the level of knowledge, patients' readiness to change, and reduction of blood sugar of patients under study after attending the motivational interviewing intervention.  
Recommendation: nurses have an active role in eliciting behaviour change in high-risk lifestyle behaviours as diabetes mellitus.
Keywords:Diabetes Mellitus, Motivational Interviewing, Glycemic Control.

Abstract:Peer interaction readiness, students' self-esteem and their perception of learning environment are considered factors which affect on nursing students' readiness for guided reciprocal peer questioning learning.
The study aimed to:Identify factors influencing on fourth year nursing students' readiness for guided reciprocal peer questioning learning. Design: A descriptive design was utilized.
Setting: The study was conducted at Benha Faculty of Nursing.
Subjects: Consisted of 305 fourth year nursing students.
Four tools were used for data collection: Guided reciprocal peer questioning readiness questionnaire, peer interaction readiness questionnaire, Rosenberg self-esteem scale and perception of learning environment questionnaire.
Resultsand Conclusion: Nearly half 47.5% of fourth year nursing students had high readiness for guided reciprocal peer questioning learning. The majority of fourth year nursing students had high peer interaction readiness. More than two third of fourth year nursing students had high level of self-esteem. More than three quarter of fourth year nursing students had moderate level perception of learning environment. There was a highly statistical significant correlation between fourth year nursing students' readiness for guided reciprocal peer questioning learning and their peer interaction readiness factor and their perception of learning environment factor.
The studyrecommended: Start applying guided reciprocal peer questioning learning approach in educational methods used by the faculty, focus on measuring students' qualitative learning outcomes rather than measuring only quantitative learning outcomes and train students on critical thinking, interpersonal skills, anxiety reduction and leadership skills.
Keywords:guided reciprocal peer questioning learning, nursing students' readiness.            

Abstract:self-efficacy is the belief that one has the ability to implement the behaviors needed to produce a desired effect.  Addiction is a major problem in Egypt, due to rapidly growing and changing patterns of substance use. The aim of the present study was to assess self efficacy of addicts at Menoufia University Hospital regarding relapse prevention. Design: A descriptive correlational research design was utilized. Setting and Sample: The study was conducted at addiction outpatient clinic at forensic Medicine Technical Toxicology Department (poisoning and addiction control unit) at Menoufia University Hospital, in Shebin El kom. Addicts were selected (122) to participate in the study. Tools: first tool: an interviewing questionnaire composed of two parts ;first part was designed to assess demographic and occupational characteristics of the addicts, and The second part was designed to assess pattern of substance abuse including: route & administration, age of starting abuse, duration and motives for abuse. Second tool: Self-efficacy Questionnaire: It was  included 16 questions. The main results: the current study showed that, The majority of the studied addicts (96.7%) were male. The highest percentages of the studied addicts were abused tramadol. There was statistical positive correlation between relapse and  total self efficacy of studied addicts. Conclusions: The highest percentages of the studied addicts were had poor self-efficacy. Recommendation: Effective implementation of relapse prevention program to increase addicts’ self-efficacy to live without drugs.
Keywords:Abuse, addicts, addiction, self-efficacy, prevention and relapse.

Abstract:The 20th century ended with the conviction that drug abuse was a global problem and thus global solutions were required.  Addiction is a major problem in Egypt, due to rapidly growing and changing patterns of substance use. Aim: This study was conducted to examine the effect of relapse prevention program on self efficacy of patients having addiction. Design: A quasi experimental study design was utilized. Setting: The study was conducted at addiction outpatient clinic at forensic Medicine Technical Toxicology Department (poisoning and addiction control unit) at Menoufia University Hospital. Sample A Purposive sample of 122 addicts who was divided into two groups (study group contained 63 and control group contained 59 patients). Tools: first tool: an interviewing questionnaire composed of two parts: part one was designed to assess demographic and occupational characteristics of the addicts, and part two was designed to assess pattern of substance abuse including: route & administration, age of starting abuse and motives for abuse. Second tool: Self-efficacy Questionnaire and toxic urine  assessment. Results: the main finding of this study illustrated that, There were statistical significance improvement between the study group than the control group of self-efficacy at the post intervention. The highest percentages of addicts were found among age group between 20-40 years (75.4%) and The majority of the studied addicts (96.7%) were male. The highest percentages of the studied addicts were abused tramadol. Conclusions: It could be concluded that relapse prevention program was effective in preventing recurrence of addition among  addicts in the study group than control group  Recommendation: promoting addicts’ self-efficacy skills in order to cope with high-risk situa­tions is recommended and regular follow up with family, peer and social support are essential along with vocational rehabilitation to prevent relapse.
Keywords:Abuse, addicts, addiction, self-efficacy, prevention and relapse.

Abstract:Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is major public health problem which is considered as one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children under-five years. In this respect, the role of the family especially mothers is vital in health promotion, disease prevention and care of children with ARI.
Aim: The aim of this study was to assess mothers’ knowledge and practices regarding management of their children with ARI.
Research Design: A descriptive design was used.
Setting: The study was carried out in inpatient department and outpatient clinics of El-Raml Children's Hospital at Winget in Alexandria.
Subjects: A convenience sampling of 200 mothers having under-five years children suffering from ARI.
Tools: one tool was used to collect data, namely; Mothers' knowledge and practices regarding management of their children with acute respiratory infection structured interview schedule.
Results: The main study findings showed that total percent score of knowledge regarding ARI was fair among 79.0% of mothers. Furthermore, total percent score of practices was satisfactory among 58.5% of them, while 32.0% got unsatisfactory score. There was significant positive correlation between mothers' total score of knowledge and their total score of practices where p=0.000.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that most of studied mothers got fair score of knowledge, as well as satisfactory score of practices regarding management of their children with ARI.
Recommendations: The main recommendation of the current study was conducting continuous and comprehensive health educational programs for mothers in inpatient departments and outpatient clinics about causes, manifestations, complications, preventive measures and care of their children with ARI.
Keywords:Acute respiratory infection; Under-five children; Knowledge; Practice.

Abstract:A debate is a discussion or structured contest about an issue or a resolution. Students who participate in debates have an opportunity to explore, listen, and enjoy learning. Debates give students additional opportunities to hear their classmates' views and to express opinions regarding topics that matter to them. They also help students make important decisions and become critical listeners. The informal debate helps students to work together to understand common problems. This study aimed to explore the effect of lecture hall debates as a teaching strategy on shaping nursing students' critical thinking skills. Research design: A quasi-experimental design was utilized to conduct to this study. Setting: The study was carried out in two different settings;  in Medical Surgical department, 2^nd grade and Pediatric department, 3^rd grade affiliated to faculty of Nursing at Ain Shams University. Tools:  (1) An interview questionnaire to determine students' knowledge regarding internet as a searching tool, and lecture hall debates,(2) An observation checklist to assess and guide the performance of the students' process of reading academic texts, researches journals, (3) An observation checklist for measuring student critically thinking in writing, (4) Critical thinking checklist for study success, (5) Tool internet of students critical thinking skills checklist, (6) Observation checklist for lecture hall debate and (7)Assessment of student’s readiness to learn.
Results:There was highly statistically difference as regards students' knowledge and practice regarding class room debate and critical thinking pre and post application of program p (˂0.05). Conclusion: there was significance improvement as regards students' knowledge and practice after application of the program regarding all items of critical thinking, performance of the students' process of critical reading and writing, effect of internet as a tool for searching and students' knowledge regarding class room debate. Recommendations: Prepare the students as active and creative citizens through developing the critical thinking skills during academic education.
Keywords:Critical thinking, Debate, Teaching strategy.

Abstract:Kidney stones are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside the kidneys, the most common symptoms for kidney stone are pain in the back or groin, painful urination, blood in urine and nausea and vomiting, Complications of kidney stone are urinary obstruction, urinary tract infection, and kidney failure. The prevalence of kidney stone disease is expected to increase   as   the population ages. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of educational guidelines on Patient`s knowledge and quality of life of patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Subjects and Methods: A quasi-experimental design study wasused. Setting: The study was conducted at New Emergency Hospital (El Demerdash Hospital) inpatient urological Ward and outpatients clinicSample: A purposive sample of fifty (50) patients was recruited from the previously mentioned setting.Tools of data collection: (1) Renal stone patient`s Interview questionnaire (2) Wisconsin stone quality of life questionnaire, (3) Patient assessment sheet The previously mentioned tools were used  to  evaluate the effect  of educational guidelines pre, post 1 month and  follow up after  three  months of  its implementation. Results:the results of this study revealed that there were significant improvement in patient`s knowledge and quality of life of patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy, also patient`s symptoms and clinical data are improved. Conclusions: educational  guidelines waseffective method in improving patients` knowledge and quality of life of patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy.  Recommendations: It was recommended to replicate the current study on a larger probability sample to achieve generalization and periodic education about renal stone disease should be performed for patient with kidney stone.
Keywords:educational guideline, quality of life, percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Abstract:The first line nurse managers (FLNMs) facing multidimensional roles in clinical and management skills. The urgency of adequate first-line nurse manager competencies in changing and improving care is evident. Aim: This study aims to development of Core Competency Standards for First-Line Nurse Managers in ICUs at Mansoura University Hospitals. Research design: a methodological design was applied. Method: the study sample composed of two groups: an expert jury group, and (FLNMs) group. Data were collected by using two tools: an opinionnaire sheet to test face and content validity by jury, and the questionnaire of (FLNMs) core competency standards. Results: the study findings revealed that the proposed standards had been agreed upon their content material and face validity through majority of jury experts, and there is statistically significant correlation between importance and application extent of proposed core competency standards according to opinion of the studied (FLNMs) at (ICUs) on the total core competency standards, process & outcome. Recommendations: using the core competency standards and criteria developed for first-line nurse managers as strategies for the selection, preparation, and development of hospital-based nurse managers.
Keywords:Core competency, Development, First Line Nurse Manager, Standards.

Abstract:Clinical Pathways (CP), are one of the main tools used to manage the quality in healthcare concerning the standardization of care processes. It is proven that their implementation reduces the variability in clinical practice and improves outcomes. Aim of the study: This study aimed to assess the effect of clinical pathway application on outcome of children having diarrheal diseases.Research Design: A quasi experimental designed was utilized in this study. Research settings: This study was conducted at Pediatric Department affiliated to Beni Suef University Hospital and General Beni Suef  Hospital. Research subjects: A purposive sample included (90) children admitted to the Pediatric Department who having diarrheal disease was selected from previous mentioned settings.Tools of data collection: Five tools were involved; A Pre-designed Questionnaire Sheet; Medical record; Patient assessment data sheet; Complication monitor sheet; A clinical pathway design to implement and evaluate the study group only.Results: The study revealed that there was a statistically significant differences between study and control group after the implementation of the clinical pathway for the study compared with routine hospital policy care for the control group manifested by less hospital stay, fewer complications and less readmission.Recommendation: It was recommended that application of clinical pathway for children having diarrheal disease was essential for reducing complications, less hospital stay and less readmission and it should be applied as a routine nursing care in the hospitals.
Keywords:Clinical Pathway, Children and Diarrhea Diseases.

Abstract:Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide; and its incidence is increasing in many countries. Breast Self- Examination (BSE) is a simple and easy way to detect any changes in the breast and helps in early detection of breast cancer. Purpose of the study: The purpose of the present study was to: evaluate the effect of a nursing intervention program on BSE compliance among visually impaired adolescent girls .Design: The study was conducted using quasi-experimental design to achieve the stated aim. Sample: A convenient sample of 14 adolescent girls was available. Setting: The study was conducted at Al Noor Institute for visually impaired students in Shebein El.kom City, Menoufia Governorate. Girl's knowledge regarding breast cancer, BSE and practice of BSE is inadequate before the BSE education program. Therefore; the targeted BSE education program was done for these adolescent blind girls to improve their early detection of breast cancer. Instruments: Instrument I: An Interviewing questionnaire, Instrument II consisted of 13 multiple choice questions about knowledge, Instrument III: A breast self-examination checklist and Instrument IV: compliance of the girls' with breast self-examination. Data were conducted using Lierman Instrument. Compliance was measured in terms of frequency and accuracy (Lierman, 1988).  Results: There was a highly statistically significant difference in terms of  knowledge and practice regarding breast cancer and breast self-exam between pre-post- test and compliance after 6 months. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, it could be concluded that  all the study  participants had no knowledge about breast cancer and breast self-exam before the interventional program and also they did not know the procedure of performing breast self-exam. While after the interventional program, the study participants’ level of knowledge about breast cancer and breast self-exam was highly improved. Also they could perform breast self-exam. There for  the research hypotheses were supported. Recommendations According to the findings of the current study, the following recommendations are proposed:- The importance of conducting seminars about breast cancer prevention issues for girls in secondary schools and universities in their educational activities(extracurriculal activities) and breast cancer screening is recommended especially for girls with family history of breast cancr. Further Studies:- Educational program about the importance of BSE and its practices by the female students in schools, vision impairment schools and universities should be held to increase awareness about early detection methods of breast cancer as BSE and awareness illustration posters of BSE, leaflets or braille books for visually impaired students in their schools libraries.
Keywords:Breast Cancer, BSE, Visually impaired adolescent girls, Compliance.
Title:Breast Self-Examination Compliance among Visually Impaired Adolescent Girls: A Nursing Interventional Study
Author:Samah Ahmed Mohamed Sakr, Dalal KHalil Eshra, Inass Kassem Ali,Hanaa ElSayed Shahin
ISSN 2394-7330
International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing
Novelty Journals
 

Abstract:PBL is a teaching approach in which students investigate the problems rather than explained by the instructors. Many research studies have proven the positive effect of using PBL on students’ academic achievement.
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using PBL versus LBL approaches on students’ levels of knowledge, satisfaction and confidence in medical surgical course among nursing students.
Method and Materials: A crossover interventional true experimental design was used in the current study with a simple random sample of 20 students from level 5 at college of nursing, King Saud University participated in the study. Four lessons mainly DM, hypertension, asthma and appendicitis were chosen randomly from medical surgical nursing course.  Students randomly were divided into PBL and LBL and each group have the same inclusion criteria and same the specified lessons. Data of the current study were collected using three tools: Tool 1- the socio-demographic data. Tool 2- the knowledge evaluation questionnaire it was devolved by the researcher and the questions were developed based on previously random selected the four topics covering all aspects discussed in the case study. Tool 3- the satisfaction and self-confidence questionnaire developed by the National League for Nursing. (2005).
Result: students in the PBL group showed better level of knowledge, higher level of satisfaction and higher level of self-confidence than those in the LBL group. Although, students in the PBL group reported higher level of knowledge, but there were no statistical significance differences between the 2 groups.
Conclusion: The study concluded that PBL had a relatively new approach in nursing, but it was found to be effective and accepted by nursing students. This approach can improve students’ creative thinking and confidence in their learning experience which will intern have a positive effect on improve their clinical practice and career development.
Keywords:Problem-based learning, Nursing students, Lecture-based learning, level of knowledge, level of satisfaction, level of confidence.

Abstract:Lack of nurse-physician collaboration in any health organizations leads to serious consequences including the increase in the rate of medical errors which cause an unsuccessful patient safety culture. Otherwise, ineffective nurse-physician collaboration and poor patient safety culture will increase the cost of healthcare. Study Aim: To assess the relationship between the attitudes toward nurse-physician collaboration and safety culture. Study Objectives: • To identify the nurse-physician collaboration attitude. • To examine the nurse and physician safety attitude toward a safety culture. • To assess the relationship between the attitudes toward nurse-physician collaboration and safety culture. Methodology: The study is quantitative following descriptive correlation cross-sectional approach. Sample and Setting: Data were obtained through a self-report scale from a convenience by strata technique. Total sample size (n=270) nurses and physicians. From two general hospitals affiliated by MOH of Saudi Arabia in Jeddah city. Tools: Two valid and reliable tools were used the first tool is the Jefferson Scale of Attitudes Toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration (JSAPNC) and the second tool is Safety Attitude questionnaire (SAQ). Results: Total mean score of nurse-physician collaboration attitude was 3.11. While an overall mean score of patient safety culture was 2.76.  (P-value) > (0.01) of the correlation between the nurse-physician collaboration attitude and the patient safety culture. Conclusion: A moderate to a strong positive relationship between nurse-physicians collaboration attitude and patient safety culture. Recommendations: There are some suggestions based on a current study finding for nursing educational, healthcare organizations, nursing practice, and future nursing researches.
Keywords:healthcare professions, healthcare providers, interprofessional collaboration, Nurse, Nurse-physician attitude towered collaboration, Nurse-physician collaboration, patient outcome, safety attitude, patient safety, patient safety culture, physician, safety culture.

Abstract:Umbilical cord infection is one of the major causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Approximately one million neonates die annually worldwide due to an umbilical cord bacterial infection during the healing period. The study aimed to determine the effect of three selected antiseptic solutions on umbilical cord infection among neonates. Research design: A quasi-experimental research design. Setting: The study was conducted at postpartum department of the EL Shatby University Maternity Hospital in Alexandria, in addition to subjects’ homes. Subjects: A convenience sampling of 90 full-term neonates were recruited in the study. Neonates were allocated into three groups (Group I: received umbilical cord care by Alcohol, Group II: received umbilical cord care by Chlorhexidine, and Group III: received umbilical cord care by Triple dye) by using a simple random sample approach. Tools: Three tools were used. Tool I: Neonate’s characteristics and clinical data interview schedule. Tool II: Umbilical cord observational checklist. Tool III: Umbilical Cord Swab Results. Results: About one third of the neonates who received cord care either by Alcohol or by Triple day had positive growth of infection on 5^th day (33.3% and 36.7% respectively) compared to only 6.7% of neonates who received cord care with chlorhexidine. The time of cord separation occurred before 7th days among neonates was 6.7% for those who received cord care with chlorhexidine compared to none of those of alcohol and Triple dye groups. Recommendations: Provide health education and support for parents about neonates’ cord care practices during hospitalization and at their homes.
Keywords:Antiseptics, Cord care practices, Cord separation, Neonates, Umbilical Cord infection.

Abstract:End-stage renal disease is one of the devastating health problems in Egypt and hemodialysis represents the main mode for treatment. Hemodialysis alters patients' lifestyle and consequently their wellbeing. The aim of this study was to assess lifestyle and well-being of maintenance hemodialysis patients. Design: A descriptive research design was used. Setting: this study was conducted in the hemodialysis units of Menoufia University Hospital and Shebien El Kom Teaching Hospital-Menoufia Governorate- Egypt. Sample: A simple random sample of 115- maintenance hemodialysis patients was selected. Tools: I. A structured survey questionnaire: It was designed by the researchers after a thorough literature review and based on relevant studies to include: A). Subjects' socio-demographic data: Study subjects' age, sex...etc B). Medical history: It included number of dialysis years, accompanied diseases and drugs taken for those diseases. II. Lifestyle questionnaire: It was adapted to assess patents' lifestyle habits and comprised of 28 questions of main seven themes: physical activity, diet, occupation, stress, weight, fitness and future goals. III. Spiritual Well-Being Index: It was adopted to assess patients' perception about their spiritual well-being, which consisted of 12-item and divided into two subscales: (1) self-efficacy subscale and (2) life-scheme subscale; (6 items for each). The main results: less than half of maintenance hemodialysis patients were within the age group of (20-40) and started hemodialysis since six to ten years. Moreover, regarding patients' lifestyle approximately half of them; hadn't participated in any kind of physical activity during the last year, left their occupation because of dialysis, had not any hobbies, had moderate stress tolerance, considered themselves overweight and have good fitness while, three quarters of the studied patients drink the ideal/prescribed daily amount of water. Furthermore, less than half of the studied sample considered goals about exercises is quiet important and approximately three quarters of them recognized that practicing daily exercises is important for improving the overall health and more than one quarter considered it is important for improving mood and stress levels. In addition, regarding spirituality index of well-being total scores, more than one third compared to more than half of the studied patients respectively had Poor and good well-being. Conclusion: Overall, the current study concluded that maintenance hemodialysis affects negatively in patient's lifestyle and well-being. Recommendations: it is highly recommended to allow maintenance hemodialysis Patient's education about appropriate lifestyle strategies to help in promoting patient's comfort and enhancing their well-being and health care personnel have to pay much more attention for all aspects of those patients' life with including the holistic approach in care. 
Keywords:Maintenance hemodialysis - Lifestyle - Well-being.

Abstract:Intraoperative nurses are responsible for planning and putting in practice nursing interventions that minimize or make it possible to prevent complications deriving from the anesthetic-surgical procedure, with a view to the patient’s safety, comfort and individuality. The patient’s surgical positioning is an important procedure in intraoperative nursing care. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a nursing guidelines implementation on Patient`s Safety Regarding Surgical Positioning at Operating Room. Subjects and Methods: A quasi-experimental design study wasused. Setting: The study was conducted at New Emergency Hospital (El Demerdash Hospital) in different departments of operating rooms and its wards. Sample: A convenience sample of forty (40) nurses were recruited from the previously mentioned settingandA purposive sample of (80) adult patients from both sexes to assess the physical status for them pre and post phase. Tools of data collection: Surgical positioning nurse`s questionnaire, Surgical positioning observational checklists and Patient assessment sheet. Results:The patients’ safety among the group2 (post implementation of nursing guidelines) was improved. Also, there was a statistically significant difference regarding total nurses’ knowledge and practice pre- and post-nursing implementation guideline. Conclusions: Nursing guidelinewas effective in improving in nurses` knowledge and practice regarding surgical positioning at operating room post phase of  nursing guidelines and this is affected positively on  patient`s safety.  Recommendations: It was recommended to replicate of the current study on a larger probability sample to achieve generalization of the results and wider utilization of nursing guideline.

Abstract:Background: Literature has proven the effectiveness of tracheostomy as well as its outcomes of health-related quality of life. Quality of life is the standard of health, comfort, and happiness experienced by an individual or group, and as tracheostomy affects the health, it surly has negative impact on health-related quality of life of patients.  Aim of the study: To assess the quality of life of tracheostomized patient immediately (one week) and three months post procedure.
Methodology: A Prospective descriptive exploratory design, purposive sample of 80 patient with permanent tracheostomy ,the tool used in the present study is the modified version of quality of life scale .University of Washington, It is developed by Vinciya Pandian 2015 .The tool consisted of 2 parts demographic characteristics, Quality-of-Life Questionnaire for Mechanically Ventilated Patients Undergoing a Tracheostomy.
Results: showed that participants in this study reported poor quality of life in general immediately and slightly improved after 3 months of tracheostomy.
Conclusion: The present study provides evidence for experiencing a poor quality of life among patients who have a permanent tracheostomy immediately after tracheostomies and a noticeable improvement in the quality of life with time. Participants in the current study reported difficulties with most of the items related to quality of life and some levels of anxiety and poor sleep in the immediate period.  On the other hand, participants reported an improvement in their quality of life 3 months after having the tracheostomy.
Recommendation: Follow up studies with larger sample, random selection and multi-sites would contributed to generalization of the results and replication of the study with including qualitative methodology would help enrich information gained and provide a broader view of the phenomenon under investigation and Using longitudinal research design to explore quality of life over time (6 months and 1 year) after having tracheostomy would help identifying challenges that patients and caregivers might face throughout their life.  Such information will add to the nursing body of knowledge and assist improving nursing practice.
Keywords:Quality of life, permanent Tracheostomy, surgical tracheostomy, percutaneous tracheostomy, Tracheostomy care.

Abstract:Patients' rights considered essential components of human rights because they promote and afford beneficial relationships between health care providers and psychiatric patients. Therefore, centering on nurses' perception towards patients' rights lead to improving nurses' practice as well as patients' satisfaction that will lead to the expansion of good morals among health care providers and patients. Research aim: To identify nurses' perception toward patients' rights at psychiatric and mental health hospital. Setting: Psychiatric and mental health hospital in Jeddah. Design: A quantitative study "descriptive design". Sample: All staff nurses who working at the previously mentioned setting (n = 150). Tool: Data collection done through one tool, which includes two parts. Part I: socio-demographic characteristics and clinical experience which developed by the researcher (gender, age, marital status, level of education and nationality, years of experience in nursing and in psychiatric and mental health, department, position, and training courses attendance). Part II: structured questionnaire developed by David and Daniel (2002) to assess nurses' perceptions towards patients' rights in psychiatric and mental health hospital. It includes 30 items, which divided into six dimensions as the following: (receiving information on illness or treatment, confidentiality, forced treatment, physical restrictions, forced hospitalization and non-treatment). Result: The overall average of weighted mean for all dimensions of patients' rights were 2.2483 ± .15614 and there was a statistically significant difference at P-value = .001 between the total mean scores of nurses' perception towards patients' rights and their current position. Also, there was a statistically significant difference at P-value = .003 between the total mean scores of nurses' perception towards patients' rights and attending training courses.Conclusion and Recommendations: The result of the study concluded that the majority of the staff nurses have moderate perception toward patients' rights. So, this study recommended to enhanced nurses' perception toward patients' rights bygiving the required resources to support learning, encourage the staff to participate in conferences and training courses to promote their knowledge about patients' rights.
Keywords:psychiatric patients', psychiatric nurses, patients' rights, nurses' perception, legal issues.

Abstract: Aims and objectives. The aim of the current study was to assess the knowledge and limitations associated with the uptake of seasonal influenza vaccine among nursing students.
Background: Yearly influenza vaccination for nursing students helps to decrease morbidity and mortality rate among nurses and patients as well. The research studies revealed that vaccination rates among nurses and nursing students are usually low. 
Design: A descriptive, correlational, cross‐sectional design was used.
Methods: 241 undergraduate nursing students from King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for health science (KSAU-HS) Riyadh Saudi Arabia were included. One tool was developed by researchers and consisted of three sections was used to measure the key variables; the first section was related to sociodemographic data, the second section consisted of twelve items to assess nursing students’ knowledge While the third one consisted of nine items to assess the limitation associated with the uptake of seasonal influenza vaccine among nursing students.
Results: Regarding the knowledge, the total mean knowledge score was 6.48 +1.8out of 11. The results indicated that there was a significant positive relationship between years of studying and total mean knowledge score among nursing students.  As regards the limitation more than one third of participants answered that the side effect and safety concerns are hindering health care professional to get influenza vaccine.
Conclusions: The study concluded that the knowledge alone is not enough to increase influenza vaccine uptake rate, so the institution needs to establish workshops and educational sessions to modify the nursing student’s attitudes toward the positive side.
Keywords:Knowledge, Limitations, Seasonal Influenza Vaccine, Nursing Students.

Abstract:Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is sudden death of the health infants less than one years of age without any identified cause. Neonatal nurse have a vital role in prevention of SIDS. Aim of the study: this study aimed to investigate the effect of implementing safe sleep intervention program on prevention of SIDS. Methods: A quasi-experimental research using one group (pre-test & post-test measures) was conducted at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Mansoura University Children's Hospital affiliated to Mansoura University and from Maternal and child health center at Met- Badr Khamis, Mansoura, Egypt. The study was conducted on 155 mothers who had children less than one year of age.  Results: The result of our study revealed that, the majority of mothers had poor knowledge about recommendation for safe sleep practice and SIDS prevention, the majority of mothers sharing the same bed with their infant and had positive attitude about SIDS prevention. Conclusion and recommendation: The study concluded that, the safe sleep intervention program was effective in improving mothers knowledge, attitude and sleep practice for infant at home. The researchers recommended developing and implementing educational program for neonatal nurses about safe sleep practice. 
Keywords:Sudden infant death, prevention, safe sleep practice, educational program, mother, recommendation for SIDS prevention.

Abstract:Stress is an everlasting life issue encountered in everyday life.  Nursing as a demanding discipline is surrounded by many stressors that have a significant impact on individual nurses making them susceptible to various stress related illnesses. In addition, stressful events faced by nurses can impose greater effect on their provided quality of care. Nurses who are psychologically empowered have higher levels of satisfaction and commitment, and lower levels of job strain and burnout. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the degree of psychological empowerment of psychiatric nurses and their susceptibility to develop stress related illnesses. This study used a descriptive correlational design. Data were collected using the socio-demographic questionnaire, the Psychological Empowerment Scale, and The Holmes-Rahe life stress Inventory. Results revealed that psychiatric nurses had high level of psychological empowerment, 36.8% of them had moderate degree of susceptibility to stress related illness and 35.8% of them had high degree of susceptibility to stress related. Moreover, there was no statistically significant relationship between psychological empowerment and susceptibility to stress related illnesses. However, meaningful work subscale of the psychological empowerment was significantly related to female gender.  Thus, it can be concluded that psychiatric nurses were highly psychologically empowered regardless of their degree of susceptibility to stress related illnesses and female gender helps nurses to value their work as meaningful.
Keywords:Psychological Empowerment, Susceptibility to Stress Related Illnesses, Life stressors, Meaningful work, Competence, Autonomy, Impact. 
Title:Psychological Empowerment and Susceptibility to Stress Related Illnesses among Psychiatric Nurses in Alexandria, Egypt
Author:Mayar Ezzeldeen Elnakeeb, Reem Farag Mahrous Menessy, Mona Metwally Elsayed

Abstract:Exploring the relationship between frailty and malnutrition among nursing home residents, to provide evidence for interventions improving the frailty and malnutrition status of the residents in the nursing homes. 
Methods: A total of 192 residents aged at least 60 years were selected from nursing homes. The Frailty Phenotype (FP) was used to assess the frailty of the residents. The Mini Nutritional Assessment（MNA）was used to assess the malnutrition status of the elderly. Chi-square tests and multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze the association between nutritional and frailty status.  
Results: Frailty and pre-frailty were present in respectively 50.5% and 41.7% of the residents. Frailty was associated with malnutrition status, age, education level, marital status and chronic disease number (P<0.05).In the multinomial logistic regression, the risk of malnutrition were related to a significantly increased risk of frailty (OR = 9.037, 95% CI: 2.102-38.852, P = 0.003). 8 out of the eighteen MNA items and 3 out of foursubscales were significantly associated with frailty (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The prevalence of frailty in the nursing homes is high, which is urgent to pay attention to. These results underline the close association between frailty and nutritional status in elders among nursing homes, and the risk of malnutrition is an independent risk factor of pre-frailty and frailty.
Keywords:Frailty; pre-frailty; Malnutrition; risk of malnutrition; nursing homes; Older individuals.

Abstract: Pelvic floor muscles exercise during pregnancy can produce strong and well controlled muscles that facilitate labor progress. The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of structured pelvic floorexercise protocol during pregnancy on labor progress. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was utilized. Sample: A purposive sample of 74pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy. Setting: The study was carried out at Maternal and Child Health Centers (Quibli and Bahari), University and Teaching Hospital at Shebin El-Kom. Instruments:  An interviewing questionnaire, an antenatal follow up assessment tool, pelvic floor muscle exercise checklist and partograph. Results: There was a highly statistically significant difference and improvement in terms of better labor progress and short labor duration between the study and the control group. Conclusion: Pelvic floor exercise protocol during the third trimester of pregnancy is effective in the improvement of labor progress and short labor duration. Recommendations: Pelvic floor muscle exercise training should be incorporated as an essential part of routine antenatal care during the third trimesterof pregnancy.
Keywords: Pelvic floor muscle training exercise, 3rd trimester of pregnancy, Labor progress.

Abstract: Breast cancer is considered a global health problem of both developed and countries. Breast self-exam is considered the most important method for breast cancer early detection method at home.Purpose of the study: The purpose of the present study was to: investigate the effect of the application of an intervention based on health belief model on knowledge and compliance to breast self -examination among female students at risk for radiation exposure. Design: The researcher used the quasi-experimental design to achieve the stated purpose. Sample: A convenient sample of all female students (N =25) students was available. Setting: The study was conducted at Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences at Shebin El-kom city, Menoufia Governorate. The female students' knowledge regarding breast cancer, BSE and practice of BSE is inadequate before BSE education program. Therefore; targeted BSE education program was done for those female students to improve their early detection of breast cancer. Instruments: Instrument I: An interviewing questionnaire that consists of 38 questions of multiple choice type about the sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge, Instrument II Champion’s Health Belief Model Constructs Scale (CHBMS)Instrument III: A breast self-exam checklist and Instrument IV: compliance of the female students to breast self-exam. Data were conducted be using Lierman Instrument. Compliance was measured in terms of frequency and accuracy (Lierman, 1988). Results: There was a high statistical significant difference in terms of knowledge and practice regarding breast cancer and breast self-exam among pre-post- test and compliance after 6 months. Conclusion: The nursing interventional program was effective in the improvement of knowledge and compliance of the university female students about breast self-exam. Recommendations Based on the findings of the study, the researcher recommends that breast cancer awareness programs should be developed in universities on a regular basis and should focus on removing the perceived barriers to breast self-exam and enhancing cues to action and self-efficacy among the female students
Keywords: Breast Cancer, BSE, female students, Compliance.

Abstract:Persistent bronchial asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition resulting in high rates of morbidity and mortality among older adults. The daily living activities of older patients with asthma is significantly affected, they often experience episodes of inactivity, therefore, controlling asthma and preventing exacerbations requires scrupulous attention to self-care management skills. Aim: To examine the effect of bronchial asthma self-care management model on older adults’ coping with daily living activities Design: A pre-experimental design (one group pre-test post-test study). Setting: The study was conducted in three outpatient clinics in Al Mahalla Hospital for pulmonary and allergy diseases, Tanta, Egypt. Subjects: The study sample consisted of a convenient sample of 104 older adults with bronchial asthma.  Tools: six tools were used for data collection: 1) Socio-demographic Characteristics of Older Adults with Bronchial Asthma Structured Interview Schedule, 2) Barthel Index (BI), 3) Knowledge of Older adults with Bronchial Asthma Structured Interview Schedule, 4) Medication Adherence Reporting Scale (MARS), 5) A Standardized Checklist of Steps in the Proper Use of a Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI) and a Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI), 6) Self-monitoring of Asthma Control and Avoidance of Asthma Triggers Questionnaire.Results: The study revealed that, there was highly statistical significant improvement in older adults’ self-care knowledge and self-care practices post-program than before. A positive significant correlation between older adults’ self-care knowledge, the proper use of inhaler, self-monitoring of asthma control &avoidance of asthma triggers and their activity of daily living was found post interventions. A negative correlation between the study subjects’ adherence to asthma medications and their activities of daily living was found prior the implementation of the program.Conclusion: the application of the proposed asthma self-care management model is effective in improving older adults’ coping with their daily living activities. Recommendation: development of educational programs for all nurses and other health care providers in hospitals focusing on helping elderly asthma patients how to cope with their daily living activities, and treatment regimen affected by bronchial asthma. 
Keywords:Asthma, Activity of Daily living, Self-management Model, Older Adults,Medication Adherence,inhaler technique.  

Abstract:Electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) is obstetric technology helps to record any changes in fetal heart rate (FHR) and uterine activity. Insufficient knowledge and interpretations regarding EFM will lead to incorrect decision making. So, regular educational and training about EFM to all maternity nurse is important.This study aimed to determine effect of educational program about EFM on knowledge and interpretations of internship students, faculty of Nursing, Assiut University, Egypt. Methods: A pre and posttest quesi experimental design, sample that contained 180 internship nursing students. Questionnaire was the tool applied to gather data that included three parts; part one was personal data, part two theoretical questions to assess knowledge, and questions to evaluate interpretations of EFM was the third part. Results: The mean of total score in pretest is 25.1%, while the main of score in posttest is 78.8%.Conclusions: educational program on EFM carries a vital value for enhancing internship students’ knowledge and interpretations. This leads finally to improve maternal and fetal outcomes. Recommendations: Regular educational program should be encouraged and workshops about interpretations of EFM traces for all maternity nurses and internship students.
Keywords:Electronic fetal mentioning, educational program, internship students.

Abstract: Although influenza is a preventable disease it is also a highly contagious disease that can cause high mortality and morbidity even between pandemics. As influenza can spread rapidly and easily, it can cause  many cases and deaths not only due to the disease, but also due to its associated complications.  So implementing nursing intervention program for educating specific    practices for prevention of pandemic influenza transmission for school students is very important especially when there is a major public health threat like influenza pandemic. Aim of this study:  This study was aiming to assess student’s practices regarding prevention of pandemic influenza transmission. It also aims to design, implement and evaluate nursing intervention program for students about practices for prevention of pandemic influenza transmission. Research question: What is the effect of nursing intervention program on student’s practices about prevention of pandemic influenza transmission?  Research design: A quasi experimental design was used in this study. Setting: The study was conducted in governmental schools in Ismailia governorate. Subject: The study involved 204 students from 12-18 years. Tools of data collection: Data were collected using interview questionnaire sheet and observational checklists. Results: Total score of practices regarding prevention of pandemic influenza transmission were improved after implementation of the nursing intervention program and after one month later. As satisfactory practices represented by 100% post nursing intervention program and 99.5% after one month. Recommendation: The study recommended implementation of many nursing intervention programs for prevention of influenza transmission.
Keywords:Influenza, Nursing intervention program, Pandemic, prevention, students.

Abstract:Breast cancer is the most common cause o death among females, it is incidence becomes in increasing. It is frightening for women as it affects all ages so that promoting awareness about breast cancer causes and the screening program can help in reduction of morbidity and mortality among females. The study aimed to assess the effect of health educational intervention regarding breast self-examination on knowledge, and practices of female adolescent student. Design: A pre/ post quasi experimental research design was utilized.Sample:- included 280 adolescent girls which selected from two secondary schools at Sohag City. Tools:: A structure interview questionnaire and Breast self examination (BSE) checklist.Results:There was a statistically significant difference between adolescent student's knowledge pre and post- intervention implementation regarding to breast cancer, As regards sources of information about breast cancer, the main source was the friends, there was improvement regarding BSE checklist pre/ immediate post intervention implementation, there was highly statistically significant (P=0.004, P=0.005) positive correlation between total knowledge scores and their practice at post and after one month intervention implementation. Conclusion:  knowledge and practice of adolescent students were improved after receiving the educational intervention. Recommendations: adolescent girls should be provided with health information related to BSE and well-informed continuous; health education intervention should be imparted to adolescent girls.

Abstract: Non-facilitating school environment can increase girls' absenteeism from school. Poor sanitation in schools and inadequate menstrual hygiene can potentially have health consequences such as increased risk of reproductive and urinary tract infections. The study aimed to effect of menstruation on school absenteeismamong adolescent girls at El Fayoum city and Sohag city. Design: A descriptive cross sectional design was used for the study.  Sample:- included 530 adolescent girls which selected randomly from three preparatory schools three public schools at El Fayoum city and Sohag city. Tools: A self administered questionnaire was used for data collection, menstruation attitude questionnaire (MAQ) was utilized as a valid and reliable tool for collecting the data. Results:There was statistical significance difference between residence and educational level of the participants and their knowledge. As regards to participants' knowledge about two thirds had satisfactory level of knowledge, as regard practice, it was observed that more than two thirds were using sanitary pads as the ideal use during menstruation, regarding participants' attitude toward menstruation, the participants agree that menstruation is a debilitating (41.64 ± 6.62), a bothersome (20.22 ± 4.79) and natural event (15.59 ± 2.37). "Furthermore," they agree that they can anticipate their menstruation (13.78 ± 2.89) and they denial the effect of it (22.90 ± 5.97). The majority of participants were informed about menstruation from their mothers as the first source of information. There was statistical significance difference between knowledge, practice, and attitude toward menstruation and school absenteeism. Conclusion: It was found that menstrual attitude and knowledge were positively correlated and certain practices were restricted during menstruation such as bathing and physical activity and absenteeism from school was considerable and lack of access to good quality sanitary products can be associated with lowed enrolment in schools, absenteeism, and dropout. Recommendations: the importance prepares girls for menstruation before a menarche through providing them with well planned school health program for girls and mothers about menstruation by well trained teachers.
Keywords:knowledge, attitude, practice, menstruation, school absenteeism, schoolgirls.

Abstract:Radioactive iodine therapy is the most common treatment for Graves’ disease and toxic multi-nodular goiter in adult  Aim:to evaluate the effect of nursing instructions on life style of thyroid disorders patients receiving radioactive iodine therapy (RAI).Patients and methods:  the study was conducted in Nuclear Medicine department of Assiut university hospital and South Egypt Cancer Institute. A convenience sample (60) adult thyroid disorder patients from both sex, who were admitted in the Nuclear Medicine department for RAI therapy. Tools Patient interview Questionnaire, patient’s life style questionnaire: (Walker, K. Sechirst, N. Pender., 1995) and designed nursing instructions booklet Results: the study group patient achieved a satisfactory level of knowledge after application of the nursing instructions (86.7%). There was a highly statistically significant difference between the study group pre & post implementation of the nursing instructions (P.v 0.001). Conclusion: there was an improvement in knowledge level after implementation of the nursing instructions in the study group, 86.7%,  there was a highly statistically significant difference between the study group patients pre and post application of nursing instructions. An improvement of life style in the study group after implementation of nursing instructions.Recommendations: Equip the nuclear unit with: nursing instructions booklet covering instructions about improving life style of patients receiving RAI therapy.
Keywords:nursing instructions, improvement life style, and RAI therapy.

Abstract:Nurses' practice environment has a significant influence on staff nurses' loyalty toward the organization. The purpose of this study is to examine the nursing practice environment and its relationship to organizational commitment. Methods: A descriptive, correlational design was utilized. A convenience sampling technique was implemented. Data were collected with the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index and the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire from 157 staff nurses at King AbdulAziz University Hospital. A descriptive statistical tests and an inferential statistical tests were used. Results: Staff nurse's practice environment was favorable while, organizational commitment level was moderate at King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital. The most important characteristics to the staff nurses was the nursing foundations for quality of care. The staff nurses may feel an obligation to remain at King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital due to the sense of duty. However, the nurses may not feel an identification with and attachment to King AbdulAziz University Hospital. Also, the current study found that, the staff nurses' organizational commitment could be promoted by improving the five nursing practice environments' characteristics. Conclusion: Favorable nursing practice environment may have a positive and significant relationship with the staff nurse's organizational commitment levels. Consequently, it is imperative for the nursing managers, educators as well as researchers to consider these two variables as factors to enhance nurses' retention in Saudi hospitals.
Keywords:nursing administration, nursing practice environment, nursing foundations for quality of care, staff development, organizational commitment, normative organizational commitment.

Title:Nursing Practice Environment and its Relationship to Organizational Commitment
Author:Roaa Wheed Asseeri, Naglaa Abd El-Aziz El Seesy
ISSN 2394-7330
International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing
Novelty Journals

Abstract:organizational commitment great can support the employee to be slightly pleased by moving the job performance of critical care nurses' power as a result of loyalty to the institute. While it is Low, may cause leaves, conflicts and sobs which in return harms the institute itself, may result in the failure of trust of the clients. Theaim of this study: To identify the relationship between organizational commitment and Job Performance of critical care nurses at Zagazig University Hospitals. Subjects and Methods: Research design: A descriptive correlation research design was used. Setting: Zagazig University Hospitals. Subjects: including 105 critical care nurses. Tools of data collection: Two tools were used for data collection: 1.  organizational commitment questionnaire sheet, and 2. six-dimension scale to measure characteristics of nursing job performance. Results: The study indicated that the organizational commitment level reveals that, half (50%) of critical care nurses had a moderate level of commitment, while, 7.3% had a high level of commitment. Although, the job performance level was slightly more than half (54.5 %) had unsatisfactory job performance level.Conclusion: It is concluded that: there was a highly positive correlation between organizational commitment and job performance among critical care nurses at Zagazig University Hospitals.Recommendation: It is recommended that: in order to improve affective commitment, and nurse's performance the hospitals need to provide support to their nurses and take a strong action to progress a nurses' performance.
Keywords:Organizational Commitment, Affective, Continuance, Normative Commitment, Critical Care Nurse, and Job Performance.

Abstract:The aim of the present study was to assess knowledge, attitude, and acceptability of assisted reproductive technology among infertile women. Design:A descriptive research design was used.Setting: This study was conducted at the Fertility Care Unit at Mansoura University Hospital in Daqahliya governorate, Egypt.Subjects: A total of130 women who are attending to the fertility care unit for infertility treatment. Tools of data collection: A Structured interview schedule, knowledge of women about assisted reproductive technology Questionnaire sheet, attitudeof women toward assisted reproductive technology Likert scale and acceptability of women toward assisted reproductive technology Likert scale. Results: Around two third (63.8%) of the studied group had a poor knowledge about assisted reproductive technology, most of the studied group (97%, 97.7% respectively) had a neutral attitude and accepted assisted reproductive technology. Also, the study results revealed that the median knowledge score was significantly difference by age and education, being higher among older age above 25 years and those with high education and longer duration of infertility. There was negligible relationship between knowledge and attitude scores (p= 0.403), while there was significant, positive, mild relationship between acceptability score in both knowledge and attitude scores (P=0.044, P=0.001) respectively. Conclusion: It was evident that infertile women had poor knowledge about assisted reproductive technology; most of them had a neutral attitude and was accepted assisted reproductive technology. Recommendation: Developing assisted reproductive technology programs to increase infertile women’s knowledge and attitude regarding assisted reproductive technology.
Keywords:Acceptability, Assisted Reproductive Technology, Attitude, Infertile Women, Knowledge.

Abstract:Background: Pain, nausea and vomiting are the most distressing problems after abdominal surgery. Side effects and high costs of antiemetics and analgesics have led many practitioners to investigate alternative methods as acupressure for minimizing postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting.
Aim: To evaluate the effect of acupressure therapy upon postoperative nausea, vomiting and the overall surgery pain experience among patients underwent abdominal surgery.
Methodology: Aquazi experimental pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design was utilized. A Convenient sample of 60 adult patients underwent abdominal surgery were randomly divided into study and control groups (30 patients each). The current study was conducted in general surgery wards, at one of the teaching hospitals affiliated to Cairo University, Egypt. Data collected through, Demographic and medical data sheet, Rhodes Index of Nausea and Vomiting scale and A Visual Analogue Scale.
Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups regarding the occurrence of nausea and vomiting (t-test= 3.28, p-value= 0.05 & t-test= 7.91, p-value= 0.01 respectively). Meanwhile, there was no significant difference between the intervention group and the control group in relation to retching (t-test= 0.77, p-value= 1.02).There was a decreasing pattern in pain intensity mean scores with statistically significant difference between the intervention and control group throughout the three first days postoperative (F-ratio = 50.28, p-value= 0.000). Conclusion: we must be mindful of the role of acupressure therapy in reducing postoperative pain nausea and vomiting.
Keywords:acupressure, postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting, reported patient outcomes.

Abstract:Nursing evidence-based practice in management of fever of neonates has improved the quality and consistency of care for neonates with fever. Aim of the Study: The present study aimed to assess nurses’ knowledge, practice and attitude regarding evidence-based practice in managing fever in neonatal intensive care units. Moreover, to adapt, implement and evaluate the effect of evidence-based practice for fever management in neonatal intensive care units. Study Design: A quasi- experimental design was utilized. Setting: The study was carried out at the neonatal intensive care units in Benisuef General Hospital, Benisuef Health Insurance Hospital and Children’s Hospital affiliated to Ain shams University Hospitals. Subject: The study included all available staff nurses (50 nurses) providing care for neonates at the previously-mentioned settings regardless their ages, years of experiences or qualifications. Tools of the Study: Involved structured interview questionnaire sheet to assess the study sample's socio-demographic characteristics and their knowledge regarding evidence-based practice and fever in neonates pre- and post-intervention; observational checklist to assess nurses’ practices toward evidence-based practice for fever management in neonates pre- and post-intervention; and Likert type rating scale to assess nurses' attitude regarding evidence-based practice for fever management in neonates pre- and post-intervention. Results: More than half of the studied nurses had satisfactory knowledge and nearly three quarters of them were competent in their practices regarding management of fever for neonates, post-intervention of evidence-based practice nursing management. There was a statistically significant difference between total nurses' knowledge, total practice and total attitude regarding evidence-based practice for fever management in neonates. Conclusion: The application of evidence-basedpractice for nursing management of fever in neonatal intensive care units had a positive effect on improvement of nurses’ knowledge, practice and attitude after intervention. Recommendations: Raising the awareness of nurses regarding evidence-based practice for nursing management of fever in neonatal intensive care units.
Keywords:fever, neonates, and evidence based practice.

Abstract:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of sleep hygiene practices on quality of the sleep patternamong pregnant women with sleeping disorders.Design: Randomized controlled trial was used.Setting: This study was conducted at the antenatal center of Mansoura University Hospital; from June to November 2018.Subjects: A total of 110 pregnant women with poor sleep quality total > 5 according to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were enrolled. They were divided equally by simple randomization into the intervention group (n=55) and the control group (n=55). Tools: A Structured interview schedule and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Results: Before the intervention, the subjective quality of sleep pattern is nearly the same in both groups. Sleep efficiency was less than 85.5% and 90.4% in the intervention and control group respectively. Both groups are nearly matched as regard sleep quality before intervention. Nevertheless, The average Pittsburgh Sleep Quality score is significantly decreased from the time of starting of intervention in 29 weeks, then at 33 weeks of gestation, whereas the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality average score is significantly less in the intervention than control group with 10.86±2.06 vs. 12.54±2.48 compared to 9.13±1.87 vs. 12.46±2.41 respectively. Also, The percentage of lowering the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality average is 15.3% at 29 weeks and 28.8% at 33 weeks of gestation.Conclusion: It was evident that following the sleep hygiene practices were an effective for improving the quality of sleep among pregnant women with sleep disorders.Recommendations: Sleep hygiene practices can be adopted to improve sleep quality among pregnant women with sleep disorders and providing proper antenatal counseling to all pregnant women regarding sleep hygiene practices for promoting  physical, mental and social health.

Abstract:Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a rare disorder characterized by cortisol deficiency with/ without aldosterone deficiency, and androgen excess. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the educational program on quality of life for mothers of children suffering from congenital adrenal hyperplasia. A quasi-experimental design was used. This study was carried out at Benha University Hospital, Benha Specialized Hospital for Children and Health Insurance Hospital affiliated to Ministry of Health. A convenient sample included all available mother`s (55) of children between the ages of birth and 16 years with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Tools of data collection: Three tools were used; Tool I: A structured interviewing questionnaire, Tool II:  Mothers' reported practice sheet, Tool III:  Quality of Life Scale. Results was a highly statistically significant difference observed between the studied mothers total knowledge, quality of life and mothers reported practice regarding to congenital adrenal hyperplasia at pre and post of the educational program implementation P= (<0.001). This study concluded that: The mothers of children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia had improved in their quality of life as well as the mother`s had a good knowledge and practice mothers of children suffering from congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Recommendations: The study recommended that future studies should emphasis on mothers` experience and management would enhance the current state of the science and provide a much-needed window into interventions aimed to improving the life of families and children with CAH.
Keywords:quality of Life, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, mothers reported practice.

Abstract:Despite the multiple psychological health problems that homeless children have suffered in their young lives, little attention has been drawn to their psychological needs satisfaction. The self-determination theory emphasizes the importance of satisfaction with autonomy, competence, and relatedness for a person’s psychological growth and well-being. Aim: This study aimed to assess the basic psychological needs satisfaction and to investigate its relationship with subjective wellbeing among sheltered homeless children. Setting: The study was conducted at El-Horreya Institute for Community Development, a shelter facility for homeless boys in Alexandria, Egypt. Subjects: A convenience sample of 100 homeless children were recruited in the study. Tools: Data were collected using Basic Psychological Needs Scale (BPNS) and Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Results: The findings of this study revealed a decrement in the total mean scores of psychological needs satisfaction and its subscales. Autonomy satisfaction had the highest mean score among the study subjects. Whereas, competence satisfaction had the lowest mean score and was correlated significantly with relatedness satisfaction among homeless children. Although there was a decrement in the total subjective well-being mean score among homeless children, no statistical significant association was found in its relationship with the children's psychological needs satisfaction. Recommendation: Coordinated psychiatric and pediatric care plan should be developed for sheltered homeless children. Functional programs and counseling services should be developed and provided for sheltered homeless children. Educational program should be developed for the care providers in homeless service settings to ensure their contribution in psychological needs satisfaction of homeless children besides managing the immediate crisis of homelessness.
Keywords:Homelessness, Psychological Needs Satisfaction, Subjective well-being, Self-determination theory.

Abstract:To investigate patterns of health care use and to profile factors associated with self-reported use of family physicians, physiatrists, and physiotherapists among adult Greeks.
Methods: A cross-sectional Web based survey was conducted for this study. Data were collected between December 2018 and January 2019 using Google Form. We obtained a convenience sample (N=875) via a social media website (Facebook).
Results: The majority of adult respondents with chronic back disorders sought care only with a family physician (53.8%). Few respondents sought care only with a physiatrist (2.5%) and a physiotherapist (1.0%). After adjustment, differential patterns of utilization (p < 0.05) were evident between provider groups with respect to age, gender, socioeconomic status, rural/urban residence, functional limitations, and presence of co-morbidities.
Conclusion: This research highlights potential inequities in access to physiatrists in relation to family physicians and physiotherapists among adult Greeks with chronic back disorders.  
Keywords:chronic back disorders, observational study, Greece.

Abstract:Respiratory distress remains a major source of morbidity and mortality among neonates. Mechanical ventilatory support is required for sever cases of neonates with respiratory distress in an attempt to mimic the respiratory system's physiological function of gas exchange until the respiratory system reaches maturation or recovered. Aim: to assess nurses' knowledge and practices about care of neonates on mechanical ventilators with respiratory distress. Methods: A descriptive research design was conducted on a sample of 68 nurse working  in neonatal intensive care unit at El-Mhala general hospital. Two tools were used for data collection including questionnaire to evaluate nurse's knowledge regarding care of neonates with respiratory distress on mechanical ventilators, the second tool  was an observational checklist to evaluate nurse's practice regarding care of neonates with respiratory distress on mechanical ventilators. Results: (64.7%) of the studied nurses had average level of knowledge compared to (20.6%) of them had good level of knowledge. While, (69.2%) had incompetent practical level compared to (30.8%) had competent practical level regarding care for neonates with respiratory distress on mechanical ventilation. Conclusion Relatively two thirds of the studied nurses had average level of knowledge & incompetent practice regarding care of neonates with respiratory distress on mechanical ventilators. Recommendations: In-service educational training programs directed toward all aspects of care for neonates with respiratory distress on mechanical ventilation should be established periodically for staff nurses working in neonatal intensive care units to improve their knowledge and practice.
Keywords:Knowledge, Mechanical ventilators, Nurses, Neonates, Practice, Respiratory distress.

Abstract:Testicular cancer is the most common form of urogenital system cancers among young men aged 20–40 years. The incidence of testicular cancer is rapidly increasing. It is highly curable when detected and treated early. This study aimed to assess the effect of evidence based practical guideline on promoting testicular cancer preventive behavior among nursing males' students.  A quasi-experimental study conducted at technical institute of Helwan university through academic year (2017-2018). A convenient sample of (117) male students were included in the study.Tools of data collection: 1^st Self administrative questionnaire sheet, 2^nd Champion health belief model scale, 3^rd Observational checklist and 4^th follow up card.finally there was a supportive material"Evidence based practical guideline with scientific film CD for technique of testicular self-examination (TSE). Results: Mean age of students was 20.45 ± 2.65. The study showed that there was a significant increase in the mean score of correct complete knowledge about TSE from 2.6% pre to 89.7% during follow up post application of guideline (p=0.001) ,furthermore , a positive improvement in the practices of the students toward TSE was observed through that the majority 94% of sample had incorrect performance for TSE pre training and application of guideline changed to 9.7% during follow up post application of guideline(p=0.001).depend on these findings the researchers concluded that evidence based practical guideline designed based on health belief model has a positive effect on promoting testicular cancer preventive behavior on nursing students by improving their knowledge level self-efficacy practices and positive attitude regarding to TSE .So the researchers recommended that disseminate the TSE guideline application among males at different stage of life started from adolescents age is highly recommended to reduce risk of testicular cancer and its consequences on males reproductive health . Integrate the concept of TSE as screening procedure to early detection of testicular cancer and other testicular disorders into undergraduate curriculum of nursing faculties. Further research on large scale is required to investigate barriers influencing of TSE practice among Egyptian males.
Keywords:Testicular self -examination - Testicular cancer - evidence based practical guideline health belief model.

Abstract:To evaluate the effect of introducing learning sessions about menstrual hygienic practices on knowledge and practices of deaf-dumber adolescents.Subjects and Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted at Omar Ebn El-khattab School in El Mansoura city on a convenience sample of 53 female studentswho were aged between 14 to 20 years andhad menarche since two years or more.A structured questionnaire and assessment sheet were used for data collection. Results: There are significant improvement in girl’s knowledge and practices about nearly all menstruation relevant items at posttest compared to pre-test.All of the participant girls believed that menstruation is a disease, it is dangerous to perform physical activity during menstruation and considered menstrual blood contains dangerous substances at pretest, while after education their conceptions improved ( 85%, 86.8%, 88.7% and 83% respectively; p<0.001). Before learning sessions 60.4% were changing the used pads every 4-8 hours, but after the sessions 92.5% were keen to change whenever soiled. Conclusion and recommendations: The present study revealed unhealthy menstrual practices, low level of knowledge and various myths among deaf- dumper adolescents. The study pointed out  positive effect for the learning sessions in improving the deaf- dumper adolescent's knowledge and practices.Accordingly, adolescent girls with special needs are requiring continuous attention and awareness raising regards healthy practices.
Keywords:Learning sessions, Deaf-dumper, adolescents, menstrual hygiene and practices.

Abstract:Diabetic patients often have inadequate knowledge about nature, risk factors and associated complications of diabetes and this negatively affect their attitudes and practices towards its care. Aim: examine the effectiveness of a nursing intervention protocol concerning patients' knowledge, medications adherence, health beliefs and glycosylated hemoglobin toward type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subjects and Methods: A convenient sample of 100 patients. This study was carried out in the diabetic out-patient clinics at Port Said general hospitals affiliated to the ministry of health, Egypt.  Tools: four tools were utilized for data collection. Tool I: Interviewing questionnaire. Tool II: Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. Tool III: Health Belief Model Scale. Tool IV: glycosylated hemoglobin sheet. Results: most of the studied patients were female, less than half of them were at age group 40 to less than 50 years old, three fifths of them were unemployed, and one third of them were smokers. Highly statistically significant difference between pre and post intervention in all items of knowledge and in the total score after implementing the interventional nursing protocol, and negative correlation with statistical and highly statistical significant differences between the patients' total adherence score levels and their total glycosylated hemoglobin score in the pre-test and post-test. Conclusion: the interventional nursing protocol is an effective tool that implicated a significant change in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients' knowledge, medication adherence, health beliefs and glycosylated hemoglobin post implementing the protocol than pre protocol. Recommendation: continuous educational programs for diabetic patients for improving awareness.
Keywords:Glycosylated Hemoglobin, Health Beliefs, Medications Adherence, Nursing Intervention Protocol, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Abstract: Aggression in psychiatric hospitals considered as major workplace problems for the health care professionals especially the nurse, who is the most prone members of the hospital staff to patient's aggression. It has cognitive, emotional and personal variables. Aim:  investigate the effectiveness of self-awareness program based on emotional intelligence on aggressive behavior of psychiatric hospital patients. Design: Quasi-experimental design (one group pretest posttest design) was used in this study. Setting: this study was conducted at inpatients psychiatric department in the "Psychiatry, neurology and neurosurgery center" at Tanta University hospital, Gharbeia governorate, Egypt. Subjects: A purposive sample of 41 psychiatric patients according to the inclusion criteria which include: newly admitted patients and experiencing aggressive behavior according to aggression questionnaire, their age above 18 years and duration of illness not less than six months. Tools:  three tools were utilized to measure the study variables; Personal and clinical data Questionnaires, Buss and Perry Aggression questionnaire, Bar- on Emotional Quotient and Inventory and Emotional Self-Awareness Scale .Results: the results revealed that two third of the patients have high level of aggression, while most of them have mild level of emotional intelligence and most of the patients have mild level of emotional Self-awareness. The mean total score of aggression decreased post intervention of educational program, also, the level of emotional intelligence and self-awareness improved after implementation of the educational program.  There is a negative significant relation between patient's level of aggression and level of self-awareness and emotional intelligence. Recommendations: this study recommended that, training program to psychiatric nurses regarding dealing with aggression is the key element in reducing risk and increasing safety for patients and nurses and reinforce the preventive measure in aggression management through hospital policies.
Keywords:Aggression, self -awareness, emotional intelligence, psychiatric patients.

Abstract:The sexual health of adolescents is a growing global public health issue it is important for adolescent girls to understand her sexuality. Many adolescent girls approach adulthood faced with conflicting and confusing messages about sexuality and gender. Purpose of the study: examine the effect of sexual health nursing intervention on knowledge of female adolescent. Design: The study was conducted using quasi experimental design (pretest – posttest) was used to achieve the purpose of the study. Setting: The study was conducted at El Shahid Osama Saied Secondary School at Elshohdaa city from January 2017 to end of Jun 2017.Sample: Simple random sample (100) was included to assess the girls’ sexual health knowledge. All girls their age ranged between (13-16years), single and did not attend any educational programm about sexual health. Tools used for data collection consisted of (1) Structured Interviewing Questionnaire Sheet to assess the girls Demographic Data, Age, School year, number of family members, Number of rooms in the house , The educational level of the father and mother and Father's Mother's job (2) sexual health knowledge and (3) sexual health education knowledge. Results of the study showed highly significant difference in knowledge of females sexual health p-value was <0.001**. Conclusion: In conclusion the present study drew attention that sexual health education is a worthwhile activity to prevent reproductive health hazards, sexual dysfunction, marital distress, divorce, and family breakdown. This will save the society and allow people to enjoy life. Recommendations: The study recommended Ministries of health, education and media need to collaborate closely to ensure access to sexual and reproductive health services for adolescent and integration with primary health care, creating a supportive and enabling environment, especially in the education and empowerment of girls, Securing political will, Formulating and implementing policies and regulations and mobilizing resources to ensure sustainability
Keywords:adolescent females, sexual health, sexual health education.

Abstract:Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Chemotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that use one or more anti-cancer drugs as part of a standardized chemotherapy regimen. Chemotherapy has a range of side-effects that depend on the type of medications used. The most common medications affect mainly the fast-dividing cells of the body, such as blood cells and the cells lining the mouth, stomach, and intestines. Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and constipation are common side-effects of chemotherapeutic medications that kill fast-dividing cells.  Aim: Assess the effect of nursing intervention program on gastrointestinal tract problems among elderly patients undergoing chemotherapy. Design: Quasi-experimental research design was used in this study. Setting: the outpatient clinics and inpatient wards at the oncology center affiliated to the main Mansoura University Hospital. Tools: Seven tools were used in this study; Patient’s assessment questionnaire sheet, patient’s knowledge on chemotherapy side effects, and patient actions toward chemotherapy side effects questionnaire, patient knowledge about oral care and progressive relaxation techniques questionnaire, nausea and vomiting assessment scale, WHO Oral Toxicity Scale, Constipation assessment scale and Diarrhea assessment scale. Results: the mean scores of all items of knowledge including chemotherapy, actions related to chemotherapy side effects, oral care and progressive relaxation technique differs significantly after applying the program, nausea level, vomiting level and stomatitis level differ significantly after application the program. Conclusion: The program had a positive effect on GIT problems related to chemotherapy. Recommendation: development of educational programs for all nurses and other health care providers in hospitals focusing on helping elderly cancer patients how to deal with chemotherapy side effects.
Keywords:Cancer, Chemotherapy, Elderly Patients, Gastrointestinal Tract.

Abstract:Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a major problem in the intensive care unit among mechanically ventilated patients and oral care can reduce the risk of developing VAP. Access to VAP increases health care costs due to increased duration of stay and most important; Ventilator-associated pneumonia has a negative impact on mortality and morbidity. Oral pharyngeal colonization was clearly an important mechanism for the development of VAP. Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is a risk factor for the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia, which develops at least 48 hours after admission into patients who are ventilated through a tracheostomy or endotracheal intubation. Ventilator-associated pneumonia is the most common intensive care unit infection among patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation. It contributes to increased hospital mortality, mechanical ventilation time, intensive care unit and length of hospital stay. Therefore, it exacerbates the patient's critical condition and increases the total cost of the hospital. Preventive measures have become imperative, to ensure control and reduce the incidence of VAP. Preventive measures focus on adaptive risk factors, mediated by strategies based on non-pharmacological and pharmacological evidence-based strategies recommended by guidelines. These measures aim to reduce the risks associated with endotracheal intubation and prevent the micro aspiration from pathogens to the lower airways.
Keywords:Ventilator-associated Pneumonia, Invasive mechanical ventilation, Nosocomial. Pneumonia, Preventive measures, Nursing Implications.

Abstract:Psychiatric morbidity during pregnancy is a major public health concern. World Health Organization (WHO) ranks depression as one of the most burdensome illnesses in the world. Depression is predicted to be the uppermost cause of morbidity by 2030. Anxiety about a particular pregnancy is especially potent, and depressive symptoms in mothers during pregnancy are associated with low birth weight newborns with consequences for infant morbidity. These distinguishable risk factors and related pathways to distinct birth outcomes merit further investigation. The aim of current study was to identify the effect of anxiety and depression symptoms on Pregnancy and birth outcome. Study design: A descriptive correlational design was used, whereby a convenience sample of 150 pregnant women was recruited for this study. Setting: This study conducted at the obstetric outpatient clinic, Ain Shams University Hospitals. Five tools were used for data collection namely, a structured interviewing questionnaire sheet, the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Modified WHO partogram and Apgar score sheet. Results: This study denoted that women with sever anxiety and depressive symptoms during pregnancy exhibit an increased likelihood of having neonates with low total Apgar score (0-6), need for resuscitation and neonatal intensive care unit, As well as a statistically significant relation between all items of obstetric history and different anxiety levels at p value ˂0.001. Moreover, pregnant women who reported sever anxiety and depressive symptoms during pregnancy were more prone to cesarean section, preterm labor and prolonged labor, in addition to  statistically significant relation was detected between all birth outcome items and depression symptoms at p value ˂0.001.Conclusion: pregnant women who reported severe  anxiety and depression symptoms during pregnancy were more prone to increase need to the  neonatal resuscitation, increase chance to prematurity, cesarean section, prolonged labor and preterm birth. Recommendation: Health educational program and campaign about pregnant woman mental and psychological wellness should be conducted. Future researches should be conducted to early detect the common psychiatric health problems in pregnancy.
Keywords:Birth outcome, pregnancy, anxiety, depression, neonatal, labor, Apgar score.

Abstract:The incidence of female circumcision remained very high in upper Egypt, and that most cuttings were still performed by general practitioners Female circumcision is a major public health issue in some areas of the world, especially in Africa, the Middle East and around the world and is still widespread in Egyptian society. Aim of the study: was to evaluate the effect of Teaching Nursing Intervention to Prevent Female Circumcision among Secondary School students based on Health Beliefs Model. Subjects and Methods: Research Design: Quasi experimental design was adopted to carry out this study. Setting: the study was connected in eight secondary schools at Sohag Governorate. Subjects:  320 female secondary students who were in the first grade were selected randomly. Tools of data collection: Two tools were used for data collection, the first tool was self-administrated questionnaires; Socio-economic status scale data, Students' experience of female Circumcision, Knowledge of female secondary students about female circumcision, the second tool was interview questionnaire of an Attitude scale for secondary students toward Female circumcision by using Health Belief Model. Results: the results revealed that statistically significant negative correlation between Knowledge, Socio-Economic Status and attitude of the studied subject in all phases of the program. Conclusion: The knowledge and attitude of female students to prevent female circumcision were improved after implementation of teaching nursing program. Recommendation: Raise students' awareness through educational booklets about impact of female circumcisionon girls 'rights and their health at various schools. .
Keywords:Adolescent Stage, Belief, cues to action, Female Circumcision, Health Belief Model, perception, self-efficacy, perceived  seriousness, perceived susceptibility.

Abstract:Safety measures are crucial to ensure quality nursing care and improve patient outcome. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of an instructional program about selected patient safety guidelines on nurses' knowledge and self-reported practice at a government hospital. Design: Quasi-experimental research design was used. Sample: Convenient sample of 30 adult male & female nurses who worked in the selected hospital and met the inclusion criteria. Setting: Medical and surgical wards, operating theatre,  emergency room, and outpatient clinics  at the selected government hospital. Tools: (1) Demographic and work-related data sheet, and (2) Patient Safety Guidelines Assessment Sheet (PSGAS)  was used to assess nurses' knowledge and self-reported practice regarding infection control measures, patient identification, and safety of transfusion and connections. Results: There were statistical significant differences before and after implementing the instructional program on nurses' knowledge and self-reported practice regarding infection control measures, patient identification, and safety of transfusion and connections. Recommendation: It is suggested to have periodical safety audit in different work places of the hospital in order to identify the deficiencies and intervene before the occurrence of any health hazard.

Abstract:End-stage kidney disease has become a major concern worldwide the total number of these patients receiving hemodialysis has been grown globally. Medication nonadherence is highly prevalent in such patients with an average prevalence rate of 52.5%.
Aim: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of nursing instructions on knowledge, attitude and medication adherence among patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Methodology: A quazi experimental nonequivalent control group design was utilized. A convenient sample of 60 adult patients on hemodialysis, randomly divided into study and control groups (30 patients each).The study conducted in the hemodialysis department at one of the University hospital in Cairo, Egypt. Data were collected through; Demographic and Medical Data Sheet, Knowledge Assessment Sheet, 13-Item Semantic Differential Scale, and 8-Item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale.
Results: There were statistically significant improvement of knowledge; attitude and adherence regarding medication regimen in the study group after implementation of the nursing instructions in comparison to the control group.
Conclusion: nursing instructions improve patients’ knowledge, attitude and adherence to medications.  Undoubtedly, this is an important factor in preserving and improving patients’ health among patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Recommendation: It is suggested to apply these nursing instructions for patients undergoing hemodialysis in the early course of the treatment. 
Keywords:Nursing instructions, medication adherence, hemodialysis.

Abstract:Indwelling urinary catheterization is an invasive intervention with potentially serious outcomes that can lead to morbidity and mortality issues in hospitalized patients.
The aim of the study: to evaluate the effect of nursing guidelines on knowledge and practice of patients with urinary catheter.
Methods: A quasi-experimental research design was utilized in the current study. The study was conducted at different in-patient units, affiliated to Cairo University Hospital.
Subjects: A purposive sample of 50 adult male and female patients connected with a urinary catheter.
Tools of the study: two tools were used for data collection: 1) demographic and medical sheet, 2) Pre and post knowledge assessment sheet.
Results:   there was a highly statistically significant difference on total scores of knowledge and practice of patients connected with urinary catheter before and after implementing the nursing guidelines.
Conclusion and recommendations: The current study concluded that nursing guidelines for patients connected with a urinary catheter   have positive significant difference on patient knowledge and practice. The study recommended that self-care concept should be empowered as an essential part of all levels and strategies of patient's health care.
Keywords:urinary catheter, knowledge and practice.

Abstract:Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is the practice of feeding breastmilk to their child with complete nutrition for the first six months of life without even sips of water. EBF is a crucial part of new-borns life and this developed strong emotional attachment between mother and baby.
Objective: The objective of this review is to summarize the knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers about EBF among mothers in different countries.
Methods and materials: Three database PubMed, Web of Science and Elsevier Science were used to review the literature till the December 25, 2018 last search were done.
Conclusion: The majority of the mothers from different countries were well known about EBF and also had a positive attitude about EBF but about practice, there is slightly low. From government level still needed a program on EBF to promote and encourage mothers as well as parents for a better outcome on EBF.

Abstract:The inclusion of simulation based learning, as an innovative teaching strategy in the undergraduate clinical nursing curriculum is becoming an important foundation for many nursing programs for improving the educational outcomes.
The aim of this study was to identify barriers and enablers for simulation based-learning perceived by the second year undergraduate nursing students
Design: descriptive correlational design was used.
Setting: this study was conducted in the clinical Sim-Man skills laboratory of Medical-Surgical Nursing Department of the Faculty of Nursing-Menoufia University-Egypt.
Sample: a random sample of 240-second year undergraduate nursing students and a convenience sample of seventeen Academic staff members from the Faculty of Nursing who finished their Master or Doctorate degree were selected.
Tools: I. A structured survey questionnaire: it was designed by the researcher after a thorough literature review and based on relevant studies to include: A). Socio-demographic data: Study subjects' sex. B). A structured barriers and enablers questionnaire: It was developed by the researcher and comprised of 20 items for describing point of views of both nursing students and academic staff members about barriers and enablers toward simulation based learning. II. A 3-points Likert scale; was developed by the researcher to identify barriers and enablers regarding simulation based learning. All selected questionnaire items were relevant to the two concepts; barriers, and enablers. It consisted of 25 items: 8 items for assessing barriers and 17 items for assessing enablers.
The main results; barriers for simulation was 100% & 79.6% of faculty staff and nursing students respectively agreed that; insufficient numbers of simulators and regarding enablers 64.7% & 65% of faculty staff and nursing students respectively agreed that; simulation give a semi-realistic experience. In addition, the current study revealed that, 100% of faculty staff and 87.1% of nursing students agreed that enablers are more than barriers.
Conclusion: Overall, the current study concluded seven barriers for simulation based-learning and seventeen enablers.
Recommendations: There is a great need for; frequent simulation training programs for academic staff, allowing simulators' technological support on a periodical basis, identifying challenges for simulation-based learning, building the scientific evidence which supports the use of simulation in nursing education with careful consideration to risk sensitization and outcome measurement, initiating a link between students and academic researchers for adoption of research findings and replication of the study with a larger sample of students from different program levels.

Abstract:Breast cancer puts the patient and their family beneath a great deal of pressure. Women’s response to stress seems to be different but it includes a series of psychological, emotional and behavioral reactions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the nursing intervention on post-traumatic stress and coping strategies among women with breast cancer. This study was carried out in the Surgical and Oncology Department at University Hospital, Menoufia Governorate. Quasi-experimental (study and control group pre/ posttest) research design was used to achieve the purpose of the study. The sample size was 50 women with breast cancer divided into two equal groups (study and control group). Three tools were  used for data collection, which includes socio-demographic and medical history data sheet as well as post-traumatic stress scale and coping strategies scale. The results revealed that there were statistical differences between the study and control group regarding the level of post-traumatic stress and coping strategies post-intervention. Conclusion, nursing intervention is the key element for reducing post-traumatic stress disorder and improving the coping patterns of women with breast cancer. Therefore, it was recommended that nurses should give more attention to the psychological aspects of breast cancer women in all stages of treatment and medical intervention to decrease emotional distress and prevent developing a psychiatric disorder.  

Abstract:Evidence based practices (EBP) have been established to enhance the delivery of patients care, reduce cost, increase patient and family awareness and satisfaction and also contribute to professional development.
Aim: The study aimed to assess nurse’s beliefs and barriers regarding EBP at a selected hospital in Cairo.
Design: Descriptive research design was utilized in this study.
Research questions: 1- What are the nurses beliefs regarding value, knowledge, resources and difficulty of EBP? 2- What are the nurses’ perception regarding utilization of research into practice, professional and institutional barriers to apply EBP?
Sample: A convenient sample of 100 nurses was included over three consecutive months.
Tools: Three tools were used:  study participants characteristics tool, Evidence Based Practice Beliefs Scale and Evidence Based Practice Barriers Scale.
Results: Most of the nurses agreed that EBP results in best clinical care for patients but they disagreed about their ability to implement EBP and to measure the outcomes of clinical care. In addition, EBP consumes too much time and difficult to apply. Moreover, they didn’t feel enough authority to implement new ideas.
Conclusion: Nurses had positive beliefs toward evidence based practice. However, they were unable to keep up with the current literature and practice evidence based due to different barriers.
Recommendations: Administrators should encourage nurses to apply evidence based practice in the clinical setting.

Abstract:Understanding consumers’ views is essential for any service to be developed or improved. It is not desirable for health-care professionals to be the sole judges of the care provided. Patient satisfaction is connected with nursing care and patients’ satisfactions about the nursing care they receive have been found to be an important outcome indicator for quality nursing care.
Aim: determine the correlation between nurses-reported caring behaviors and patient satisfaction in the Surgical Departments.
Methods: A descriptive, correlational design was employed and conducted in the surgical departments of a Suez Canal University hospital.  Convenience sampling was used to recruit 254 patients and 185 nurses from surgical departments at the Suez Canal university teaching hospital. Four measurement instruments were used: Nurse Participants completed the Nurse’s Socio-demographic Information questionnaire and the Caring Behaviors Inventory-24 (CBI-24). Patient participants completed the Patient Socio-demographic Information Questionnaire and the Patient Satisfaction scale (PSS). 
Results: There was a positive relationship between nurses-reported caring behaviors and patient satisfaction in the surgical departments. It was determined that CBI-24 of nurses’ sub-dimension scores for positive connectedness is rating negatively than other sub-dimension of caring scale. It was found that patients’ sub-dimension scores were positive rated as feel free to ask nurse questions and feel better when to take to nurses and receive good advice from nurses and skillful in assisting the doctor.
Conclusions: This study indicated that the nurses reported caring behaviors were positively correlated with patient satisfaction. Nurses were performing some behaviors that express technical skills according to patients' right more than positive connectedness, while patients experience a lack of communication and unavailability of nurses. The finding revealed that there is still space for improvement nurses’ communication. Patients were satisfying about nursing care, but need to improve nursing communication. The results of this study may help surgical nurses meet the need and expectations of surgical patients and deliver individualized patient care.