Abstract: The research examines the properties of sandcrete and sand-PkS masonry blocks in an attempt to compare the properties of sandcrete masonry blocks and sand-PKS masonry blocks acceptable standards. Block samples were batched by volume in mix ratios of 1:4, 1:5 and 1:6 respectively. The percentage palm kernel shell replacement adopted for each and every mix ratio varies from 0%, 20%, 40% and 50%. Curing was done for 28days and samples were tested to determine bulk and wet density, water absorption, porosity, compressive strength and flexural strength. It was observed that all percentage PKS replacement in mix ratio 1:4,1:5 and1:6 exceeded  the minimum bulk density limit of 1920kg/m3 specified for normal weight masonry blocks in BS 2028(7) for individual blocks except 50% PKS replacement in mix ratio 1:5 and 1:6. Water absorption value were lower than the maximum limit recommended (240kg/m3) in ASTM (C140)  for all mix ratios examined and at all percentage PKS replacement except in mix ratio 1:6 at 50% replacement. Porosity values increased from 0% to 50% in all the mix ratios. Standard organisation of Nigeria specified compressive strength of 1.8-2.5N/mm2 for non-load bearing block and 2.5-3.45 N/mm2 for load-bearing block. Only the compressive strength of  1:5 mix at 50% PKS replacement and 1:6 mix at 40% & 50% PKS replacement did not meet the specification of load-bearing and non-load bearing block. The specific gravity of sand is twice that of PKS. There was a decrease in flexural strength as the percentage PKS replacement increased from 0% to 50% across all the mix ratios. Masonry blocks with sand replaced with PKS are suitable for load bearing and non-load bearing walls and can also be used for low income housing.
Keywords: Bulk density, Compressive Strength, Flexural Strength, Masonry blocks, Palm kernel shell, Specific gravity, Water absorption, Wet density.
Title: Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of Sand-Palm Kernel   Shell Portland cement Based Masonry Blocks
Author: JAJI, M.B, SHITTU, J.O, RAHMON, S.A.
ISSN 2394-7357
International Journal of Novel Research in Civil Structural and Earth Sciences
Novelty Journals

Abstract: In recent days Self Compacting Concrete development in the construction point of view. The present study deals with the workability test (slump flow, v-funnel, J-ring, u-box and L-box) and mechanical properties (compressive strength, split tensile and flexural strength) with mixing of suitable super plasticizers (CONPLAST SP 430) and tested at the age of 7, 28, 56, 90 days. In this investigation, SCC was made by usual ingredients such as Cement, Fine Aggregate, Coarse Aggregate, Water and mineral admixtures fly ash (FA) and rice husk ash (RHA) and replacing cement with Rice Husk Ash and Fly ash in percentages of 100%RHA, 80%RHA+20%FA, 60%RHA+40%FA, 40%RHA+60%FA, 20%RHA+80%FA, 100%FA. This investigation was arrived as per guide lines of European Federation of National Association Representing for Concrete (EFNARC) using Nan-su mix design. Workability is good at all proportions except 100%RHA and 80%RHA+20%FA. The results concluded that split tensile and compressive strength is increased at 20%RHA+80%FA.

Keywords: Fly Ash, Rice Husk Ash, SCC, Workability test, Super Plasticizer, Compressive Strength, Split Tensile Strength, Nan-su mix design.
Title: Experimental Investigation on the Combined Effect of Mechanical Properties on Self Compacting Concrete with Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash
Author: M.SATYANARAYANA REDDY, T.RAGHAVENDRA
ISSN 2394-7357
International Journal of Novel Research in Civil Structural and Earth Sciences
Novelty Journals